Protectve Role of Liv.52 Against Radiation and

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Sharma et al.
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
SJIF Impact Factor 2.786
Volume 4, Issue 01, 1615-1630.
Research Article
ISSN 2278 4357
PROTECTVE ROLE OF LIV.52 AGAINST RADIATION AND

CADMIUM INDUCED HAEMATOLOGICAL (RBC) CHANGES IN
THE SWISS ALBINO MICE
Sharma Ramakant1 and Purohit Rajendra2
1
2
Ramadevi Mahila (P.G.) Mahavidyalaya, Harnathpura (Nua) Jhunjhunu.
Radiation Biology Lab. Dept. of Zoology, Govt.Dungar college, Bikaner, India
Article Received on
17 Nov 2014,
Revised on 09 Dec 2014,
Accepted on 29 Dec 2014
ABSTRACT
The present study was aimed to evaluate protective efficacy of a herbal
drug Liv.52 against radiation and cadmium induced Haematological
changes in the Swiss albino mice. The animals treated with gamma
radiation and/or cadmium chloride with and without Liv.52 were
*Correspondence for
sacrificed by cervical dislocation at post treatment intervals of 1, 2,
Author
4,7,14 and 28 days. The values of RBC found to increase up to day-14
Dr. Ramakant Sharma

Ramadevi Mahila (P.G.)
in non drug treated groups and day-7 in drug treated groups. Thereafter
Mahavidyalaya,
a decrease in the value was observed without reaching to the normal.
Harnathpura (Nua)
When the animals were treated with radiation and cadmium chloride
Jhunjhunu.
simultaneously, synergistic effects were observed. In all drug treated

groups recovery started earlier than that in non drug treated groups.
The Liv.52 treated animals exhibited less severe damage and early recovery as compared to
non drug treated groups. Thus, it appears that Liv.52 is potent enough to check
Haematological change in the Swiss albino mice.
KEYWORDS: Radiation, Cadmium, Liv52, Haematological change, RBC, Mice.
INTRODUCTION
Red blood corpuscles (RBC)
In the present observation erythrocyte count decreased on exposure to different doses of
gamma radiation and the depletion was more pronounced with higher doses confirms the
previous findings of Spalding (1966), who noted that the depopulation of RBC following
exposure is somewhat dose-dependent. The present experiment exhibited a significant
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1615
Sharma et al.
depletion in erythrocyte count which continued upto day 14 in the non-drug treated groups
and day-7 in the Liv.52 treated groups increased thereafter, till the last autopsy interval
i.e.day 28. Norris et al. (1998) noted that after exposure to gamma-radiation, erythrocyte
counts in dogs reached a minimum level at 22 days. Kohn and Fruth (1952) reported that
decrease in number might be due to their loss through haemorrhage and radiation-induced
injury directly on the cell wall or indirectly via vessel trauma.
Saini et al. (1985) also observed significant decrease in erythrocyte count which could not
reach the normal level even on 70th day, after the exposure to gamma radiation. Decrease in
erythrocyte counts on exposure to radiation has also been reported by Kumar et al. (1982,
1983); Floersheim et al. (1988); Shaheen and Hassan (1991) and Pecaut et al. (2002).
The decrease in the number of red blood corpuscles in the present study may be due to
defective haemopoiesis as well as intravascular red cells damage (Stohlman et al., 1957). In
addition, the shortening of life span of erythrocytes by radiation may have a significant role
in bringing about the erythrocyte depletion. It is an established fact that the depletion in the
various blood cell components is largely due to the adverse effects of radiation on the bloodforming organs. Brues and Stroud (1964); Saini (1977) reported that when bone marrow
becomes totally aplastic and its proliferative capacity and that of other blood forming organs
is reduced or nullified by heavy irradiation then "stem cells in red pulp of the spleen start
dividing and differentiating into erythrocytes and myeloblasts to compensate the peripheral
blood cell loss.
As it is clear from the kinetics of the red cells, the fall in RBC count after irradiation might be
due to changes in plasma volume, leakage of cells through capillaries secondary to
thrombopenia and some instances, by severe haemorrhage (Bond et al, 1965). In the present
work, the recovery of red blood cell count, after irradiation can be attributed to the
replenishment from the bone marrow. However, at higher doses the bone marrow also suffers
from hypoplasia (Saini, 1977).
Cadmium chloride intoxication induces haematological changes in the exposed animals. The
present study exhibited a significant decline in the red blood corpuscles continuously upto
day-14 in the non-drug treated group II and day 7 in the Liv.52 treated groups.
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1616
Sharma et al.
Decrease in erythrocyte count after the administration of Cadmium has been reported by
many researchers (Kumari and Banerjee, 1986; Prakash et al., 1988c; Mukherjee and Sinha,
1993; Mackova et al., 1996; Yamano et al., 1998).
Bala et al.(1994) observed a significant decline in total RBC count in the blood of Channa
punctatus exposed to sublethal concentration of cadmium chloride. Decrease in total
erythrocyte count (TEC) due to sub-lethal exposure to cadmium was also recorded by
Panigrahi and Mishra (1976); Srivastava and Mishra (1979). In their experiment TEC showed
uneven increasing or decreasing tendency. Besides this, Weigel et al. (1984) observed an
increased number of red blood cells after 40 days of cadmium exposure. As suggested by
Prigge (1978) an increase in the number of red blood cells without concomitant hemoconcentration, which he observed after inhalative uptake of cadmium by rats, is a direct
stimulatory effect of this metal on erythropoiesis.
Bloom and Bloom (1954) and Hulse (1959) have suggested three possible explanations for
the radiation in the number of the different groups of cells following irradiation.
(i) There may be a Cessation of mitosis lasting for a variable period.
(ii) The cell may show no immediate variable abnormalities but die during the next of
subsequent mitosis or
(iii)The cell may undergo degeneration and die by a mechanism which is related to the
process of cell division.
In the Liv.52 treated groups decline in RBC was lesser and an early recovery was also seen
which may be due to protection provided by the drug. These results are upholded by the
findings of purohit et al. (2009).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Six to eight weeks old male Swiss albino mice were procured from an inbred colony
maintained in animal house of HAU, Hissar. The animals were kept in the polypropylene
cages in the departmental animal house of Govt. Dungar College Bikaner .The standard mice
feed and water were provided ad libitum. The temperature of the animal house was
maintained between 20-25c.
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1617
Sharma et al.
SOURCE OF IRRADIATION
A cobalt-60 gamma radiotherapy source (Theratron) of AECL make obtained from Canada
was used for irradiating the animals in the present investigation. This facility was provided by
the Radiotherapy Department of Prince Bijay Singh Memorial Hospital, Bikaner (Rajasthan).
The animals were irradiated at the dose rate of 0.97 Gy/minute. The dose was calculated at
mid point by multiplying dose rate and tissue air-ratio. The tissue of Swiss albino mice was
assumed to be equivalent to human soft tissues.
CADMIUM CHLORIDE TREATMENT
Cadmium salt in the form of cadmium chloride (SDS Chemicals, India) was prepared by
dissolving 20 mg of cadmium chloride in 1000 ml of the glass distilled water, thus giving a
concentration of 20 and then administered orally in drinking water.
Liv.52
Liv.52 drops were procured from Himalaya drug company, Mumbai, India. The drug was fed
orally at the dose rate of 0.05 ml/animal/day seven days prior to irradiation and cadmium
chloride treatment till the last autopsy day of experiment.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
The animals for the experiments were divided into the following groups
Group1: (Sham-irradiated animals-normal)
Animals of this group were sham-irradiated and served as normal group.
Group II: (Cadmium chloride treated animals)
The animals of this group were orally fed with cadmium chloride solution at the dose rate of
20 ppm ad libitum in drinking water continuously till the last autopsy day.
Group III: (Only irradiated animals)
The animals of this group were exposed to sub-lethal doses of gamma radiation from cobalt60 source. This group was further divided into two sub groups on the basis of radiation dose
received:
Sub- group III a: 3.0 Gy
Sub- group III b: 6.0 Gy
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1618
Sharma et al.
Group IV: ( Animals treated with radiation and cadmium chloride)

The animals of this group were orally fed cadmium chloride solution at the dose rate of 20
ppm and also exposed to different doses of gamma radiation. This group was further divided
into two sub groups on the basis of radiation dose received:
Sub- group IV a: 3.0 Gy+CdCl2
Sub- group IV b: 6.0 Gy+CdCl2
Group V:(Animals treated with cadmium chloride and Liv.52)
The animals of this group were orally fed cadmium chloride solution at the dose rate of 20
ppm and were also administered Liv.52 orally for seven days at a dose of 0.05ml/animal/day
prior to cadmium chloride treatment and continued up to the last autopsy interval.
Group VI:(Animals treated with radiation and Liv.52)
The animals of this group were exposed to sub lethal dose of gamma radiation from cobalt-60
source. The Liv.52 was given seven days prior to irradiation and continued up to the last
autopsy interval. This group was further divided into two sub groups on the basis of radiation
dose received:
Sub- group VI a: 3.0 Gy+Liv.52
Sub- group VI b: 6.0 Gy+ Liv.52
Group VII: (Animals treated with radiation, cadmium chloride and Liv.52)
The animals of this group were orally fed cadmium chloride at the dose of 20 ppm and
received Liv.52 orally for seven days at a dose of 0.05 ml/animal/day prior to irradiation and
cadmium chloride till the last autopsy day of experiment. This group was further divided into
two sub groups on the basis of radiation dose received:
Sub -group VII a: 3.0 Gy + CdCl2 + Liv.52
Sub group VII b:6.0 Gy + CdCl2 + Liv.52
AUTOPSY
Five animals from each group were autopsied by cervical dislocation at each post-treatment
interval of 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days. The weight of animals was recorded before the autopsy.
Five normal mice were also autopsied.
Immediately after the autopsy the blood was collected by cardiac puncture in heparinized
tubes for various haematological studies.
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1619
Sharma et al.
Haematological Parameters: The various haematological parameters estimated were as

follows: Red blood corpuscles (R.B.C.) RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES (RBC)
The number of red blood corpuscles in the blood was estimated by visual method using
improved double ruling Neubauer haemocytometer as given by plum (1936).
Principle : The RBC number in 1 cu mm. being in lakhs makes the dilution of blood essential
for visual enumeration. This is done by using isotonic diluting fluid, which also prevents
haemolysis. Mercuric chloride in the fluid helps in fixing the cells.
Reagents : The chemicals were dissolved in glass distilled water and final volume was made
up to 200 ml.
Procedure : Well-mixed whole blood was drawn to the 0.5 mark in a red cell diluting pipette
and diluted to 101 mark with R.B.C. diluting fluid. The pipette was shaken for a few
minutes and the first few drops were discarded. The counting chambers of the
haemocytometer were charged with blood mixture from the pipette. The cells were allowed to
settle in the chamber for 1 to 2 minutes and were then counted under the microscope at the
magnification of 675X. The count was made in the five of the 25 small squares of the central
squares. Each small square has an area of 1/25sq. mm.
Calculation : The average number was obtained by dividing the total count by five.
Number of R.B.C. (Per cubic mm) = Average no x 200x25x10
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
RBC
The changes in values of RBC (million/cubic mm.) in various groups are mentioned in table1 and histogram-1.
Group I (Sham-irradiated)
The value of RBC in sham irradiated mice was 11.23 + 0.035.
Group II (CdCl2 ) : A fall in the value of RBC was noted on day-1 (9.76 + 0.027). This
decreasing trend continued up to day-14 (8.10 + 0.023) significantly (p<0.001). The value
rose on day-28 (9.62 + 0.023) which was highly significant when compared with the normal
value (p<0.001).
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1620
Sharma et al.
Group IIIa (3.0 Gy) : The value of RBC declined significantly (p<0.001) on day-1 (8.81 +
0.033). The value further declined on days 2 and 4 and continued to decrease up to day-14
(7.13 + 0.026). On day-28, value increased (9.53 + 0.018) without reaching to the normal
(p<0.001).
Group IIIb (6.0 Gy) : The value of RBC declined significantly (p<0.001) on day-1 (8.23 +
0.026). The value further declined on days 2 and 4 and continued to decrease up to day-14
(6.39 + 0.030). On day-28, value increased (9.24 + 0.023) but still it could not reach to the
normal (p<0.001).
Group IVa (3.0Gy+ CdCl2): The value of RBC decreased significantly (p<0.001) on day-1
(8.52 + 0.028). This decreasing trend in the values was continued up to day-14 (6.27 +
0.018). The value increased on day-28 (9.10 + 0.017) which was statistically significant
(p<0.001) as compared to the normal value.
Group IVb (6.0Gy+ CdCl2) : The value of RBC decreased significantly (p<0.001) on day-1
(7.66 + 0.014). This decreasing trend in the values was continued up to day-14 (6.08 +
0.036). The value increased on day-28 (8.85 + 0.014) which was statistically significant
(p<0.001) in comparison to normal value.
Group V (CdCl2 + Liv.52) : The value of RBC dropped down on day-1 (10.32 + 0.018). The
value further declined on days 2 and 4 (10.19 + 0.036) and (9.89 + 0.036) and continued to
decrease up to day-7 (9.73 + 0.017). On day-14, value increased (9.93 + 0.028) significantly
(p<0.001) and continued so up to day-28 (10.31 + 0.018).
Group VIa (3.0 Gy + Liv.52) : The value of RBC declined significantly (p < 0.02) on day-1
(9.66 + 0.031). This trend of decrease was continued up to day-7 (8.79 + 0.043). On day-14,
value increased (9.71 + 0.015) and continued so upto day-28 (9.81 + 0.023). The difference in
the value was still significant (p<0.02) as compared to the normal.
Group VIb (6.0 Gy + Liv.52): The value of RBC declined significantly (p < 0.001) on day-1
(8.98 + 0.038). This trend of decrease was continued up to day-7 (7.74 + 0.038). On day-14,
value increased (8.75 + 0.018) and continued so up to day-28 (8.93 + 0.013). The difference
in the value was still significant (p<0.001) as compared to the normal.
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1621
Sharma et al.
Group VII a (3.0 Gy + CdCl2 + Liv.52): The value of R.B.C. decreased on day-1 (9.61 +
0.019) significantly (p<0.001) as compared to normal value. This decrease in the value was
continued up to day-7 (8.54 + 0.018) but showed a rise on day -14 (9.32 + 0.010) and
continued so up to day-28 (9.38 + 0.024) but it was still lower than the normal value. The
difference in the value was still significant (p<0.01) in comparison to the normal value.
Group VII b (6.0 Gy + CdCl2 + Liv.52): The value of R.B.C. decreased on day-1 (8.86 +
0.016) significantly (p<0.001) as compared to normal value. This decrease in the value was
continued up to day-7 (6.76 + 0.014) but showed a rise on day -14 (8.38 + 0.028) and
continued so up to day-28 (9.01 + 0.037) but it was still lower than the normal value. The
difference in the value was still significant (p<0.001) in comparison to the normal value
Table-1: Variations in the values of R.B.C (million/cu.mm) of mice in various
experimental groups (Mean S.E.)
Autopsy
intervals
Experimental
Groups
Group II CdCl2
III a (3.0 Gy)

Group
III
III b (6.0 Gy)
IV
IV a (3.0 Gy+CdCl2)
IV b (6.0 Gy+CdCl2)
CdCl2 + Liv. 52
VI a (3.0 Gy + Liv.
52)
VI
VI b (6.0 Gy + Liv.
52)
www.wjpps.com
1-Day
2-Day
4-Day
7-Day
14-Day
28-Day
9.76
0.027
p <0.001
8.81
0.033
p <0.001
8.23
0.026
p <0.001
8.52
0.028
p <0.001
7.66
0.014
p <0.001
10.32
0.018
p <0.05
9.66
0.031
p <0.02
8.98
0.038
p <0.001
9.33
0.036
p <0.001
8.38
0.025
p <0.001
7.60
0.018
p <0.001
7.81
0.028
p <0.001
6.95
0.024
p <0.001
10.19
0.036
p <0.02
9.43
0.042
P <0.001
8.76
0.033
p <0.001
8.70
0.027
p <0.001
7.49
0.033
p <0.001
7.31
0.028
p <0.001
7.24
0.038
p <0.001
6.67
0.039
p <0.001
9.89
0.036
p <0.02
9.30
0.034
p <0.001
7.85
0.038
p <0.001
8.51
0.029
p <0.001
7.33
0.026
p <0.001
6.79
0.025
p <0.001
6.65
0.019
p <0.001
6.43
0.026
p <0.001
9.73
0.017
p <0.02
8.79
0.043
p <0.001
7.74
0.038
p <0.001
8.10
0.023
p <0.001
7.13
0.026
p <0.001
6.39
0.030
p <0.001
6.27
0.018
p <0.001
6.08
0.036
p <0.001
9.93
0.028
p <0.01
9.71
0.015
p <0.001
8.75
0.018
p <0.001
9.62
0.023
p <0.001
9.53
0.018
p <0.001
9.24
0.023
p <0.001
9.10
0.017
p <0.001
8.85
0.014
p <0.001
10.31
0.018
p <0.05
9.81
0.023
p <0.001
8.93
0.013
p <0.001
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1622
Sharma et al.
9.61
9.23
8.88
8.54
9.32
0.019
0.038
0.017
0.018
0.010
p <0.001 p <0.001 p <0.001 p <0.001
p <0.001
8.86
8.48
7.35
6.76
8.38
VII b (6.0 Gy +
0.016
0.023
0.027
0.014
0.028
CdCl2+ Liv. 52)
p <0.001 p <0.001 p <0.001 p <0.001
p <0.001
Values of R.B.C (million/cu.mm) of Sham-irradiated mice-Normal (Group I)= 11.23
VII a (3.0 Gy +
CdCl2+ Liv. 52)
VII
9.38
0.024
p <0.01
9.01
0.037
p <0.01
+
0.035
(i) Normal RBCs and small Neutrophil
(ii)
After 1 day of Cadmium Chloride treatment showing crenation in RBCs and a
complete monocyte.
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1623
Sharma et al.
(iii)
After 1 day of gamma rays (3.0Gy) exposure displaying neutrophil and
lymphocyte. Distorted RBCs are also seen.
(iv) After 4-day (3.0 Gy + Liv.52) showing bursting monocyte and crenated RBCs.
(v)
After 7-days of Cadmium Chloride treatment showing clusters and crenation in
RBCs. Neutrophils are also seen.
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1624
Sharma et al.
(vi)
After 7-days (6.0 Gy + Liv.52) showing a complete neutrophil and lysing
neutrophil.
Variation
in
the
values
of
RBC
(Million/Cu.mm)
of
mice
in
various
experimentalgroups\(MeanS.E.)
12.00
10.00
R.B.C.
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
Group I
Group II
Group III a
Group III b
Group IV a Group IV b
Group V
Group VI a Group VI b Group VII a Group VII b
Experimental groups
Day 1
Day 2
Day 4
Day 7
Day 14
Day 28
RADIOPROTECTIVE MECHANISM OF LIV.52

The exact mechanism by which Liv.52 prevents the animals from radiation induced damage is
not known and secondly, it may not have a single mechanism of radioprotection. It seems
that Liv.52 may protect by different mechanisms bec ause o f it s vario us physio lo g
ical and biochemical properties which are as follows:
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1625
Sharma et al.
1. The depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) has been reported to be one of the causes
of radiation induced damage while increased levels of intracellular GSH are responsible
for the radioprotective action (Revesz et al., 1963). Same mechanism of action of Liv.52
was proposed by Sarkar et al. (1989) who stated that it restores the intracelluar GSH level
to normal in rats exposed to 4.0 Gy of gamma radiation.
2. Saini and Saini (1985a) stated that Liv.52 may neutralize the peroxides formed from
water molecules after irradiation which are toxic and cause the damage to the organs.
3. A significant enhancement in the SH levels in animals treated with Liv.52 has also been
observed by Kumari (1989). It is an established fact that only those compounds are potent
radioprotectors which are having
-SH groups in their structures.
4. Pandey et al. (1994) stated that Liv.52 decreases lipid peroxidation in liver induced by
CCl4 in albino rats. It has also been reported that the drug inhibits the radiation induced
lipid peroxidation in mouse liver (Ganapathi and Jagetia, 1994). They further stated that
radioprotective activity of Liv.52 may be due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by
increasing the levels of -tocopherol and glutathione.
5. Thus, it can be concluded that Liv.52 may inhibit the lipid peroxidation by (i) reducing
the formation of free radicals; (ii) destroying the free radicals already formed; (iii) by
supplying a competitive substrate for unsaturated lipids in the membrane, and (iv)
exudating the repair mechanism of damaged cell membrane.
CONCLUSION
From the present findings following could be concluded:
1. The blood of Swiss albino mice suffered with radiation and cadmium induced changes at
haematological levels.
2. Alterations in the histological structures followed the biochemical changes.
3. The combined treatment of radiation and c ad mi um c hl or id e sh owed syne rg is t i c
changes.
4. The blood of Liv.52 treated animals showed less severe radio lesions and an early and fast
recovery in comparison to non-drug treated animals. Thus, it seems that Liv.52 has
protected the blood at both the dose levels with and without cadmium chloride treatment.
5. The Liv.52 might have protected the animals from radiation by more than one mechanism
due to multiplicity of its properties.
6. Thus, Liv.52 is a good herbal radio protector and can be given to cancer patients during
radiotherapy to minimize the side effects of exposure.
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1626
Sharma et al.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors gratefully acknowledge the facility provided by the Head, Department of Zoology
and Principal, Govt. Dungar College Bikaner. The irradiation facility provided by the
department of Radiotherapy PBM hospital, Nat ional Research Center on Camels
(ICARunit) Bikaner, India, is also gratefully acknowledged.
REFERENCES
1. Bauer R S (1940) Strahlentherapie, 1940; 67: 424.
2. Daga S S, Jain V K and Goyal P K (1995) Radioresponse of Leucocytes In Peripheral
Blood of Mice Against Gamma-radiation And Their Protection by Liv.52. Probe,1995; p.
222.
3. Ellinger F (1957): In Medical Radiation Bio ogy. Charles C Thomas (Ed.), Springfield,
Illinois, USA.
4. Heda G L and Bhatia A L (1986), Histochemi Cal. Changes in Swiss Albino Mice After
Entrauterine Low-level Hio-Exposure, Medical Physics Bulletin, 1986; 11: 390.
5. He in ek e H (1 90 4) , E xp er im en t e ll e Untersuchumgen Uber Die Rondgestrahlen Auf
Innere Organe, Milt. Genzy. Med. Chir., 1 90 4; 4, p. 21.
6. Jacob P S and Jag et ia G C (1992), Vinbla st ine Treat m ent I ncreas es t he
Clastogenic Effects of Radiation in Mouse Bone Marrow, Mutation Research, 1992; 280,
p. 287.
7. Krise G M, Sidney O B and Dorther T R (1961), The Effects of Chronic Whole Body
Gamma Radiation on the Heamatology of the Albino Mice, Pub. Tex. J. Sci., 1961; 13,
No. 1.
8. Kumar S, Joseph C D, Vasudevan D M and Umadevi P (1984), Radiation-induced
Peripheral Blood Changes in Mice and it s Modif icat ion by NW G, Radiobio l.
Radiother., Vol. 25, p. 591.
9. Lim S M, Denardo G L, DeNardo D A, Shen S, Yuan A, O Donnell R T and De Nardo S J
(1977), Prediction of Myelotoxicity Using Ra Diation Doese yo Marrow From Body, Blood
and Marrow Sources, J. Nucl. Med., 1977; 38: 1374.
10. Nabila S S, Desouky O S, Ali S M, Ibrahim I H and Hoda A Ashry (2009), Effect of
Gamma radiation on Some Biophysical Properties of Red Blood Cell Membrane.
Romanian J. Biophys., 2009; 19(3): 171-185, Bucharest.
11. Prakash Hande M, Umadevi P, Jagetia G C a nd
G ho sh MK (19 90), L
ate
Haematological Changes in Mice After in Utero Esposure to Diagnosis X-Rays,
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1627
Sharma et al.
Arohya J. Health Sci., pp. XVI-28.

12. R ug h R an d So mo g yi C (1 96 8) , Heamatological Recovery of the Mouse Following
Fetal x-Radiation, Biol. Bull., 1 96 8; 134, p. 320.
13. Shaheen A A and Hassan S M (1991), Radioprotection of Whole-Body Gamma
Irradiat ion - induced Alterations in Some Haematological Parameters by Cysteine,
Viamin E and Their Combination in Rats, Strhenther, p. 167, Onkol.
14. Thomson J F (1962), Radiation Protection in Mammals, Reinhold Publ., New York.
15. Uma Devi P ( 19 82 ), Hi st oc he mi ca l Changes in House Rat After P32 Internal
Irradiation. Radiobiol, Radiother., 19 82 ;. 23: p. 191.
16. Arvidson B (1980), Regional Differences in Severity of Cadmium Induced Lesions in
The Peripheral Nervous System In Mice, Acta Neuropathol., 1980; 49: 213-224.
17. Axelsson B and Piscator M (1966), Arch. Environ. Hlth., Vol. 12, p. 360.
18. Bache C A, Reid C M, Hoffman D, Adams J D and Lisk D J (1986), Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., Vol. 1986; 36, pp. 272-375.
19. Chaptwala K D, Rajanna B and Desaiah D (1980), Cadmium Induced Changes in
Gluconeogenic Enzymes in Rat Kidney and Liver, Drug and Chem. Toxicol., 1980; 3:
407-420.
20. Cross C E, Ibrahim A B, Ahmed M and Mustafa M C (1970), Environ. Res., Vol. 3,
pp. 512-520.
21. Donaldson W E (1985), Lead Disrupts E xo sa no id Met ab ol is m, Mac ro ph ag e
Faceting And Disease Resistance in Birds, Biol. Trace Element Res., 1985; 7: 255-262.
22. Frib er g L (1 97 4) , C ad mi um i n t h e Environment, pp. 30-31, Pub: CRC Press,
Cleveland.
23. Gupta A, Gupta A, Murthy R C and Chandra S V (1989), Effect of Various Metals on the
-tocopherol Level in Brain, Liver and Plasma Weaned Rats, Proc. VIIIth Natl.
Conf.Soc. Toxicol., Nov. 1989; 25-30, p. 3.
24. Hilmy A H, Shabano M B and Daabes A Y (1985), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Vol. 1985;
81: 139-144.
25. Kazantzis G, Flynn F V, Spowage J S and Trott D (1963), Renal Tubular Malfunction
And Pulmonary Emphysema In Cadmium Pigment Workers, Quart. J. Med.,Vol. 1963;
32:165-192.
26. Muller W U, Streffer C and Kaiser U (1982), T h e
Preimplantation Mouse Embryo in vitro with Cadmium
Co mb in ed
Tre at me nt
of
(CdSO . CdF2) and X Rays,
Arch. Toxicol., 1982; 51, p. 303.

www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1628
Sharma et al.
27. Murata I, Hirono T, Sarki Y and Nakagawa S (1970), Bull. Soc. Int. Chir., 1970; 2, p. 34.
28. Prakash R, Agrawal V P and Nandini (1988a), Ad. Bios., Vol. 7, pp. 85-89.
29. Agarwal M (2010), Protective Efficacy of Aloe Vera Against Radiation and Cadmium
Induced Haematological Changes in Swiss Albino Mice, Ph.D. Thesis, MGS University,
Bikaner, (India.
30. Aslam M and Aslam S (1979), The Anabolic Activity of Liv.52, Probe., 1979; 78, p. 74.
31. Dave D S, Rajput V J, Gupta M R, Jain V K and Lavangikar U (1973), Clinical Evaluation
of Liv. Therapy in Malnutrition During Infancy and Childhood., Probe, Vol. 1, p. 1.
32. Pandey S, Gujarati V R, Shankar K, Singh N and Dhawan K N (1994), HepatoProtetive Effect of Liv.52 Against CCl4 Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Liver of Rats,
Ind. J. Exptl. Biol., 1994; 32, p. 674.
33. Purohit R K, Gupta M L and Saini M R (2002), Role of Liv. 52 Against Radiation
Induced Hepatic Lesions in Swiss Albino Mice, Int. Conf. Emer. Trends In Cancer
Res. SLS, JNU, New Delhi, India, p. 88.
34. Purohit R K, Purohit R, Bhartiya K M, Chakrawarti A and Gupta M L (2008),
Modulation of Radiation And Cadmium Induced Biochemical Changes in the
Jejunum of Swiss Albino Mice by Polybion, Int. J. Low Rad., 2008; 5, No. 3.
35. Purohit R (2007), Protective Role of Liv. 52 Against Radiation and Cadmium Induced
Changes in the Liver of Swiss Albino Mice, A Ph.D. Thesis, Maharaja Ganga Singh
University, Bikaner, India.
36. Mitra S, Bhattacharya K L, Bose A and Chaktabarty K P (1953), Changes in the
Cellular Elements of Blood Following Administration of P 32, Acta Radial., Vol. 40, p.
593.
37. Norris W P, Fritiz T E, Renfeld C E and Poale C M (1966), The Response of Beegle Dog t o
Co ba lt
60
G a mm a
Ra di at io n Determination of LD 50/30 and Description
of as-Sociated Changes Radiat. Res.,1966; 35, p. 681.

38. P ra sa d R (1 98 0) , St u di es o n t h e Haematology of Some Fresh Water Fishes With
Special Reference to Age, Sex and Environment, A Ph.D. Thesis, Patna University,
Patna, India .
39. Sastry K V and Gupta A (1993), Combined Effect of Cadmium and Chromium on Liver
Enzyme Activities in Fresh Water Fish, Channa Punctatus. Proc. 80th Session Ind. Sci.
Cong. Assoc., 1993; p. 125.
40. Verma C L (1991), A Study on the Radio Response of Kidney and Blood in Passer
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1629
Sharma et al.
Domest icus Linn., House Sparrrow,, M.Phill. Dessertation Submitted to MDS

University, Ajmer, India.
41. K ap oo r N (1 97 1) , Ef f e ct s of r ad io - phosphorus (P 32) on Hematology of Swiss
Albino Mice During Post Natal Development, A Ph.D. Thesis Submitted to Rajasthan
University, Jaipur, India.
42. Chaptwala K D, Boykin M, Butts A and Rajanna B (1982), Effect of Intraperitoneally
Injected Cadmium on Renal and Hepatic Gluconeogenic Enzymes in Rats, Drug and
Chemical Toxicology,1982; 5(3): 305-317.
43. Sastry K V and Sharma K (1980), Mercury Induced Haematological and Biochemical
Anomalies in Ophiocephalus, Channa Punctatus, J. Environ. Biol., 1980; Vol. 18, p.
291.
44. Brizle, H.and Fliegel, C. (1965): Reaction derleber of gezielte Bestrahlung.
Strahlentherapie, 1965; 128: 273.
45. Nemesok, J. and Boross, L. (1982): Comparative Studies on the Sensivity of different fish
species to metal pollution Ada Biol. Hung., 1982; 33: 23.
46. Nomiyama, K., Sato, C. and Yamamoto, A. (1973): Early signs of cadmium Intoxication
in Rabbits. Toxicol. And Applied Pharmacology, 1973; 24: 625-635.
47. Tandon,. S.K., Flora, S.J.S., B chari, J.R. and Aslquin M. (1984): Vitamin-B Complex in
treatment of Cadmium intoxication. Ann. Clin. and Lab.Sci., 1984; 14: 487.
48. Tandon, S.K., Behari, J.R. and Singh, S. (1983): Chelation in metal intoxication XIII :
Polyaminocarboxylic acid as chelators in lead poisoning. Bull. Environ, Contam. Toxico.,
1983; 30: 552-558.
49. Tandon, S.K., Singh, S. and Dhawan, D. (1991): Preventive effect of vitamin E in
cadmium intoxication. Biomedical and Environmental Science, 1991; 5: 39-45.
50. Weigel, H.J., Elmadfa, I. and Jager, H.J. (1984): The effect of low doses of dietary
cadmium oxide on the disposition of trace elements (Zinc, Copper and Iron),
Hematological Parameters and Liver Function in Rats. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol,
1984; 13 : 289-296.
51. Shukla, G.S., Srivastava, R.S. and Chandra, S.V. (1988): Prevention of cadmium-induced
effects on Regional Glutathione status of rat brain by vitamin E.J. Appl. Toxicol., 1988; 8
(5): 335-358.
www.wjpps.com
Vol 4, Issue 01, 2015.
1630

Protectve Role of Liv.52 Against Radiation and

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Protectve Role of Liv.52 Against Radiation and

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

SJIF Impact Factor 2.786

Volume 4, Issue 01, 1615-1630.

ISSN 2278 4357