Lehmann IA SSM Ch9

Chapter 9
Radical Functions
Homework 9.1
1.
3.
33.
( 2 x + 5)8 = ( 2 x + 5 )8/ 2 = ( 2 x + 5)4
35.
(6 x + 3)5
x 2 = x 2/ 5
3
x =x
3/ 4
1/ 2
x=x
5.
(6 x + 3)4 (6 x + 3)
(6 x + 3)4
= ( 6 x + 3)
6x + 3
6x + 3
7.
( 2 x + 9 )3/ 7 = 7 ( 2 x + 9 )3
37.
27 = 3
9.
(3x + 2 )4 = (3x + 2 )4 / 7
39.
x 6 = x 6 / 6 = x1 = x
41.
8x3 = 3 8 3 x3 = 2 x
43.
32 x5 = 5 32 5 x5 = 2 x
45.
81x12 = 4 81 4 x12 = 3x 3
11.
(7 x + 4 )1/ 2 =
7x + 4
13.
49 = 7
15.
50 = 25 2 = 25 2 = 5 2
17.
x 2 = x 2/ 2 = x1 = x
47.
x17 = x12 x5 = x12 x5 = x 2
19.
x8 = x8/ 2 = x 4
49.
125 x17 = 3 125 x15 x 2
36 x = 36 x = 6 x
23.
5x2 = 5 x2 = x 5
25.
x 9 = x 8 x = x8 x = x 4 x
27.
24 x5 = 4 6 x 4 x
= 2x
29.
51.
= 16 5 x 2 x y 8
31.
x5
64 x 40 y 7 = 5 32 2 x 40 y 5 y 2
= 2 x8 y 5 2 y 2
80 x3 y8 = 16 5 x 2 x y 8
= 4 xy
= 5 32 5 2 5 x 40 5 y 5 5 y 2
6x
= 5 x5 3 x 2
= 4 6 x4 x
2
= 3 125 3 x15 3 x 2
21.
5x
200 x3 y 5 = 100 2 x 2 x y 4 y
= 100 2 x 2 x y 4 y
= 10 xy 2 2 xy
275
53.
(6 xy )5 = (6 xy )5/ 5 = (6 xy )1 = 6 xy
55.
(3x + 6 )4 = (3x + 6 )4 / 4 = (3x + 6 )1 = 3x + 6
57.
( 4 x + 7 )20 = ( 4 x + 7 )20 / 5 = ( 4 x + 7 )4
59.
( x + 7 )24 = ( x + 7 )24 / 4 = ( x + 7 )6
Homework 9.1
61.
SSM: Intermediate Algebra
( 2 x + 9 )31 = 6 ( 2 x + 9 )30 ( 2 x + 9 )
=
( 2 x + 9 )30 6 2 x + 9
= (2 x + 9)
5 6
75. a.
d=
3h
3h 2
3h 2
6h
=
=
=
2
2
2
2
22
b.
d=
6h
2
2x + 9
63.
x 6 = x 6 /8 = x3/ 4 = 4 x3
65.
x4 = x4 / 6 = x2 / 3 = 3 x2
67.
12
( 2 x + 7 )10 = ( 2 x + 7 )10 /12

= (2 x + 7 )
5/ 6
2
8700
=
2
10 87
=
2
= 5 87 46.64 miles
The distance to the horizon from the top of
the Sears Tower is roughly 46.64 miles.
= 6 (2x + 7)
69.
x14 = x14 / 6
= x7 / 3
3
= x7
3
= x6 x
3
= x6 3 x
= x2 3 x
71.
c.
27 = 33
= 3
16 x8 = 10 16 10 x8
=
10
42 10 x8
= 42 /10 x8 /10
= 41/ 5 x 4 / 5
5
= 4 x
= 4x
6h
2
6 (30, 000 )
2
180, 000
=
2
300 2
=
2
= 150 2 212.13 miles
The distance to the horizon from the plane is
roughly 212.13 miles.
= 31/ 2
10
d=
=
= 33/ 6
73.
6 (1450 )
77. Answers will vary.
79.
abc = n a bc
= n a n bc
= n a n bc
=na nb
276
Homework 9.2

81.
a.
Homework 9.2
1. 4 x + 5 x = ( 4 + 5 ) x = 9 x
i.
3. 2.3 x 4.8 x = ( 2.3 4.8 ) x = 2.5 x

5. 3 5 x + 2 3 x 6 3 x + 7 5 x
) (
= 3 5 x + 7 5 x + 2 3x 6 3x
ii.
= (3 + 7 ) 5 x + ( 2 6 ) 3 x
= 10 5 x 4 3 x
iii.
7. 2 x + 5 3 x 5 x = 2 x 5 x + 5 3 x
= ( 2 5) x + 5 3 x
b.
= 3 x + 5 3 x
9.
The graphs in (a) coincide with the graph of

y = x.
6 3 x 1 33 x 1 2 x 1
= ( 6 3) 3 x 1 2 x 1
= 33 x 1 2 x 1
c.
11. 5 x + 3 x + 4 3 x + 2 3 x
= (5 + 3 ) x + ( 4 + 2 ) 3 x
i.
= 8 x + 63 x
13.
3.7 4 x 1.14 x 4.2 6 x + 4.2 6 x

= (3.7 1.1) 4 x + ( 4.2 + 4.2 ) 6 x
ii.
= 2.6 4 x
) (
15. 3 7 x + 2
iii.
x +2
= 3 7 3 x + 3 2 x 2
= 21 3 x + 6 x 2
d.
= 3 x x + 21 + 6 2
= ( 3 1) x + ( 21 + 6 2 )
= 4 x + 25
The graphs in (c) coincide with the graph of

y= x .
17. 5 2 x + 4 = 5 2 x 5 4
= 10 x 20
83. Answers will vary. See Key Points.
277
Homework 9.2
19.
) (
x +1 7
x 1
33.
16 x11 3 x 4 x 7 = 4 16 x8 x3 3 x 4 x 4 x 3
= 7 3 x + 7 1 7 3 x 7 ( 1)
= 4 16 x8 4 x3 3 x 4 x 4 4 x3
= 73 x + 7 73 x + 7
= 2 x 2 4 x 3 3 x 2 4 x3
= 73 x 73 x + 7 + 7
= ( 2 3) x 2 4 x3
= 14
= x 2 4 x3
25 x + 4 x = 25 x + 4 x
21.
35. 3 x 2 x = 3 2 x x
=5 x +2 x
= 6 x x
=7 x
= 6 x2
23. 3 20 x + 2 45 x = 3 4 5 x + 2 9 5 x
= 6x
= 3 4 5x + 2 9 5x
37. 2 5 x 4 3 x = 2 4 5 x 3 x
= 3 2 5x + 2 3 5x
= 8 5 x 3 x
= 6 5x + 6 5x
= 8 15 x 2
= 12 5 x
= 8 15 x 2
25. 5 x3 x 49 x = 5 x 2 x x 49 x
= 8 x 15
= 5 x 2 x x 49 x
39. 2 7 x
= 5x x 7 x x
7 x + 2x = 2 7 x 7 x + 2 7 x 2x
= 2 7x 7x + 2 7x 2x
= (5 7 ) x x
= 2 49 x 2 + 2 14 x 2
= 2 x x
2
= 2 49 x 2 + 2 14 x 2
27. 3 81x 2 100 x = 3 9 x 2 10 x
= 2 7 x + 2 x 14
= 27 x 20 x
= 14 x + 2 x 14
= 7x
12 x3 + x 75 x = 4 x 2 3 x + x 25 3 x
29.
41.
= 4 x 2 3 x + x 25 3x
31.
(6 2 x )(5
x 4
= 2 x 3 x + 5 x 3x
= 6 5 x 2 x 5 x 6 4 2 x ( 4 )
= (2 + 5) x 3x
= 30 x 10 x 2 24 + 8 x
= 7 x 3x
= 10 x + 30 x + 8 x 24
= 10 x + 38 x 24
27 x5 x 8 x 2 = 27 x3 x 2 x 8 x 2
43.
= 3 27 x3 3 x 2 x 3 8 3 x 2
(2
)(
x +1
x 4
= 3x 3 x 2 2 x 3 x 2
= 2 x x + 1 x 2 x 4 1 4
= (3 2 ) x 3 x 2
= 2 x2 + x 8 x 4
= 2 x + (1 8 ) x 4
= x 3 x2
= 2x 7 x 4
278
Homework 9.2
45.
(1 x )(1 + x ) = 1 ( x )
47.
49.
(5 + 6 x )
x +5
)(
) ( x)
x 5 =
61. 5 x
= 1 x
2 x 4 = 5 x
2 x 5 x ( 4 )
= 5 x 4 2 4 x + 20 x
(5 ) = x 25
2
= 5 4 2 x1/ 2 x1/ 4 + 20 x
1
) ( )
x +6 ( x)
= 52 + 2 ( 5 ) 6 x + 6 x
= 25 + 60
= 5 2 x
(7
63.
) = (7 x ) 2 (7 x )(1) + (1)
= 7 ( x ) 14 x + 1
x 1
(4
x +5
65.
) = ( x)
x +1
x 2
55.
) = ( x)
x +1
+2
67.
x+3 x
5 2
+
x10 10
59.
4 5
x = x x = x
1
5
=x x
( x )( x ) + ( x )
3
1
3
+ 3 x2
69.
(2
)(
x 6 33 x + 1
= 2 x 3 3 x 6 3 3 x + 2 x 1 6 1
= 6 x1/ 2 x1/ 3 18 3 x + 2 x 6
= 6x 2
= 5 x5 x 2 = 5 x5
5
+2
= x + 212 x 7 + 3 x 2
1
3
= x1/ 2 + 2 x 7 /12 + 3 x 2
= x 7 /10
= 10 x 7
5
( x )(2 ) + (2 )
= x2 / 4 + 2 x 4
( x )(1) + (1)
1
= 4 x 2 + 2 x1/ 4 x1/ 3 + 3 x 2
x 5 x = x1/ 2 x1/ 5 = x 2
( x )(1) + (1)
) = ( x)
= x + 2 x +1
57.
= 16 x + 40 x + 25
2
+2
) = ( x)
= 3 x2 4 3 x + 4
) = ( 4 x ) + 2 ( 4 x ) ( 5 ) + (5 )
= 4 ( x ) + 40 x + 25
2
+ 20 x
= 3 x2 + 2 3 x + 1
= 49 x 14 x + 1
53.
+ 20 x
= 5 4 2 x3 + 20 x
= 36 x + 60 x + 25
51.
3/ 4
1
4
= 5 4 2 4 x3 + 20 x
= 25 + 60 x + 36 x
= 5 4 2 x 2
1
3
18 3 x + 2 x 6
= 6 x5 / 6 18 3 x + 2 x 6
x2
= 6 6 x5 18 3 x + 2 x 6
= 6 6 x5 + 2 x 18 3 x 6
71.
(3
)(
) (
x + 5 34 x 5 = 34 x
= 32
(5 )
( x)
4
= 9 x 25
279
25
Homework 9.3
2 (1483 )
c.
x1/ 2
= x2
x1/ 3
1
3
= x6
c.
d.
Homework 9.3
1.
2
3
3.
8
x
Y = 9 x +7 5 x 5
=
Thus, the two expressions are 5 x + 5 and

4 x +2.
5.
1/ 4
1
1
+
x3 4
4
= x12
=x
3
5x
( 3)
2 3
3
8
x
( x)
8 x
x
3
280
8 x
3
12
= 12 x 7
2 3
7 /12
=
=
Y = 4 x +2
=
=
5 x +5+Y = 9 x + 7
x 7 x = 57 x5+ 7 = 35 x12
81. Answers will vary. See Key Points.
= x6 = 6 x
W = 5 x +5
Plug this into one of the original equations:
x x=x
k = 3, n = 4
x 4 x = 34 x3+ 4 = 12 x 7
The results are the same.
2W = 10 x + 10
79. a.
x4 x
2W = 9 x + 7 + x + 3
1/ 3
k
n k
= n k x n + k
W Y = x +3
Adding the two equations together will eliminate
the Y terms and yield:
= x n k
77. Begin by letting the two expressions be denoted

by W and Y. We know the following from the
problem statement:
W +Y = 9 x + 7
1
n
n+k
2
6
= x n k
f is an increasing function. This makes sense

because the higher an object is, the longer it
should take to fall to the ground.
x
x n x = x1/ k x1/ n
= xk
2966
9.6
32.2
32.2
The parachutist was in freefall for roughly
9.6 seconds. This is an underestimate
because the chute would slow down his
descent.
f (1483 ) =
b.
200
2.49
32.2
32.2
It takes roughly 2.49 seconds for an object
to fall 100 feet.
b.
2 (100 )
f (100 ) =
73. a.
75.
5x
5x
5x
3 5x
5x
3 5x
5x
Homework 9.3
7.
5
2 x
5
2 x
2
3 2x
13.
2x
2
x
4 2x
=
3 2x
2 2x
3x
2x
x
x
3
x
3
3x
3
( x)
2 x
x
7
2
2
3
=
=
72
( 2)
14
2
281
x4
2 x
21.
( 3)
19.
3 x
x
2
( x)
x
=
3
17.
2 x
2x
7
7
=
2
2
=
2x
4 2x
3 2x
3
4
=
x
( x)
11.
5x
2x
9.
2
=
x
15.
5 x
2
3
x4
x4
3 x4
x4
3
25
25
2 25
5 25
3
2 25
3
125
3
x4
3 x4
x4
2 25
5
Homework 9.3
23.
5
3
16
53 x
4x
53 4
=
4
53 x
x2
x2
5 x x
3
4 x
5 x
31.
x
x
=
=
=
2x
2 x2 4 x
6 4x
3
8x3
63 4x
3
33.
8 3 x3
63 4x
=
2x
2
x
1
2
x
2
3
+
x6 6
x
x
5/ 6
x
6
=
=
=
282
x
1/ 2
( x)
x3
33 4x
=
x
63 4x
3
7 4 4x
2x
4x
4x
16 4 x 4
=
3
16 x 4
7 4 4x
6
3
1/ 3
4 3 x2
5x
4x
4 x3 4 x
7 4 4x
4 3 x2
4x
7 4x
64
4x
16 4
5 4
2x
16
29.
5 4
3
27.
=
=
25.
x5
x
5
5
2
x3
5
5
2
x3
x2
x2
2 x2
x3 x 2
2 x2
5
5
x5
2 x2
x
Homework 9.3
35.
4
9x
=
=
=
=
4
4
9x
4
9 x2
4
41.
9x2
9 x2
4 9 x2
9x 9x
36 x 2
81x 4
37.
3
4 x4
=
=
=
=
43.
5
5
x 7
45.
x
x 1
4 x4
3
4 x4
5
( 4 )2 (
82 7
16 7
82 7
9
1
4 x4 8x
24 x
32 x5
47.
3 x
4 x 5
( x)
24 x
=
2x
x +7
x +7
(7 )
x +7
x 49
x
x 1
x +1
x +1
x x + x 1
( x)
(1)
x+ x
x 1
=
=
1 x + 1 7
3 8x
x 7
8x
8x
4 7
24 2 7
=
5
4+ 7 4 7
5
5
6x
3x
4+ 7
=
=
62 x 2
3x
62 / 4 x 2 / 4
=
3x
1/ 2 1/ 2
6 x
=
3x
=
3 x
4 x +5
4 x 5 4 x +5
3 x 4 x + 3 x 5
( 4 x ) (5 )
12 ( x ) + 15 x
=
4 ( x ) 25
2
39.
1
5+ 3
=
=
5 3
5+ 3 5 3
1 5 1 3
(5 )2 (
5 3
25 3
5 3
22
283
12 x + 15 x
16 x 25
Homework 9.3
49.
2 x
3 x 7
=
=
2 x
3 x +7
57.
3 x 7 3 x +7
2 x 3 x + 2 x 7
2
51.
x 5
x +5
6 x + 14 x
9 x 49
x 5
x +5
( x)
=
x 5
( x ) (5 ) + ( 5 )
( x ) (5 )
2
(3 x ) ( 7 )
2
18
( x)
32
( 4 )2 (
=
=
4 x + x + 12 + 3 x
16 x
x + 7 x + 12
16 x
3 x 1
2 x + 5 3 x +1
3 x 1 3 x +1
(3 x )
( x)
(1)
( x)
6 x + 17 x + 5
9x 1
284
5
3
x2
x2
5 3 x2
3
x x2
5 3 x2
3
x3
5 3 x2
x
x
x x
=
3
3
x
=
+ 2 x + 15 x + 5
3
=
63.
2 x 3 x + 2 x 1 + 5 3 x + 5 1
( x)
18 x + 6 7 x + 3 5 x + 35
9x 7
x 4 + x x + 3 4 + 3 x
+ 6 7 x + 3 5 x + 57
x 3 x 2 = 3 x3 .
x +3 4+ x
53.
=
4 x 4 x 4+ x
2 x +5
61. Answers may vary. The student did not

rationalize the denominator correctly. For the
radicand in the denominator to be a perfect cube,
x needs to be multiplied by x 2 to yield
x +3
55.
6 x 3 x + 6 x 7 + 5 3 x + 5 7
x 10 x + 25
x 25
6 x+ 5 3 x+ 7
3 x 7 3 x+ 7
59. Student 1 did the work correctly. Student 2s

error was to square the entire expression. This
changes the value of the expression.
x 5
3 x 7
=
(3 x ) ( 7 )
6 ( x ) + 14 x
=
3 ( x ) 49
2
6 x+ 5
x2
3 x
x
3 x
Homework 9.4
65.
x+2 x
=
2
=
=
=
67.
3x
+ 1x
2
2
x+2 + x
2
x+2 + x
x=
2
6 5
2
2
2
6 10
2
= 3 10
71. Answers may vary.
x
x
3x
1.
Determine the conjugate of the denominator.
2
x
x
x
+ 1x
2.
Multiply the original fraction by the fraction

conjugate
conjugate
3.
Find the product of the fractions and

simplify.
x 3 2
x
x 3
x
2
Homework 9.4
x +1
x
x
1.
y=2 x
x
0
1
4
9
16
x +1
x 3
2 x +1
x 3 2 x 1
2 x + 1 2 x 1
y
0
2
4
6
8
y
8
4
x 2 x x 1 3 2 x 3 ( 1)
(2 x )
(1)
3.
2x x 6 x + 3
=
4x 1
=
6 5
x 3
x
2 x +1
x
x+2x
x 2 =6 5
1
x
x+2+ x
x
3x
x
2 x
+ 1x
x
x 2 = 9 5 3 5
) ( x)
2( x + 2 + x )
x+2
=
1
x
2
x
69. x 2 + 3 5 = 9 5
x+2 x x+2+ x
2
x+2+ x
y
0
1
2
3
4
4
8
285
y= x
x
0
1
4
9
16
2x 7 x + 3
4x 1
Homework 9.4
5.

13.
y = x +3
x
0
1
4
9
16
y
3
4
5
6
7
x
2
1
2
7
14
8
4
7.
15.
y
0
1
5
2
8 1
3
13
2
20 2
17.
11.
y = x2
y
0
1
2
3
4
19.
y
8
4
8
4
y = 2 x + 3 4
y
4
4
4
8
286
y
2
3
4
5
6
x
y
3 4
2 6
1 8
6 10
13 12
x
2
3
6
11
18
y = x+3 +2
x
3
2
1
6
13
1
x4
2
x
4
y = 3 x + 4
x y
0 4
1 1
4 2
9 5
16 8
y=
9.
y
0
1
2
3
4
y = 2 x 5
x y
0 5
1 3
4 1
9 1
16 3
y = x+2
Homework 9.4

21.
29.
y = 4 x 1 + 3
x y
1 3
2 7
5 11
10 15
17 19
x
0
1
4
9
16
16
8
23.
y
2
3
4
5
6
y
4
3
2
1
0
31.
x
y
5 4
4 2
1 0
4 2
11 4
y
4
Domain: x 5
Range: y 4
33. a.
a < 0, h = 0, and k > 0
b.
a > 0, h < 0, and k < 0
16
c.
a > 0, h < 0, and k > 0
d.
a < 0, h > 0, and k = 0
y =3 x+4
35. Answers may vary. One example: For the family

of curves y = a x h + k , k = 3 , and h = 6 .
1 1
Let a = 4, 3, 2, 1, , ,1, 2,3, and 4 .
2 2
y = 2 x
y
0
2
4
6
8
2y 6 x = 8
x
0
1
4
9
16
y = 2 x + 5 + 4
2y = 6 x + 8
27.
Domain: x 0
Range: y 2
x y
0 4
1 7
4 10
9 13
16 16
x+y=4
x
0
1
4
9
16
y = x +4
25.
y = x+2
37. If a < 0 , f has a maximum point at ( h, k ) . If
a > 0 , f has a minimum point at ( h, k ) .
Domain: x 0
Range: y 0
39.
f (4 ) = 7 4 3
= 723
= 11
287
Homework 9.4
41.
f (9 c ) = 7 9 c 3
53. h ( x ) =
= 7 3 c 3
= 21 c 3
43. h ( x ) =
) (
x +3 +
=
x 5
5 x 9
4 x +1
5 x 9 4 x 1
4 x + 1 4 x 1
5 x 4 x 5 x 1 9 4 x + 9 1
(4 x )
= x + 3+ x 5
= 2 x 2
45. h ( x ) =
) (
x 5
x 3
= x x 53
= 8
47. h ( x ) =
(
(
20 x 41 x + 9
16 x 1
) (
x +5
( x)
) (
57. h ( x ) = 2 x + 3 5 2 x 3 5
x +5
2
x + 5 x + 3 x + 15
x 25
x + 8 x + 15
x 25
=6 5
) (
59. h ( x ) =
=
2 x 3 5
2 x +3 5
2 x 3 5 2 x 3 5
2 x +3 5 2 x 3 5
(2 x )
=
49. h ( x ) = 5 x 9 + 4 x + 1
= 5 x 9 + 4 x +1
= 9 x 8
) (
51. h ( x ) = 4 x + 1 5 x 9
= 2 x +3 5 2 x +3 5
(5 )
=4 x
= 2 x 3 5 + 2 x +3 5
x x + x 5 + 3 x + 35
20 x 5 x 36 x + 9
16 x 1
)
x 5)
x 5
55. h ( x ) = 2 x 3 5 + 2 x + 3 5
x +3
x +3
(1)
61. h ( x ) =
= 4 x +1 5 x + 9
)( ) ( )
( 2 x ) (3 5 )
2 2 x 3 5 + 3 5
2
4 x 12 5 x + 45
4 x 45
) (
x +1 2 +
x +1 + 2
= x +1 2 + x +1 + 2
= x + 10
= 2 x +1
63. h ( x ) =
) (
x +1 + 2
x +1 2
= x +1 + 2 x +1 + 2
=4
288
Homework 9.5
65. h ( x ) =
=
(
=
79. Answers may vary. The graph of f can be found

by translating the graph of y = a x horizontally
x +1 2
x +1 + 2
x +1 2
x +1 + 2
x +1
by h units (left if h < 0 and right if h > 0 ), and
x +1 2
vertically by k units (up if k > 0 and down if
x +1 2
) 2 ( x + 1 )(2 ) + (2 )
( x + 1) (2)
2
k < 0 ).
Homework 9.5
x =5
1.
x +1 4 x +1 + 4
x +1 4
x 4 x +1 + 5
=
x 3
=
( x)
= 52
x = 25
Check x = 25
?
67. a. The square root model would fit best

because it continues to increase slowly. The
quadratic function would reach a peak and then
start to decrease.
( 25) = 5
5 = 5 true
The solution is 25.
x = 2
3.
( x)
b.
( 4 ) = 2
?
2 = 2 false
There are no real solutions.
S ( 23) = 3.9 23 + 280 298.70

The average test score in 2005 would be
about 299.
69.
f ( 6 ) = 0
71.
f (0 ) = 2.4
5. 3 x 1 = 5
3 x =6
x =2
( x)
= 22
x=4
Check x = 4
73. x = 6
75. x = 3
77.
x=4
Check x = 4
S ( 20 ) = 3.9 20 + 280 297.44

The average test score in 2002 would be
about 297.
c.
= ( 2 )
f ( x ) = 2 x + 3 + 2; g ( x ) = 2 x + 3 + 2
(4) 1= 5
5 = 5 true
The solution is 4.
7. 4 5 x = 2 x 10
7 x = 14
x =2
The graph looks like a parabola that opens to the

right. The relation is not a function because it
would fail the vertical line test.
( x)
= 22
x=4
Check x = 4
289
Homework 9.5
45
15.
( 4 ) = 2 ( 4 ) 10
10 6 x + 3 = 100
6 x + 3 = 10
6 = 6 true
The solution is 4.
6x + 3
x=
7x = 2
= 22
Check x =
?
97
10 6 + 3 =100
6
100 = 100 true
97
The solution is
.
6
4
7
4
7
?
4
4
3 7 24 = 9 7
7
7
18
18
true
=
4
The solution is .
7
x 1
(2
1 x
) = ( 5)
2
4 (1 x ) = 5
4 4x = 5
= ( 8 )
4 x = 1
5 x 7 = 64
x=
5 x = 71
Check x =
2 1 x = 5
5 x 7 = 8
x=
19. 2 1 x 5 = 0
2 = 2 true
The solution is 5.
2x + 6
4 = 4 true
The solution is 5.
3 ( 5 ) + 1 = 2 (5 ) + 6
(5 ) 1 = 2
5x 7
) =(
?
= 22
x=5
Check x = 5
3x + 1
3x + 1 = 2 x + 6
x=5
Check x = 5
x 1 = 4
13.
3x + 1 = 2 x + 6
17.
x 1 = 2
11.
97
6
97
6
Check x =
7x = 4
x=
= 102
6 x = 97
12 7 x = 24
7x
6 x + 3 = 100
9. 3 7 x 24 = 9 7 x
71
5
Check x =
71
5
1
4
1
4
?
1
2 1 5 = 0
4
0 = 0 true
1
The solution is .
4
?
71
5 7 = 8
5
?
8 = 8 false
290
Homework 9.5
12 x + 13 = 9 x 2 12 x + 4
21. 4.91 3.18 x 7.14 = 2.19

3.18 x 7.14 =
3.18 x 7.14
2.19
4.91
9 x 2 24 x 9 = 0
2.19
=
4.91
2.19
3.18 x 7.14 =
4.91
3 (3 x + 1)( x 3) = 0
3 x + 1 = 0 or x 3 = 0
2.19
3.18 x = 7.14 +
4.91
1
or x = 3
3
1
Check x =
3
x=
2.19
7.14 +
4.91
x=
3.18
x = 2.3078
Check x = 2.3078
?
1
1
12 + 13 + 2 = 3
3
3
?
12 (3) + 13 + 2 = 3 (3)
4.91 3.18 ( 2.3078 ) 7.14 = 2.19
9 = 9 true
The solution is 3.
2.19 = 21.19 true

The solution is approximately 2.3078.
3x + 3
3x + 4 x = 3
27.
3x + 3 = x 5
3x + 4 = x + 3
= ( x 5)
3 x + 3 = x 10 x + 25
3x + 4
x 13 x + 22 = 0
x 11 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x=
x = 11 or x = 2
Check x = 11
6 = 6 true
Check x = 2
29.
3 (2 ) + 3 = (2 ) 5
?
3 = 3 false
The solution is 11.
(3)2 4 (1)(5 )
2 (1)
x2 5x + 1 = x 3
x2 5 x + 1
= ( x 3)
x2 5x + 1 = x2 6 x + 9
Check x = 8
12 x + 13 + 2 = 3 x
x=8
?
12 x + 13 = 3 x 2
2
3 11
2
3 (11) + 3 = (11) 5
= ( x + 3)
12 x + 13
x 2 + 3x + 5 = 0
( x 11)( x 2 ) = 0
3x + 4 = x 2 + 6 x + 9
25.
5 = 1 false
Check x = 3
23.
3 3x 2 8 x 3 = 0
(8)2 5 (8) + 1 = (8) 3
= (3 x 2 )
5 = 5 true
The solution is 8.
291
Homework 9.5
2 + x = x + 12
31.
(2 + x ) = (
2
x + 12
x 2 x = 1
35.
2x = x + 1
4 + 4 x + x = x + 12
( x 1)2 = ( 2
= 22
x=4
Check x = 4
x=
4 = 4 true
The solution is 4.
) =(
x 1
5 x
1.00 = 1 true
Check 3 2 2 ( x 0.172 )
(0.172 )
x2 4 x + 4 = x
0.172 = 1 false
The solution is 3 + 2 2 .
( x 4 )( x 1) = 0
x 4 = 0 or x 1 = 0
5 (4)
x +1
) = (
2
x 7
x + 1 = x + 14 x + 49
1 = 1 true
Check x = 1
?
x +1 = x 7
37.
x = 4 or x = 1
Check x = 4
(1) 1 =
2 (0.172 ) = 1
?
x2 5x + 4 = 0
(4) 1=
2 (5.83 ) = 1
?
x2= x
( 6 )2 4 (1)(1)
2 (1)
(5.83)
2x 4 = 2 x
x
( 6 )
6 32
2
= 3 2 2
Check 3 + 2 2 (x 5.83)
x 2 x +1 = 5 x
( x 2 )2 = (
x 1 = 5 x
x2 6 x + 1 = 0
( 4 ) = ( 4 ) + 12
33.
x2 2x + 1 = 4x
2+
x +1
x 1 = 2 x
x =2
( x)
2x = x + 2 x + 1
4 x =8
2
) =(
2x
14 x = 48
7 x 24
5 (1)
(7 x )
0 = 2 false
The solution is 4.
= ( 24 )
49 x = 576
576
49
576
Check x =
49
x=
( x 11.76 )
(11.76 ) + 1 = (11.76 ) 7
?
3.57 = 10.43 false

292
Homework 9.5
x3 + x+5 = 4
39.
43.
2 x 1 + 3x 2 = 2
x3 = 4 x+5
x3
) = (4
2
x+5
2 x 1 = 2 3x 2
2x 1
(4
x+5 = 3
= 32
4 = 4 true
) =(
2
2 ( 41) 1 + 3 ( 41) 2 = 2
x+6+2
20 = 2 false
?
2 (1) 1 + 3 (1) 2 = 2
x4 = x+6+4 x+6 +4
4 x + 6 = 14
2 = 2 true
The solution is 1.
7
x+6 =
2
7
=
2
49
x+6 =
4
25
x=
4
25
Check x =
4
x+6
x = 41 or x = 1
Check x = 41
x4 = x+6+2
x4
= ( x + 3)
( x 41)( x 1) = 0
x 41 = 0 or x 1 = 0
x 2 42 x + 41 = 0
(4) 3 + (4) + 5 = 4
41.
48 x 32 = x 2 + 6 x + 9
x=4
The solution is 4.
3x 2
16 (3 x 2 ) = x 2 + 6 x + 9
x+5 = 9
Check x = 4
3x 2
4 3x 2 = x + 3
8 x + 5 = 24
x+5
2 x 1 = 4 4 3x 2 + 3x 2
x 3 = 16 8 x + 5 + x + 5
) = (2
45.
x 2 =3
x 2
) =3
2
x 2=9
x = 11
( x)
= 112
x = 121
Check x = 121
25
25
4= +6 +2
4

4
3 ? 11
=
false
2 2
?
(121) 2 = 3
3 = 3 true
The solution is 121.
47.
1
x
+ x =2
+ x = x 2
x
x
293
Homework 9.5
1+ x = 2 x
(1 + x )2 = ( 2
51. 3 x + 4 7 x + 1
3 x 7 x + 4 +1
(3 7 )
1 + 2 x + x2 = 4x
4 x + 5
x2 2 x + 1 = 0
( x 1)( x 1) = 0
53. 3 x + 4 7 x + 1 = 7
x 1 = 0
4 x + 5 = 7
x =1
4 x = 12
Check x = 1
?
1
+ (1) = 2
(1)
x =3
( x)
2 = 2 true
The solution is 1.
1
49.
x+2
x+2
1
x+2
Check x = 9
3
= 3 x + 2
= x + 2 3 x + 2
x=9
?
(9 ) + 4 7 (9 ) + 1 = 7
The solution is 9.
55.
3 x+2 = x+3
2
= 32
1= 3 x+2 x2
3 x+2
x + ( 4 + 1)
7 = 7 true
x +3
)(
x +1 = 3
x x + 3 x + x 1 + 3 1 = 3
= ( x + 3)
x+3 x + x +3= 3
9 ( x + 2) = x2 + 6 x + 9
x+4 x =0
9 x + 18 = x + 6 x + 9
4 x = x
(4 x )
x 3x 9 = 0
x=
=
( 3 )
( 3)2 4 (1)( 9 )
2 (1)
x 2 16 x = 0
x ( x 16 ) = 0
3+3 5
Check
2
?
1
=3
( 4.85 ) + 2
x = 0 or x 16 = 0
( x 4.85 )
Check x = 0
( 4.85 ) + 2
0.382 = 0.382 true

33 5
2
1
( 1.8541) + 2
16 x = x 2
3 3 5
2
Check
= ( x )
=3
( 1.8541) + 2
3 = 3 true
(16 ) + 3) ( (16 ) + 1) = 3
?
The solution is 0.
2.62 = 2.62 true

The solutions are
(0 ) + 3) ( (0 ) + 1) = 3
Check x = 16
( x 1.8541)
x = 0 or x = 16
33 5
.
2
294
35 = 3 false
Homework 9.5
57.
x +3
)(
63.
x +1
3x 2 x + 8 = 0
x x + 3 x + x 1 + 3 1
3x 2 = x + 8
x+3 x + x +3
x+4 x +3
59.
f ( x ) = 3x 2 x + 8
3x 2
x7 = 0
Check x = 5
3 (5 ) 2
= 02
x=5
?
(5 ) + 8 = 0
0 = 0 true
The x-intercept is (5, 0 ) .
x7 = 0
x=7
Check x = 7
5
x+8
2 x = 10
5 x7 = 0
x7
3x 2 = x + 8
f (x) = 5 x 7
) =(
(7 ) 7 = 0
0 = 0 true
65. h ( x ) = 2 x + 4 + 3 x 5
2 x+ 4 +3 x5 = 0
2 x + 4 = 3 x 5
(2
61. h ( x ) = 3 3 x + 4 15
3 3 x + 4 15 = 0
x+4
3 x + 4
=5
5 x = 61
x=
Check x =
3 x + 4 = 25
3 x = 21
Check x = 7
x5
4 x + 16 = 9 x 45
3 x + 4 = 5
4 ( x + 4 ) = 9 ( x 5)
3 3 x + 4 = 15
2
) = ( 3
61
5
61
5
?
61
61
2 + 4 +3 5 =0
5
5
36 ?
= 0 false
5
No real number solution. There are no
x-intercepts.
x = 7
?
3 3 ( 7 ) + 4 15 = 0
0 = 0 true
The x-intercept is ( 7, 0 ) .
295
Homework 9.5
67.
f (x) = 3 x 7
3.9 t + 280 = 500
c.
3.9 t = 220
220
t=
3.9
3 x 7 = 1
3 x =6
x =2
( x)
=2
( )
t
x=4
Check x = 4
3
f ( x ) = 2 x 4 + 5
73. No. When the student squared both sides of the

equation, the work on the left side was incorrect.
The student did not square the factor 5 on the left
side.
2 x 4 + 5 = 7
2 x 4 = 2
x 4 = 1
x4
(5
= ( 1)
x=5
Check x = 5
?
(5 ) 4 5 = 7
?
b.
( x)
25
=
3.9
= 22
x=4
Substitute this value into either original equation
and solve for y.
(4) 4 = 2
The solution is ( 4, 2 ) .
y=3
3.9 t = 25
25
t=
3.9
( )
= 25 ( x + 3)
x =2
3.9 t + 280 = 305
5 x = 10
Somewhere during the 1970s average test

scores declined. During the 1980s and
1990s test scores have been improving to
near the 1970 level.
y = 2 x + 6
Since the left hand sides are equal, set the right
hand sides equal to each other and solve the
resulting equation.
3 x 4 = 2 x + 6
7 = 7 false
No real number solutions. There is no value of x
that would make f ( x ) = 7 .
71. a.
x+3
75. y = 3 x 4
x4 =1
( 4 ) 7 = 1
220
=
3.9
220
t =
3182.12
3.9
According to the model, the average test
score will reach the maximum score of 500
in 5164. Model breakdown has occurred.
The model assumes that the average score
will continue to rise.
1 = 1 true
When x = 4 , f ( x ) = 1 .
69.
25
t =
41.09
3.9
According to the model, average test scores
will return to 305 in 2023.
77. The left hand side was not squared properly in

the second line.
296
Homework 9.6

Homework 9.6
1.
7.
2 = a 1+b
y = a x +b .
3 = a 4 +b
Rewrite as:
a+b = 2
2a + b = 3
Solve the resulting system. Multiply the first
equation by 1 and add to the second equation.
a b = 2
3 = a 0 +b
b=3
Substitute the point ( 4,5 ) into the equation
y = a x + 3 and solve for a.

5 = a 4 +3
2a = 2
2a + b = 3
a =1
a =1
Substitute the point (1, 2 ) into the equation
The equation is y = x + 3 .
(0, 2)
y = x + b and solve for b.
and (9, 6 )
2 = 1+b
b =1
The equation is y = x + 1 .
y = a x +b .
2 = a 0 +b
b=2
9.
5.
4
3
(0, 2)
and (3,5 )
Substitute the points into the equation
y = a x +b .
5= a 3+b
Rewrite as:
1.4142a + b = 4
3a = 4
The equation is y =
( 2, 4 )
4 = a 2 +b
6= a 9+2
a=
and ( 4,3)

y = a x +b .
(0,3) and ( 4,5)
Substitute the point (0,3) into the equation
3.
(1, 2 )
1.7321a + b = 5
1.4142a b = 4
4
x +2.
3
and (3,5 )
1.7321a + b = 5
0.3179a = 1
y = a x +b .
a 3.15
Substitute the point ( 2, 4 ) into the equation
2 = a 0 +b
b=2
Substitute the point (3,5 ) into the equation
y = 3.15 x + b and solve for b.

4 = 3.15 2 + b
b 0.45
The equation is roughly y = 3.15 x 0.45 .
5= a 3+2
a 3=3
3
a=
3
= 3
The equation is y = 3 x + 2 or y = 3x + 2 .
297
Homework 9.6
11.
( 2, 6 )
and (5, 4 )
f (t ) = 5.65 t + 10

y = a x +b .
6 = a 2 +b
4 = a 5 +b
Rewrite as:
1.4142a + b = 6
b.
2.2361a + b = 4
1.4142a b = 6
c.
( 26 ) + 10 38.81
In 2008, 38.8% of single-parent fathers will

have never been married.
5.65 t + 10 = 39
5.65 t = 29
29
t=
5.65
2.2361a + b = 4
0.8129a = 2
a 2.43
( t)
29
=
5.65
t 26.35
In 2008, 39% of single-parent fathers will
have never been married.
2

6 = 2.43 2 + b
b 9.44
The equation is roughly y = 2.43 x + 9.44 .
d.
13. Increase the value of b to shift the graph up.

15. a.
f ( 26 ) = 5.65
(0,10 ) . In 1982, 10% of single-parent

fathers had never been married.
Start by plotting the data.
17. a.
Answers may vary. A square root model

may be reasonable. Use the points (0,10 )
and (18,34 ) .

seems to be appropriate. Use the points
(0, 0 ) and (52.5,1.94 ) .
y = a x +b .
y = a x +b .
10 = a 0 + b
0 = a 0 +b
b = 10
Substitute the point (18,34 ) into the
b=0
Substitute the point (52.5,1.94 ) into the
equation y = a x + 10 and solve for a.
equation y = a x and solve for a.
34 = a 18 + 10
1.94 = a 52.5
24
a 0.27
S ( h ) = 0.27 h
a=
18
5.66
298
Homework 9.6

b. i.
19. a.
Graph all three functions.
The model S ( h ) appears to fit the best.

ii.
iii.

seems reasonable.
Use the points (0, 0 ) and (3, 68) .
S (0 ) = 0; L (0 ) = 0.327; Q (0 ) = 0.165
S models the situation best near 0 since
it is the only model that passes through
the origin.
Substitute the point (0, 0 ) in the equation
y = a x +b .
0 = a 0 +b
Zoom out.
b=0
Substitute the point (3, 68) into the equation
y = a x and solve for a.

68 = a 3
a 39.26
S (t ) = 39.26 t
Q is not possible since it indicates that

the falling time will reach 0 for larger
drop heights.
iv.
S models the situation the best and has

no problems with larger h.
v.
T=
=
2h
32.2
b. i. Both models seem to fit the data pretty

well but the square root model seems to
be a little better fit.
2
h
32.2
= 0.249 h
This is close to the model
S ( h ) = 0.27 h .
c.
0.27 h = 3
ii. As the length of release time increases,

the percent of criminals that were arrested
again cannot decrease since the
percentages are cumulative. The square
root function is an increasing function.
3
h=
0.27
( )
3
=
0.27
h 123.46
According to the model, the height of the
cliff is roughly 123.46 feet.
h
d.
c.
S (1250 ) = 0.27 1250 9.55

It would take about 9.55 seconds for the
baseball to reach the ground if it were
dropped from the top of New York Citys
Empire State Building.
299
S ( 4 ) = 39.26 4 = 78.52
About 78.5% of convicts released from state
prison have been arrested for another crime
after being out of prison for 4 years or less.
Homework 9.6
d.
100 = 39.26 t
t=
b.
100
39.26
(7 ) + 9.16 93.61
th
93.6% of 7 births occurred despite the use

of contraception.
2
( t)
100
=
39.26
t 6.5
According to the model, after about 6.5
years, all convicts released from state prison
will have been arrested for a new crime.
This is not realistic since it is likely that
some released convicts will never be
arrested for another crime.
2
21. a.
f (7 ) = 31.92
c.
100 = 31.92 n + 9.16

31.92 n = 90.84
n=
90.84
31.92
( )
90.84
=
31.92
n 8.1
All 8th births occurred despite the use of
contraception.
n

d.
23. a.
A square root model my fit reasonably well.

Use the points ( 2,54.3) and ( 4, 73) .
The higher the birth order, the higher the

percent of births that happened despite the
use of contraception.

y = a x +b .
54.3 = a 2 + b
A square root function may fit reasonably

well. Use the points ( 2,85.3) and (6,160 ) .
y = a x +b .
73 = a 4 + b
Rewrite as:
1.4142a + b = 54.3
2a + b = 73
Solve the system of equations. Multiply the
first equation by 1 and add to the second
equation.
1.4142a b = 54.3
85.3 = a 2 + b
160 = a 6 + b
Rewrite as:
1.41a + b = 85.3
2a + b = 73
2.45a + b = 160
Multiply the first equation by 1 and add to
the second equation.
1.41a b = 85.3
0.5858a = 18.7
a 31.92
Substitute the point ( 2,54.3) into the
2.45a + b = 160
equation y = 31.92 x + b and solve for b.
1.04a = 74.7
54.3 = 31.92 2 + b
a 71.83
Substitute ( 2,85.3) into the equation
b = 54.3 31.92 2
b 9.16
f ( n ) = 31.92 n + 9.16
85.3 = 71.83 2 + b
b = 85.3 71.83 2
b 16.28
300
Chapter 9 Review Exercises

f ( n ) = 71.83 n 16.28 .
10.
(6 x + 11)27
(6 x + 11)25 (6 x + 11)2
(6 x + 11)25 5 (6 x + 11)2
= (6 x + 11)
5 5
11. 2 x 5 x + 3 x = ( 2 5 + 3 ) x
b. f is an increasing function. This suggests that

the greater the number of people living with
the child, the less likely the child is to try to
take control.
= 0 x
=0
12. 5 3 x 2 x + 7 3 x + 4 x

1. x
4.
= x
= 53 x + 7 3 x 2 x + 4 x
= (5 + 7 ) 3 x + ( 2 + 4 ) x
= 12 3 x + 2 x
x = x1/ 2
2.
3.
3/ 7
5.
= 20 x 5 3 x 2 3 x + 8 x
(3x + 4 )7 = (3x + 4 )7 / 5
= 20 x + 8 x 5 3 x 2 3 x
16 x = 16 x
= 28 x 7 3 x
= ( 20 + 8 ) x + ( 5 2 ) 3 x
=4 x
6
14. 3 x
8x = 4x 2
6.
13. 5 4 x 3 x 2 3 x + 8 x
( 2 x + 1)2 / 9 = 9 ( 2 x + 1)2
5
x 7 = 3 x x 3 x 7
= 3 x x 21 x
= 4 x6 2
= 2x
= 3 x 2 21 x
= 3 x 21 x
3x7 = x6 3x
7.
= x
15.
3x
= 8x 2 x 3
= 8x
= 2x
)(
16. 2 3 x + 8 4 x + 2
(
= 2 (12
24 x10 = 3 8 x9 3 x
3
= 8 x2 2 x 3
x 6 = x 6 /8
4
= x3
)(
x 3 2 x +1
= 8 x x 6 x + 4 x 3
= x3/ 4
9.
(4
= 4 x 2 x 3 2 x + 4 x 1 3 1
= x3 3x
8.
(6 x + 11)2
9 3
33
= 2 3 x 4 x + 8 4 x + 3 x 2 + 8 2
3x
x x + 32 x + 6 x + 16
3x
= 2 12 x 2 + 38 x + 16
= 24 x + 76 x + 32
301
17.
)(
) ( x)
x +1
x 1 =
(1)
24.
= x 1
18.
(3
)(
) (
x +4 3 x 4 = 3 x
(2
x +5
) = (2 x )
2
(4)
+ 2 2 3 x (5 ) + ( 5 )
20.
(5
x 2
) = (5 x )
2 5 x (2 ) + (2 )
21.
1/ 4
= x 20
=x
4
20
26.
5
3
x = 3 x1/ 6
( )
= x1/ 6
= x1/18
18
=
23.
1
6
=x
3x
x
5
3
x2
x2
5 3 x2
3
x x2
5 3 x2
3
x3
5 3 x2
x
302
xx
7
27 x
3 x
1/12
3
2
x12 12
12
x1/ 6
1
27.
x1/ 4
= x4
1/ 3
1 1
x6 3
9 / 20
20
=
3 6
1
1
+
x4 5
22.
1/ 5
x x=x
x 2
2
= 25 x 20 x + 4
22
x 2
3
=
x
25.
= 4 x 2 + 20 3 x + 25
2
= 9 x 16
19.
5
5
27 x 2
5
27 x 2
5
5
5
9 x3
9 x3
7 9 x3
27 x 2 9 x3
63x3
243 x 5
63 x3
3x
28.
5
3+ x
=
=
3 x
34. h ( x ) =
3+ x 3 x
)
( x)
5 3 x
(3)2
15 5 x
=
9x
29.
2
23 x
=
=
2
2+3 x
23 x 2+3 x
)
(3 x )
2 2+3 x
( 2 )2
30.
5 x 4
2 x +3
=
=
) (
2 (2 8x )
6 x + 13 x + 5
2 8x
= 32
x=9
Check x = 9
?
(9 ) + 4 = 13
13 = 13 true
The solution is 9.
2x + 1 + 4 = 7
36.
= x +7
2x + 1 = 3
) (
32. h ( x ) = 3 x + 5 2 4 x
2x +1
= 32
2x + 1 = 9
= 3 x +52+4 x
2x = 8
= 7 x +3
2 6 x + 13 x + 5
= 3 x +5+ 24 x
12 x + 26 x + 10
4 16 x
( x)
3
)(
33. h ( x ) = 3 x + 5 2 4 x
x=4
Check x = 4
2 (4) + 1 + 4 = 7
= 3 x 2 + 5 2 3 x 4 x 54 x
7 = 7 true
The solution is 4.
= 6 x + 10 12 x 20 x
= 12 x 14 x + 10
303
x =3
( 3)
10 x 23 x + 12
4x 9
31. h ( x ) = 3 x + 5 + 2 4 x
( 2 )2 ( 4
3 x =9
10 x x 8 x 15 x + 12
=
4x 9
=
3 x 2 + 5 2 + 3 x 4 x + 54 x
35. 3 x + 4 = 13
5 x 2 x 4 2 x 5 x 3+ 43
(2 x )
3 x +5 2+ 4 x
24 x 2+4 x
6 x + 10 + 12 x + 20 x
4 16 x
5 x 4 2 x 3
2 x +3 2 x 3
24 x
4+6 x
=
4 9x
3 x +5

Check x = 9
4x + 5 = x
37.
4x + 5
( 9 ) + 6 = (9 )
= x2
9 = 9 true
Check x = 4
4 x + 5 = x2
x2 4 x 5 = 0
(4 ) + 6 = (4 )
( x 5)( x + 1) = 0
x 5 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
8 = 4 false
The solution is 9.
x = 5 or x = 1
Check x = 5
13 x + 4 = 5 x 20
40.
4 (5 ) + 5 = (5 )
5 = 5 true
Check x = 1
13x + 4
4 ( 1) + 5 = ( 1)
2x 4
35 = 35
There is no real solution.
= ( x 2)
2x 1 = 1+ x + 3
41.
x 6x + 8 = 0
( x 4 )( x 2 ) = 0
) = (1 +
2
x+3
2 x +3 = x 5
x = 4 or x = 2
Check x = 4
(2
2 (4) 4 = (4) 2
x+3
= ( x 5)
4 ( x + 3 ) = x 2 10 x + 25
2 = 2 true
Check x = 2
4 x + 12 = x 2 10 x + 25
x 2 14 x + 13 = 0
2 (2) 4 = (2) 2
( x 13)( x 1) = 0
0 = 0 true
The solutions are 4 and 2.
x 13 = 0 or x 1 = 0
x = 13 or x = 1
Check x = 13
x +6= x
2 (13 ) 1 =1 +
x = x6
2
2x 1
2x 1 = 1 + 2 x + 3 + x + 3
x 4 = 0 or x 2 = 0
( x)
2 x 4 = x2 4 x + 4
39.
13 ( 3 ) + 4 = 5 ( 3) 20
2x 4 = x 2
5 x 20
x = 3
Check x = 3
1 = 1 false
The solution is 5.
13 x + 4 = 5 x 20
8 x = 24
38.
) =(
(13) + 3
5 = 5 true
Check x = 1
= ( x 6)
x = x 2 12 x + 36
2 (1) 1 = 1 +
x 2 13 x + 36 = 0
( x 9 )( x 4 ) = 0
(1) + 3
1 = 3 false
The solution is 13.
x 9 = 0 or x 4 = 0
x = 9 or x = 4
304
42.
45. y = x 5 + 3
x+2 + x+9 = 7
x y
5 3
6 2
9 1
14 0
21 1
x+2 = 7 x+9
x+2
) = (7
2
x+9
x + 2 = 49 14 x + 9 + x + 9
14 x + 9 = 56
x+9 = 4
x+9
= 42
x + 9 = 16
x=7
Check x = 7
(7 ) + 2 +
(7 ) + 9 = 7
The solution is 7.
7 = 7 true
46. y = 2 x + 4 1
x
y
4 1
3 1
0 3
5 5
12 7
43. y = 2 x
x
0
1
4
9
16
y
16
y
0
2
4
6
8
47.
f ( x) = 4x 7 2x +1
4x 7 2x + 1 = 0
44. y = 3 x + 1
4x 7 = 2x + 1
x y
0 1
1 4
4 7
9 10
16 13
4x 7
) =(
2
2x + 1
4x 7 = 2x +1
2x = 8
Check x = 4
x=4
?
4 (4) 7 2 (4) + 1 = 0
0 = 0 true
4
305
51. The equation is of the form y = a x + b .

The y-intercept is (0,3) so b = 3 .

8 = a 4 +3
48. g ( x ) = 3 x + 2 + 9
2a = 5
3 x + 2 + 9 = 0
a=
3 x + 2 = 9
The equation is y =
x+2 =3
x+2
= 32
5
x +3.
2
x+2=9
The y-intercept is (0, 7 ) so b = 7 .
x=7
Check x = 7
3
5
2
Substitute the point (9,3) into the equation
(7 ) + 2 + 9 = 0
3= a 9 +7
0 = 0 true
3a = 4
a=
4
3
The equation is y =
53.
49. Increase b to raise the y-intercept and decrease a

to lower the rate of increase. Sketches may vary.
1.7321a + b = 6
Solve the system of equations. Multiply the first
1.4142a b = 5
9= a 8+2
a 8=7
8
and (3, 6 )
y = a x +b .
6 = a 3 +b
Rewrite as:
1.4142a + b = 5
( 2,5)
5= a 2 +b
The y-intercept is (0, 2 ) so b = 2 .
a=
4
x +7.
3
1.7321a + b = 6
2.475
0.3179a = 1
The equation is roughly y = 2.475 x + 2 .
a 3.15

5 = 3.15 2 + b
b = 5 3.15 2
b 0.55
306
Chapter 9 Test
54.
(3, 7 ) and (5, 4 )
(0,16 ) ; In 1998 there were 16 million U.S.
b.

y = a x +b .
households with a Sony PlayStation.

6.4 t + 16 = 36
c.
7 = a 3 +b
6.4 t = 20
4 = a 5 +b
Rewrite as:
1.7321a + b = 7
t = 3.125
t 9.77
In 2008, 36 million households in the United
States will have a Sony PlayStation.
2.2361a + b = 4
1.7321a b = 7
f (5 ) = 6.4 5 + 16 30.31
d.
The model predicts a slightly larger number

of households, but the values are fairly
close.
2.2361a + b = 4
0.504a = 3
a 5.95
Chapter 9 Test

7 = 5.95 3 + b
32 x9 = 16 x8 2 x
1.
b = 7 + 5.95 3
= 16 x8 2 x
b 17.31
= 4 x4 2 x

55. a.
2.
64 x 22 = 64 x 21 x
3
= 64 x 21 3 x
= 4 x7 3 x
3.
A square root model, y = a x + b , seems

reasonable.
Use the points (0,16 ) and ( 4, 28.8) .
( 2 x + 8 )27
( 2 x + 8)24 ( 2 x + 8 )3
( 2 x + 8 )24 4 ( 2 x + 8 )3
= (2 x + 8 )
6 4
The y-intercept is (0,16 ) so b = 16 .
Substitute the point ( 4, 28.8) into the
4.
equation y = a x + 16 and solve for b.
43 x
65 x
2 x1/ 3
3 x1/ 5
1
28.8 = a 4 + 16
2a = 12.8
2 3
x
3
5
1
5
3
2
= x15 15
3
2
= x 2 /15
3
a = 6.4
f (t ) = 6.4 t + 16
307
215 x 2
3
( 2 x + 8 )3
Chapter 9 Test
5.
x +1
2 x 3
(2 x )
= 2 x + 11
(3)
2x + 2 x + 3 x + 3
4x 9
2x + 5 x + 3
4x 9
= 38 x
14. h ( x ) = 7 3 x
= 28 12 x + 35 x 15 x
= 15 x + 23 x + 28
= 6 3 x 24 3 x + 2 4 x 5 4 x
= 18 3 x 3 4 x
15. h ( x ) =
7. 3 x 6 x 5 = 3 x 6 x 3 x 5
= 18 x 15 x
= 18 x 15 x
(2 + 4 x )(3 5 x )
= 23 + 4 x 3 25 x 4 x 5 x
= 6 + 12 x 10 x 20 x 2
= 20 x + 2 x + 6
(4 + 3 x )(4 3 x ) = (4 ) (3 x )
16.
10.
(4
x 3
) = (4 x )
2
11.
k
n
x kn kn
k n
x kn
kn
28 12 x 35 x + 15 x
16 25 x
15 x 47 x + 28
16 25 x
(8 ) + 1
4 x +1 = 8
x +1 = 2
x1/ k
( 4 )2 (5
2 = 6 4 x + 1
17.
x1/ n
1
1
xn k
7 4 3 x 4 7 5 x + 3 x 5 x
= 6
73 x 45 x
4+5 x 45 x
= 6 43
2
= 16 x 2 24 5 x + 9
n
4+5 x
= 64 9
2 4 x (3) + (3 )
5
73 x
f (8 ) = 6 4
= 16 9 x
5
)(4 + 5 x )
= 7 4 3 x 4 + 7 5 x 3 x 5 x
= 3 2 3 x 8 3 3x + 2 4 x 5 4 x
9.
= 7 3 x 45 x
= 3 4 3x 8 9 3x + 2 4 x 5 4 x
8.
) (
13. h ( x ) = 7 3 x 4 + 5 x
6. 3 12 x + 2 4 x 8 27 x 5 4 x
= 7 3 x + 4+5 x
x 2 x + 1 2 x + x 3 + 1 3
) (
12. h ( x ) = 7 3 x + 4 + 5 x
x +1 2 x + 3
2 x 3 2 x +3
x +1
= 22
x +1 = 4
x=3
Check x = 3
?
2 = 6 4
xk n
(3 ) + 1
2 = 2 true
Therefore, x = 3 when f ( x ) = 2 .
308
Chapter 9 Test
18. y = 2 x + 3 + 1
x
3
2
1
6
13
y
1
1
3
5
7
20. 2 x + 3 = 13
2 x = 10
x =5
( x)
= 52
x = 25
Check x = 25
13 = 13 true
The solution is 25.
( 25 ) + 3 =13
3 5 x 4 = 27
21.
5x 4 = 9
19. a.
b.
We need a < 0 and k 0 , or we need

a > 0 and k 0 . In either case, h can be
any real number.
3 5 (17 ) 4 = 27
27 = 27 true
The solution is 17.
k
a
k
=
a
xh =
22. 3 2 x + 9 x = 0
9 x = 2 x 3
k2
a2
x = h+
= 92
x = 17
Check x = 17
a x h = k
xh
5 x = 85
a xh +k = 0
5 x 4 = 81
f (x) = a x h + k
xh =
5x 4
k2
9 x
) = (2
2
x 3
9 x = 4 x 12 x + 9
a2
k2
The x-intercept is h + 2 , 0 .
a
12 x = 5 x
(12 x )
= (5 x )
144 x = 25 x 2
25 x 2 144 x = 0
x ( 25 x 144 ) = 0
x = 0 or 25 x 144 = 0
x = 0 or x =
Check x = 0
3 2
(0 ) +
144
25
9 (0 ) = 0
?
6 = 0 false
Check x =
309
144
25
Chapter 9 Test

26. a.
144
144 ?
+
3 2
9
=0
25
25
0 = 0 true
144
The solution is
.
25
23.

seems reasonable.
Use the points (0, 20.5) and (60, 43.4 ) .
f ( x ) = 3 2x 4 2 2x + 1
3 2x 4 2 2x + 1 = 0
The y-intercept is (0, 20.5) so b = 20.5 .
3 2x 4 = 2 2x + 1
(3
2x 4
) = (2
2
2x +1
9 ( 2 x 4 ) = 4 ( 2 x + 1)
Substitute the point (60, 43.4 ) into the
equation y = a x + 20.5 and solve for a.

43.4 = a 60 + 20.5
18 x 36 = 8 x + 4
a 60 = 22.9
10 x = 40
Check x = 4
a 2.96
x=4
f (t ) = 2.96 t + 20.5
?
3 2 (4) 4 2 2 (4) + 1 = 0
0 = 0 true
24. Decrease b to lower the y-intercept and increase
a to increase the rate of increase. Graphs may
vary.
b.
f (72 ) = 2.96 72 + 20.5 45.62

According to the model, the median height
of 6-year-old boys is about 45.6 inches.
25. Substitute the points ( 2, 4 ) and (5, 6 ) into the
c.
equation y = a x + b .
36 = 2.96 t + 20.5
2.96 t = 15.5
4 = a 2 +b
t=
6 = a 5 +b
Rewrite as:
1.4142a + b = 4
( t)
15.5
2.96
2
15.5
=
2.96
t 27.42
The median height of 27-month-old boys is
3 feet.
2
2.2361a + b = 6
1.4142a b = 4
2.2361a + b = 6
d.
0.8219a = 2
The h-intercept is (0, 20.5) . The median

height of boys at birth is 20.5 inches.
a 2.43

4 = 2.43 2 + b
b = 4 2.43 2
b 0.56
The equation is y = 2.43 x + 0.56 .
310

Lehmann IA SSM Ch9

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Lehmann IA SSM Ch9

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Chapter 9

( 2 x + 5)8 = ( 2 x + 5 )8/ 2 = ( 2 x + 5)4

x17 = x12 x5 = x12 x5 = x 2

125 x17 = 3 125 x15 x 2

(3x + 6 )4 = (3x + 6 )4 / 4 = (3x + 6 )1 = 3x + 6

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

( 2 x + 7 )10 = ( 2 x + 7 )10 /12

77. Answers will vary.

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

3. 2.3 x 4.8 x = ( 2.3 4.8 ) x = 2.5 x

The graphs in (a) coincide with the graph of

3.7 4 x 1.14 x 4.2 6 x + 4.2 6 x

The graphs in (c) coincide with the graph of

83. Answers will vary. See Key Points.

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

27. 3 81x 2 100 x = 3 9 x 2 10 x

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

Thus, the two expressions are 5 x + 5 and

81. Answers will vary. See Key Points.

77. Begin by letting the two expressions be denoted

f is an increasing function. This makes sense

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

61. Answers may vary. The student did not

59. Student 1 did the work correctly. Student 2s

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

Determine the conjugate of the denominator.

Multiply the original fraction by the fraction

Find the product of the fractions and

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

a < 0, h = 0, and k > 0

a > 0, h < 0, and k < 0

a > 0, h < 0, and k > 0

a < 0, h > 0, and k = 0

35. Answers may vary. One example: For the family

37. If a < 0 , f has a maximum point at ( h, k ) . If

a > 0 , f has a minimum point at ( h, k ) .

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

79. Answers may vary. The graph of f can be found

by h units (left if h < 0 and right if h > 0 ), and

vertically by k units (up if k > 0 and down if

67. a. The square root model would fit best

S ( 23) = 3.9 23 + 280 298.70

S ( 20 ) = 3.9 20 + 280 297.44

The graph looks like a parabola that opens to the

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

21. 4.91 3.18 x 7.14 = 2.19

4.91 3.18 ( 2.3078 ) 7.14 = 2.19

2.19 = 21.19 true

(8)2 5 (8) + 1 = (8) 3

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

3.57 = 10.43 false

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

0.382 = 0.382 true

2.62 = 2.62 true

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

SSM: Intermediate Algebra