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  • Comparison of Combustion Efficiency To in Situ Atmospheric Ammonia Measurements From A Miniature Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer in The LA Basin

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    jpeterson1
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    Taylor Krause, Chapman University Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) has been shown to impact the environmental and threaten both human and animal health, especially in heavily populated urban areas, yet to date there remains a paucity of direct measurements. Recent studies have suggested that ammonia may be generated as a byproduct of fossil fuel emissions due to highly active catalytic converters in light-duty gasoline vehicles. To investigate this relationship, an airborne miniature Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (miniCIMS) was used to directly measure atmospheric ammonia and combustion reaction products in the Southern California LA Basin, during the 2015 NASA Student Airborne Research Program (SARP). The temporal variability in measured ammonia, and the relationship to combustion efficiency will be compared to mobile ground-based measurements from the NASA DISCOVER-AQ campaign, and implications of the findings will be discussed.

    Originaltitel

    Comparison of combustion efficiency to in situ atmospheric ammonia measurements from a miniature chemical ionization mass spectrometer in the LA Basin

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    Taylor Krause, Chapman University Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) has been shown to impact the environmental and threaten both human and animal health, especially in heavily populated urban areas, yet to date there remains a paucity of direct measurements. Recent studies have suggested that ammonia may be generated as a byproduct of fossil fuel emissions due to highly active catalytic converters in light-duty gasoline vehicles. To investigate this relationship, an airborne miniature Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (miniCIMS) was used to directly measure atmospheric ammonia and combustion reaction products in the Southern California LA Basin, during the 2015 NASA Student Airborne Research Program (SARP). The temporal variability in measured ammonia, and the relationship to combustion efficiency will be compared to mobile ground-based measurements from the NASA DISCOVER-AQ campaign, and implications of the findings will be discussed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    118 Ansichten21 Seiten

    Comparison of Combustion Efficiency To in Situ Atmospheric Ammonia Measurements From A Miniature Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer in The LA Basin

    Hochgeladen von

    jpeterson1
    Taylor Krause, Chapman University Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) has been shown to impact the environmental and threaten both human and animal health, especially in heavily populated urban areas, yet to date there remains a paucity of direct measurements. Recent studies have suggested that ammonia may be generated as a byproduct of fossil fuel emissions due to highly active catalytic converters in light-duty gasoline vehicles. To investigate this relationship, an airborne miniature Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (miniCIMS) was used to directly measure atmospheric ammonia and combustion reaction products in the Southern California LA Basin, during the 2015 NASA Student Airborne Research Program (SARP). The temporal variability in measured ammonia, and the relationship to combustion efficiency will be compared to mobile ground-based measurements from the NASA DISCOVER-AQ campaign, and implications of the findings will be discussed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Comparison of Combustion Efficiency to In Situ Atmospheric

    Ammonia Measurements from a Miniature Chemical Ionization


    Mass Spectrometer in the LA Basin

    Taylor Krause
    Chapman University|Chemistry
    NASA SARP 2015
    Dr. Barry Lefer|NASA Head Quarters
    Dr. Tim Bertram| UW Madison
    Steven Schill| UC San Diego

    Which Car Produces Ammonia?

    Catalytic Converter

    Toxic to Nontoxic
    Nx N2
    HC H2O
    CO CO2

    Three Way Catalytic Converter

    Reduction:
    Alkyl Amines

    Ammonia (NH3)

    Comparison of NH3
    Morning to Afternoon in LA Basin
    [NH3] Mean
    AM flight: 6.0465 ppb
    PM flight: 3.8282 ppb

    SARP 2015:
    6/23 Morning Flight 9:39am-10:00am

    SARP 2015:
    6/23 Afternoon Flight 2:18pm - 2:30pm

    NH3 at Varying Pressure Altitudes

    Campaign Comparisons
    Mobile Platform: NASA DISCOVER-AQ

    Instruments used to detect NH3


    Absorbance measurement
    o Utilizes laser based measurement
    with wavelength modulation
    spectroscopy (WMS)

    Airborne Platform: NASA SARP

    Mass to charge ratio Measurement


    o Miniature Chemical Ionization
    Mass Spectrometer
    (miniCIMS)

    DISCOVER-AQ 2013:
    Mobile Track through LA Basin

    DISCOVER AQ 2013:
    Relative Frequency of Ammonia

    (Mark Zondlo, On-Road Ammonia Emissions Characterized by Moblie, Open-Path Measurements, 2014)

    SARP 2015:
    Relative Frequency of Airborne Ammonia

    LA Traffic Density
    Tuesday 9:15 am

    Tuesday 2:00 pm

    Colored Lines Represent Speed: Green (Fastest) > Blue > Yellow > Orange > Red(Slowest)

    Combustion Efficiency Ratio

    Efficient Combustion
    Inefficient Combustion

    Combustion Efficiency

    [NH3]/[CO] LA Basin
    [NH3/CO] Mean
    AM flight:
    0.0466
    ppbv/ppbv
    PM flight:
    0.0308
    ppbv/ppbv

    DISCOVERAQ Mobile Platform


    Los Angeles
    Mean [NH3]/[CO] =
    0.027 ppbv/ppbv

    (Mark Zondlo, On-Road Ammonia Emissions Characterized by Moblie, Open-Path Measurements, 2014)

    Conclusions
    The production of NH3 could not be tied directly to

    vehicular emissions
    Elevated levels of ambient NH3 were measured in
    the LA Basin.
    Levels of NH3 varied spatially and temporally during the
    flight tracks in the LA Basin.
    Mean ppb values of NH3 : 6.0465 ppb (AM flight) and
    3.8282 ppb (PM flight).

    Future Directions
    EPA doesnt regulate or control NH3 from vehicle

    emissions , yet.
    Utilize more calibration factors with current data
    Compare NH3 to another indicator of vehicular
    emissions.
    Collect more NH3 data in urban areas
    Utilize back trajectories

    Acknowledgments
    Dr. Emily Schaller & Rick Shetter
    S3 Team
    Steven Schill
    Dr. Barry Lefer & Dr. Tim Bertram
    Dr. Matt Zoerb| miniCIMS data
    Dr. Andreas Beyersdorf |AVOCET data

    Questions?

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