Body

BIW (BODY IN WHITE)/BODY SHELL/BLUE BUCK

In an automobile industry, the car body is manufactured in segments like doors,
engine compartment, roof, closures, etc. all these parts are then assembled/joined together
to form a complete body structure.
At the end of the framing line, the body receives the doors, bonnet, tailgate and
front wings, which have been built separately. The completed body now known as Body
in White.
BIW is an assemblage of all welded sheet metal panels as before going for
priming and painting.
There are two kinds of BIW Structures in use:
1. Monocoque Body structure
2. Frame mounted Body structure
In monocoque body, chassis is in built in the BIW itself and there is no separate
chassis. Wheels are directly mounted to the BIW with the help of suspension system.
In Frame mounted body, body is mounted on a separate chassis/frame and the
wheels are mounted on the chassis and not to the body.
BIW structure can be divided in following substructures:

UNDERBODY STRUCTURE
FRONT END STRUCTURE
BODY SIDE STRUCTURE
CLOSURES
ROOF

An UNDERBODY Structure consists of following major panels:

DASH PANEL
FRT FLOOR
RISER
REAR FLOOR
REAR WHEEL HOUSE

FRONT END structure consists of following major panels:

PLENUM PANEL
FRT WHEEL HOUSE/FENDER
WING PANEL

COWL
UPPER TIE BAR
LOWER TIE BAR

BODY SIDE structure consists of following major panels:

A-PILLAR
B-PILLAR
C/D PILLARS
RING PANEL
QUARTER PANELS
DRIP RAILS/GUTTERS

CLOSURES consists of following major panels:

ALL DOORS
HOOD/BONNET

ROOF structure consists of following major panels:

ROOF
HEADERS
BOWS

UNDERBODY:
1) Dash panel provides a partition between engine and the driver/passenger cabin
inside car.
2) FRT FLOOR provides a base for seats mounting and provides partition between
transmission/propeller shaft/ground and the cabin.
3) Riser connects Front floor to Rear Floor by providing a level difference.
4) Rear Floor is the floor on the Rear of the car and provides a partition from ground
also provide base for Rear seat mounting.
Floor assemblies consists of Sills/bars for mtg on frame in case of frame mounted
construction and in case of monocoque construction long members/cross members are
welded.
Note: Where there are three row seats one more floor panel is connected to the front
floor called Centre floor and the second row seat is mounted on the center floor.
FRONT END:

1) Plenum is a chamber located between the throttle body and the runners of the
intake manifold, used to distribute the intake charge evenly and enhance engine
breathing. The greater volume of gas in this enclosed area is under greater
pressure than the surrounding container.
Panel below windshield connecting the dash panel to cowl, also provides base for
cross car beam (CCB)/Instrument panel (IP) mounting.
2) Frt Wheel house or Fender is an encasement around the Frt wheel.
3) Wing panel are the outer most side panel in the front.
4) Cowl is the portion of the body bounded by the front fenders, the base of the
windshield, and the rear edge of the hood.
5) Upper tie bar is the upper panel in front connecting the two sides (RH/LH) of
Front structure.
6) Lower tie bar is the lower panel in front connecting the two sides (RH/LH) of
Front structure.
BODY SIDE
Pillars are the support to the roof, i.e. connecting panels between roof & lower body
panels.
1) A-Pillar is the front most support to Roof.
2) B-Pillar is the second support to the roof and situated on the locking side of the
Front door.
3) C-Pillar is the Rear most support to roof in case of a two row seats car, OR third
support to the roof.
4) D-pillar is the forth support to the roof and usually on the rear side of quarter
panel.
5) Ring panel is a structure panel connecting the rear portion of the body to front,
and constitutes a big part in side structure.
6) Quarter panel is rear most panel of a body side structure.
7) Drip rails/Gutters is an exposed channel applied to the roof over the side windows
to direct water away from the windows and to cover structural welding.
ROOF
Header is the structural member above the windshield at the juncture with the
forward edge of the roof panel.

CLOSURES
Hood is a hinged panel providing access to the engine compartment.
Some other terms used for BIW:
1. Backlight: The window across the rear of any automobile, regardless of body
style. Some times called back window.
2. Beltline: The line established by the upper edge of the car lower body at the glass
openings, as seen from the side.
3. Blind Quarter: An unusually wide C pillar of roof quarter, tending to enclose
rear seat area.
4. Catwalk: A depressed surface, usually between a fender and a raised area of the
hood or deck.
5. Convertible Boot: A covering, usually held in place with snap fasteners, over the
folded-down soft top.
6. Convertible Stack: That part of a convertible top, which projects above the
beltline of deck when the top is folded down.
7. Decklid: A hinged panel providing access to the luggage compartment.
8. Greenhouse: The upper body of an automobile; the structure above the beltline
glass, roof, and supporting members.
9. Hardtop: A term applied to any fixed roof with retracting window glass and no
exposed B or middle pillar.
10. Lower Back Panel: Portion of body sheet metal below rear edge of decklid.
11. Rocker Panel: The sheet-metal surface below the door opening, running between
front and rear wheel openings.
12. Sedan: Two-door or four-door car having stationary window frames in its doors.
13. Tunnel: The hump in the floor pan that provides clearance for the driveshaft on
rear wheel drive vehicles.
14. Upper Back Panel: Portion of body sheet metal between backlight and decklid.

Common terms used for sheet metal technology:

Blank: Blank is the trimmed sheet to the required shape for further operations. Operation
is called as blanking.
Drawing: making a cup shape is called drawing operation, material thinning takes place
in the operation normally and the allowed thinning is around 15%.
Forming: this refers to bending of sheet metal to desired shape.
Punching: this refers to making holes/any shape cutout in sheet metal.
Trimming: this refers to trim the outer periphery, usually after forming or drawing
operation.