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LUBRICANTS

ADDITIVES AND SELECTION OF LUBRICANTS

THEORY

Additives for lubricants:


The following additives are employed.
i)

Oiliness carriers vegetable oil & fatty acids.

ii)

Extreme pressure additives Organic materials


which contains S, Cl & P

iii)

Viscosity Polystyrene, polyster.

iv)

Viscosity index Hexanol.

v)

Pour point depression Wax, naphthalene.

vi)

Oxidation stability improver Aromatic amines,


phenols.

vii) Corrosion stability improver Organic compound of


phosphorus or antimony.
viii) Foam preventer glycerol, glycol
ix)

Anti wear additives tri- cresyl phosphate

x)

Deposit inhibitors salt of phenol & carboxylic acid.

Selection of lubricant
In selection of lubricant for a particular job, the service
condition requirements are to be related to the properties
of the lubricant.
1

LUBRICANTS

ADDITIVES AND SELECTION OF LUBRICANTS

THEORY

The properties of a properly selected lubricant should not


change under service conditions.
It the properties of chosen lubricant alters, during service,
it may cause certain problems.

Selection of a lubricant for a few typical jobs are illustrated below.

Type of

Operating

Properties

Machinery

Conditions

required in

Example

lubricant
1.

Internal

High temp.

High thermal

Petroleum oils

combustion

Low to high

stability, High

blended with

engine

speed. Low to V.I., Non

above

high press.

property

corrosive,

Good oiliness, improvers.


oxidation
stability,
Moderate
Viscosity &
should act as
seal.
2.

Refrigeration Low temp,


2

Low pour

Naphtenoic

LUBRICANTS

ADDITIVES AND SELECTION OF LUBRICANTS

Moderate

point, Low

load

cloud point,

THEORY

base oil

moderate
viscosity.
3.

Circulating

Water or

High oxidation Petroleum oils

system

steam

resistance,

blended with

turbine,

contact, high

Antifoaming &

additives.

hydraulic

temp.

Anti-rusting
character
medium
viscosity, High
V.I. &
Minimum
emulsification
property.

4.

Gears

High press,

High oiliness,

Proper

high temp,

proper

viscosity

low to high

viscosity, high

petroleum oils

speeds.

oxidation,

blended with

resistance,

additives &

High V.I. Good greases.


antifoaming
property. No
3

LUBRICANTS

ADDITIVES AND SELECTION OF LUBRICANTS

THEORY

dissolution
effect on
rubber seal.
5.

Cutting /

Very high

Low viscosity.

Cutting oil

drilling

press, high

High oiliness,

(Vegetable oil

temp.

Anticorrosive

in water with

nature,

emulsifier)

coolant,

mixed with

Extreme

additive.

press.
Additives
6.

Transformers Insulation,

Low viscosity,

Highly refined

heat transfer,

High dielectric Petroleum oil.

higher temp

property, High

in on load

oxidation

condition.

resistance,
Good
chemical
stability.

7.

Tractor roller, Expreme

Very high

1. Graphite,

lathecrane

press

thermal

2 , Soaps

pulleys

High temp.

stability, Non-

in the form of

Low speed

inflammable,

Suspension in

LUBRICANTS

ADDITIVES AND SELECTION OF LUBRICANTS

Soft, Reactive

THEORY

oil & waters.

on metal
surface to

2. Petroleum

form inorganic oil with


compounds

E.P.additive.

film of soft
nature.
8.

Delicate

Low load,

Low to

Vegetable oil,

instruments

High Speed.

moderate

Animal oil,

viscosity,

Low viscosity

Nonvolatile,

Petroleum

Low pour

oils.

poing.
9.

Steam

Steam

High oiliness

engine

contact, high

Less

cylinder

temp, high

emulsification

press

with water.
High V.I.

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