Code.

No: 44003
R07 SET-1
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
II .B.TECH II SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS FEBRUARY - 2010
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(CIVIL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Prove that for a channel of circular section the depth of flow d = 0.95 D for
maximum discharge where d = depth of flow and D = diameter of circular
channel.
b) The cross-section of an open channel consists of semi-circular bottom 1.20 m in
diameter and with vertical sides. If the depth of water is 1.20 m and the bed slope
is 1 in 2500, calculate the discharge. Take Chezy`s C as 65. [8+8]

2.a) What is specific energy curve? Explain it in detail along with a neat sketch.
b) A rectangular channel of width 4 m carries a discharge of 10 m3/S. Plot the
specific energy diagram and use it to find the critical depth and alternate depth to
a depth of 0.7 m. What is the specific energy for this depth? Assume α = 1.09.
Use the following depths of flow for computations and drawing the graph: 0.6,
0.7, 0.8, 1.1 and 1.4 m. [8+8]

3.a) State the conditions when flow is uniform and when it is non-uniform.
b) What are the conditions favorable for the formation of a hydraulic jump in an
open channel?
c) What are the different profiles of non-uniform flow? Briefly explain. [5+5+6]

4.a) Explain the terms geometrical, kinematic and dynamic similarities.

b) Give the uses of Buckingham’s pi theorem. [8+8]

5.a) State and explain momentum equation. What are the practical applications of it?
b) A jet of water 75mm diameter strikes a curved plate at its center with a velocity of
20m/sec. The curved plate is moving with a velocity of 8m/sec in the direction of
the jet. The jet is deflected through an angle of 1650. Assuming the plate to be
smooth. Find
i) Force exerted on the plate in the direction of jet
ii) Power of the jet and
iii) Efficiency of the jet. [8+8]

6. Differentiate between:
a) The impulse and reaction turbines
b) The radial and axial flow turbines
c) The inward and outward radial flow turbines
d) Kaplan and Propeller turbines. [16]
7.a) What do you understand by unit speed of a turbine? What is its use? Derive the
equation for specific speed.
b) What are the constant efficiency curves of a turbine? What are their uses? [8+8]

8.a) Discuss the concept of multistage pumps in detail.

b) A centrifugal pump has three stages discharging 120 lit/s, working against a head
of 45 m, running at 1400 rpm. Calculate the specific speed of the pump. [8+8]

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Code.No: 44003
R07 SET-2
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
II .B.TECH II SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS FEBRUARY - 2010
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(CIVIL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Derive the conditions for the most economical triangular channel section.
b) A sewer pipe is laid on a slope of 1 in 3000 and is to carry 2.5 m3/s when the pipe
flows full. What size pipe should be used if n in Manning formula is 0.015? [8+8]

2.a) What is critical flow? Derive the condition for maximum discharge for a given
value of specific energy.
b) The specific energy for a 6 m wide rectangular channel is to be 5 kg-m/kg. If the
rate of flow of water through the channel is 24 m3/s. Determine the alternate
depths of flow. [8+8]

3.a) What is a critical slope of an open channel?

b) A sluice spans a channel of rectangular section 15 metres wide and has an
opening 0.60 metre wide and discharges 40 cumec of water. If a hydraulic jump is
formed on the downstream side of the sluice determine the probable height of the
crest above the upper edge of the sluice. Find also the loss of energy head due to
the jump formed. [6+10]

4.a) What do you mean by model testing ? What are pre requisites for model testing?
b) Properties of a structure can be calculated by analytical method and by model
analysis, which is more suitable? Why? [8+8]

5. A jet of water of diameter 50mm having a velocity of 20m/sec strikes a curved

vane which is moving with a velocity of 10m/sec in the direction of the jet. The
jet leaves the vane at an angle of 600 to the direction of motion of the vane at
outlet. Determine:
a) The force exerted by the jet on the vane in the direction of motion and
b) Work done per second by the jet. [16]

6.a) Draw a neat diagram of a reaction turbine and explain its working. State the
equations for power produced and efficiency.
b) Explain any two types of draft tubes with neat diagrams. [8+8]

7.a) What are the conditions for the kinematic similarity to exist between model and
prototype?
b) How do you compare the performance of a turbine under different working
conditions? [8+8]
8.a) Discuss various methods adopted to increase the efficiency of a centrifugal pump
by altering the shape of the casing.
b) A centrifugal pump having an overall efficiency of 80% delivers discharge 1850
lpm, working against a height of 20 m through a pipe of 10 cm diameter and 95 m
long. Calculate HP required to drive the pump. f = 0.0075 [8+8]

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Code.No: 44003
R07 SET-3
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
II .B.TECH II SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS FEBRUARY - 2010
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(CIVIL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Derive the condition for the best side slope of the most economical trapezoidal
channel.
b) Design a concrete lined channel to carry a discharge of 500 cumecs at a slope of 1
in 4000. The side slopes of the channel may be taken as 1:1. The Manning's
roughness coefficient for the lining is 0.014. Assume permissible velocity in the
section as 2.5 m/s. [8+8]

2.a) What are the factors that influence the selection of a site for a stream gauging
station.
b) Following velocities were recorded in a stream with a current meter.

Depth above bed (m) 0 1 2 3 4

Velocity (m/sec) 0 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8

Find the discharge per unit width of stream near the point of measurement. Depth
of flow at the point was 5m. [8+8]

3.a) How do you estimate the loss of energy in hydraulic jump?

b) A rectangular channel 6 m wide discharges 11200 lit/s of water into a 6 m wide
apron with no slope with a mean depth velocity of 6 m/s. What is the height of the
jump? How much energy is absorbed in the jump? [8+8]

4. The efficiency η of a fan depends on the density ρ , the dynamic viscosity µ of

the fluid, the angular velocity ω , diameter D of the rotor and the discharge Q.
Express η in terms of dimensionless parameters. [16]

5.a) Prove that the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed semi-circular plate in the
direction of the jet, when the jet strikes at the center of the semi-circular plate is
two times the force exerted by the jet on the fixed vertical plate.
b) A jet of water of diameter 50mm strikes a fixed plate in such way that the angle
between the plate and the jet is 300. The force exerted in the direction of the jet is
1471.5N. Determine the rate of flow of water. [8+8]
6. An inward flow reaction turbine has inner and outer diameter of the wheel as
350mm and 750mm respectively. The vanes radial at inlet and the discharge is
radial at outlet. The water enters the vane at an angle of 120. Assuming the
velocity of flow to be constant and equal to 3.5m/sec, find
a) The speed of the wheel and
b) The vane angle at outlet. [16]

7.a) Where is servo meter used in governing mechanism of turbines? Explain its use?
b) A Kaplan turbine is to develop 2400 KW when running at 240 rpm under a net
head of 49m. In order to predict its performance a model of scale 1:5 is tested
under a net head of 25m. At what speed should the model run and what power
would it develop. Determine the discharge in the model and in full scale turbine if
the overall efficiency of the model is 85%. [6+10]

8.a) Define static head and manometric head of a centrifugal pump.

b) A centrifugal pump delivers water against a net head of 14.5m and design speed
of 1000 rpm. The vanes are curved back to an angle of 300 with the periphery. The
impeller diameter is 300 mm and outlet width 50 mm. Determine the discharge of
the pump if the manometric efficiency is 95%. [8+8]

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Code.No: 44003
R07 SET-4
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
II .B.TECH II SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS FEBRUARY - 2010
HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(CIVIL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Explain Kinetic energy correction and momentum energy correction factors.
b) A field drain of triangular section has side slopes of 1 upon 2 and carries water at
a normal depth of 0.75m. Chezy’s C for the channel is 45. Determine the
longitudinal slope of the drain for a discharge of 1.2 cumecs. Determine the
Froude number and identify the state of flow. Assume α =1.16. [8+8]

2.a) What is a rating curve in stream gauging? Explain its use. Sketch a typical rating
curve. What are the sources of error in getting the discharge from the rating
curve?
b) A surface float took 10 sec to travel a straight run of a stream of 20 m. What is the
approximate mean velocity of the stream? If a velocity rod had been used, what
time it would have taken to travel the same run. [8+8]

3.a) What are the uses of hydraulic jump?

b) The depths of water before and after hydraulic jump in a 5 m wide rectangular
channel are 1 m and 8 m. Calculate the discharge through the channel and power
lost in the jump. [6+10]

4. In a 1 in 20 model of a stilling basin, the height of the hydraulic jump in the

model is observed to be 0.20 metre. What is the height of the hydraulic jump in
1
the prototype? If the energy dissipated in the model is h.p., what is the
10
corresponding value in prototype? [16]

5. A jet of water having a velocity of 15m/sec strikes a curved vane which is moving
with a velocity of 5m/sec. The vane is symmetrical and it is so shaped that the jet
is deflected through 1200. Find the angle of the jet at inlet of the vane so that there
is no shock. What is the absolute velocity of the jet at outlet in magnitude and
direction and the work done per second per kg of water? Assume the vane to be
smooth. [16]

6. An outward flow reaction turbine has inner and outer diameter of the wheel as
1000mm and 2000 mm respectively. The water enters the vane at an angle of 200
and leaves the vane radially. If the velocity of flow remains constant at 10m/sec
and the speed of the wheel is 300rpm, find the vane angles at inlet and outlet. [16]
7.a) A model turbine 1m in diameter acting under a head of 2m runs at 150 rpm.
Estimate the scale ratio if the prototype develops 20 KW under a head of 225 m
with a specific speed of 100.
b) What are the physical indicators for the presence of cavitation in turbines? [10+6]

8.a) Discuss in general the important operating characteristics of an axial flow pump.
Compare the performance characteristics of a centrifugal and axial flow pump.
b) Define and derive an expression for the specific speed of a pump. How does
specific speed help in pump selection? [8+8]

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