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Reddit
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Reddit Inc.
Reddit Logo
Type
Private
Founded June 23, 2005[1]
Headquarters
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Founder(s)
Steve Huffman
Alexis Ohanian
Key people
Steve Huffman (CEO)
Employees
71[2]
Slogan(s)
"The front page of the internet"
Website www.reddit.com
Written in
Python[3]
Alexa rank
negative increase 33 (July 2015)[4]
Type of site
Social news
Advertising
Banner ads, promoted links
Registration
Optional (required to submit, comment, or vote)
Available in
Multilingual, primarily English
Current status Active
Reddit (/'r?d?t/)[5] is an entertainment, social networking, and news website wh
ere registered community members can submit content, such as text posts or direc
t links, making it essentially an online bulletin board system. Registered users
can then vote submissions up or down to organize the posts and determine their
position on the site's pages. Content entries are organized by areas of interest
called "subreddits". The subreddit topics include news, gaming, movies, music,
books, fitness, food, and photosharing, among others.
Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis
Ohanian in 2005. Cond Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006. Reddit
became a direct subsidiary of Cond Nast's parent company, Advance Publications,
in September 2011. As of August 2012, Reddit operates as an independent entity,
although Advance is still its largest shareholder.[6] Reddit is based in San Fra
ncisco, California. In October 2014 Reddit raised $50 million in a funding round
led by Sam Altman and including investors Marc Andreessen, Peter Thiel, Ron Con
way, Snoop Dogg and Jared Leto.[7] Their investment saw the company valued at $5
00 million.[8][9]
Contents [hide]
1 Overview
1.1 Site
1.2 Users
2 Subreddits
2.1 IAmA and AMA
2.2 The Button
3 History
4 Technology
5 Demographics
6 Community and culture
6.1 Philanthropic efforts
6.2 Commercial activity
6.3 Reddit effect
6.4 "Restoring Truthiness" campaign
6.5 Controversies involving Reddit
7 See also
8 References
9 External links

Overview
Site
The site is a collection of entries submitted by its registered users, essential
ly a bulletin board system. The name "Reddit" is a play-on-words with the phrase
"read it", i.e., "I read it on Reddit."[10] The site's content is divided into
numerous categories, and 50 such categories, or "default subreddits", are visibl
e on the front page to new users and those who browse the site without logging i
n to an account. As of May 2014, these include:[11][12]
Category
Subreddits
Educational
News, Science, Space, TodayILearned (TIL) and WorldNews
Entertainment Creepy, Documentaries, Gaming, ListenToThis, Movies, Music, NoSl
eep, Sports, Television and Videos
Discussion-based
AskReddit, AskScience, Books, ExplainLikeImFive, History
, IAmA and TwoXChromosomes
Humor/light-hearted
DataIsBeautiful, Funny, InternetIsBeautiful, Jokes, NotT
heOnion, ShowerThoughts, TIFU and UpliftingNews
Image sharing Art, Aww, EarthPorn, Gifs, MildlyInteresting, OldSchoolCool, Pho
toshopBattles and Pics
Self-improvement
DIY, Fitness, Food, GetMotivated, LifeProTips, PersonalF
inance, Philosophy and WritingPrompts
Technology
Futurology and Gadgets
Meta
Announcements and Blog
When items (links or text posts) are submitted to a subreddit, users (redditors)
can vote for or against them (upvote/downvote). Each subreddit has a front page
that shows newer submissions that have been rated highly. Redditors can also po
st comments about the submission, and respond back and forth in a conversation-t
ree of comments; the comments themselves can also be upvoted and downvoted. The
front page of the site itself shows a combination of the highest-rated posts out
of all the subreddits a user is subscribed to.
for both the general front page and for individual subreddits
is
Front-page rank
determined by the age of the submission, positive ("upvoted") to negative ("dow
nvoted") feedback ratio and the total vote-count.[13] Dozens of submissions cycl
e through these front pages daily.
Users
Registering an account with Reddit is free and does not require an email address
to complete. Users are referred to as "redditors". When logged in, users have t
he ability to vote on submissions and comments to increase or decrease their vis
ibility and submit links and comments. Users can also create their own subreddit
on a topic of their choosing, and interested users can add it to their frontpag
e by subscribing to it. For example, as of May 2015, the Wikipedia subreddit sub
titled "the most interesting pages on Wikipedia" has over 151,000 subscribers.[1
4] Reddit comments and submissions are occasionally abbreviated and peppered wit
h terms that are understood within (and in many cases also outside) the Reddit c
ommunity, ranging from OP (for "original poster" the user who posted the submiss
ion being commented upon) to NSFW (for "not safe for work" - indicating the post
has graphic or sexually explicit content).[15] Users earn "link karma" and "com
ment karma" for submitting popular links and comments, which accumulate as point
values on their user profile. Users may also be gifted "Reddit gold" if another
user has well received the comment or post, generally due to humorous or high q
uality content. This is also known as gilding. Reddit has also created a system
of points called "creddits". Reddit gold "creddits" are like gift certificates:
each creddit you have allows you to give one month of Reddit gold to someone els
e. The points do not lead to a prize as they are meant to stand in as a badge of
honor for the user among their peers, although redditors have attempted to rede
em their points before.[16]
Reddit also allows submissions that do not link externally. These are called "se

lf posts" or "text submissions". Many discussion-based subreddits allow only tex

t-only submissions such as "AskReddit"
where users are only allowed to pose broa
d, discussion based questions to the community at large. Self posts do not accum
ulate karma points for the submitter, but they can still be voted on like other
content.
Mister Splashy Pants logo used on November 27, 2007
Reddit communities occasionally coordinate Reddit-external projects such as skew
ing polls on other websites, such as in 2007 when Greenpeace allowed web users t
o decide the name of a killer whale it was tracking. Reddit users voted en masse
to name the whale "Mr. Splashy Pants", and Reddit administrators further encour
aged this by changing the site logo to a whale during the voting. In December of
that year, Mister Splashy Pants was announced as the winner of the competition.
[17]
Within the site, Redditors commemorate their "cake day" once a year, which is th
e anniversary of the day the user's account was first created. The "cake day" of
fers no special benefit, except that a small icon representing a slice of cake a
ppears next to that user's name for 24 hours.[18]
Redditors can "friend" one another, which gives a redditor quick access to posti
ng and comments of their friend list. The commenting system and friend system, a
long with a certain "Reddit ethos" (called reddiquette on Reddit), lend Reddit a
spects of a social networking service, though not to the extent of Facebook, Goo
gle+, and other websites aimed at providing social networking services.
The Reddit community also socializes at local parks and bars around the world,[1
9] and many localized subreddits for local meetings exist.
Subreddits
Reddit entries are organized into areas of interest called "subreddits". Histori
cally, the front page was the main subreddit, and other areas were "subreddits".
There is now no main subreddit. Instead, there are multiple default subreddits
dealing with topics such as books, television, and music. Any registered user ma
y create a subreddit, although a link to do so does not appear on the user's hom
epage until after thirty days.[20] There are over 5,400 active subreddits to per
use,[21][22] with a default set of 50 subreddits as of May 2014.
Users may customize what is shown on their personal front page by subscribing to
individual subreddits through a page that shows all subreddits available. The s
ite's general front page is also accessible via a link to "all" at the top of th
e individual user's customized front page.
In an interview with Memeburn, Reddit GM, Martin noted that the platform's "appr
oach is to give the community moderators or curators as much control as possible
so that they can shape and cultivate the type of communities they want".[23]
IAmA and AMA
One of the most popular subreddits is IAmA ("I Am A") where a user may post "AMA
s" (for "Ask Me Anything"), or similarly "AMAAs" ( for "Ask Me Almost/Absolutely
prompts for others to ask questions about any topic. AMAs are open t
Anything")
o all Reddit users, and use the site's comment system for both questions and ans
wers; it is similar to a press conference, but online. This subreddit was founde
d in May 2009.[24] From 2013 to 2015, Victoria Taylor assisted reddit's voluntee
r community in presenting interviews.[25][26][27]
A number of notable individuals have participated in the IAmA subreddit, includi
ng United States President Barack Obama[28][29] (while campaigning for the 2012
election), Dave Grohl,[30] Madonna,[31] Chris Hadfield[32] (who answered questio

ns from the International Space Station), Bill Gates,[33] Ron Paul,[34] Stephen
Colbert,[35] Psy, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Rachel Maddow, Rene Fleming, M. Shadows,
Louis C.K., Roger Federer, Larry King, Philip Zimbardo, Bill Nye,[36] Stan Lee,
John Mather, David Copperfield, Paul Krugman, Danny Boyle, rapper J. Cole,[37]
Al Gore, Roger Ebert, Michael Bolton, Gary Johnson, Lawrence Krauss, Jill Stein,
Kevin Rudd, Julie Benz,[38] Amanda Palmer,[39] Tim Ferriss,[40] Gordon Ramsay,[
41] Peter Dinklage,[42] and Neil deGrasse Tyson.[43] As of April 2015, Barack Ob
ama's AMA is the highest rated on the site;[44] the increased traffic brought do
wn many parts of the website when the AMA occurred on August 29, 2012.[45]
Celebrities participating in IAmAs have seen both
s. Woody Harrelson's[46] AMA was criticized after
uestions that were unrelated to the movie Rampart
ast, rapper Snoop Dogg attracted 1.6 million page
AMA that provided several candid responses to the

positive and negative response

Harrelson declined to answer q
he was promoting.[47] In contr
views[48] after conducting an
community's questions.[49]

Other than Woody Harrelson, Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra's[50] AMA was crit
icized for evasiveness when she focused on promoting her upcoming album to the d
etriment of other questions. A particularly well received AMA of 2014 was that o
f Peter Dinklage,[51] best known for his role as Tyrion Lannister in the HBO dra
ma series Game of Thrones. Redditors attribute the thread's success to the thoro
ughness of his responses and the fact that he stayed online much longer than he
was expected to so he could spend more time with his fans. The actor departed by
commenting
This feels like being interviewed by a hundred thousand news anchors at once! Bu
t much friendlier anchors...who seem to know their material...I really appreciat
e everyone's enthusiasm and questions. I tried to move another engagement to mak
e more time but it's really hard during shoots. I am going to try to answer a fe
w more short ones now. And remember: If you see me on the street and want a phot
o, ask! It's just weird when your kid asks for directions.[52]
On July 2, 2015, hundreds of subreddits, including several with over a million s
ubscribers, were set to private by their respective moderators after Reddit's di
rector of talent, Victoria Taylor, was dismissed.[53][54][55][56][57][58] Source
s close to Reddit cited an increased focus on commercializing AMAs as the most l
ikely reason.[59][60]
The Button
Main article: The Button (Reddit)
In 2015, a subreddit called "thebutton", a social experiment was created for Apr
il Fools' Day. It contained a button and a countdown timer above the posts secti
on. Whenever someone clicked the button the timer would reset to 60 seconds,[61]
and upon the button's click, the user's "flair" (an icon next to her username)
changes color based on the time remaining when the button was clicked. The survi
val of the timer was limited by the fact that users could only click it once. Ad
ditionally, only accounts that were created before April 1 could click the butto
n. Flair colors granted for the click included: purple between 60s and 52s, blue
between 51s and 42s, green between 41s and 32s, yellow between 31s and 22s, ora
nge between 21s and 12s, and red between 11s and 0s.
The experiment ended on June 5, 2015.[62]
History
Further information: Timeline of Reddit
Co-founder Alexis Ohanian speaking in 2009.
In June 2005,[63] Reddit was founded in Medford, Massachusetts by Steve Huffman
and Alexis Ohanian, both 22-year-old graduates of the University of Virginia.[64
] The team expanded to include Christopher Slowe in November 2005. Between Novem

ber 2005 and January 2006 Reddit merged with Aaron Swartz's company Infogami, an
d Swartz became an equal owner of the resulting parent company, Not A Bug.[65][6
6] Cond Nast Publications, owner of Wired, acquired Reddit on October 31, 2006, a
nd the team moved to San Francisco.[67] In January 2007, Swartz was fired.[68]
By the end of 2008, the team had grown to include Erik Martin, Jeremy Edberg,[69
] David King,[70] and Mike Schiraldi.[71] In 2009, Huffman and Ohanian moved on
to form Hipmunk, recruiting Slowe[72] and King[73] shortly thereafter. In May 20
10, Reddit was named in Lead411's "2010 Hottest San Francisco Companies" list.[7
4] In July 2010, after explosive traffic growth, Reddit introduced Reddit Gold,
offering new features for a price of $3.99/month or $29.99/year.[75] Reddit Gold
adds a number of features to the interface, including the ability to display mo
re comments on a page, access to the private subreddit /r/lounge, and notificati
ons whenever one's username is mentioned in a comment. It's also possible to end
ow comments or submissions of other users and thereby give a gold membership to
them as an anonymous present.[76]
On September 6, 2011, Reddit became operationally independent of Cond Nast, now o
perating as a separate subsidiary of its parent company, Advance Publications.[7
7] On January 11, 2012, Reddit announced that it would be participating in a 12hour sitewide blackout in protest of the Stop Online Piracy Act.[78] The blackou
t occurred on January 18 and coincided with the blackouts of Wikipedia and sever
al other websites. In May 2012, Reddit joined the Internet Defense League, a gro
up formed to organize future protests.[79] On February 14, 2013, Reddit began ac
cepting the digital currency bitcoin for its Reddit Gold subscription service th
rough a partnership with bitcoin payment processor Coinbase.[80]
In October 2014, Reddit announced Redditmade, a service which allowed moderators
to create merchandise for their subreddits. Redditmade closed in February 2015.
[81] In November 2014, Chief Executive Yishan Wong resigned and co-founder Ohani
an returned as the full-time executive chairman. Ellen Pao, Reddit's business an
d partnerships strategist became the interim chief executive.[82] On July 10, 20
15, Pao resigned and was replaced by Steve Huffman as CEO.[83][84]
Technology
Reddit was originally written in Common Lisp but was rewritten in Python in Dece
mber 2005.[3] The reasons given for the switch were wider access to code librari
es and greater development flexibility. The Python web framework that former Red
dit employee Swartz developed to run the site, web.py, is now available as an op
en-source project.[85] On June 18, 2008, Reddit became an open source project.[8
6] With the exception of the anti-spam/cheating portions, all of the code and li
braries written for Reddit became freely available on GitHub.[87] As of November
10, 2009, Reddit uses Pylons as its web framework.[88]
As of November 10, 2009, Reddit has decommissioned their physical servers and mi
grated to Amazon Web Services.[89] Reddit uses PostgreSQL as their primary datas
tore and is slowly moving to Apache Cassandra, a column-oriented datastore. It u
ses RabbitMQ for offline processing, HAProxy for load balancing and memcached fo
r caching. In early 2009, Reddit started using jQuery.[90] On June 7, 2010, Redd
it staff launched a revamped mobile interface featuring rewritten CSS, a new col
or scheme, and a multitude of improvements.[91]
On July 21, 2010, Reddit outsourced the Reddit search engine to Flaptor, who use
d its search product IndexTank.[92] As of July 12, 2012, Reddit uses Amazon Clou
dSearch.[93] There are several unofficial applications that use the Reddit API i
n the Google Play store, and F-Droid repository. Examples include: Reddit is Fun
,[94] Andreddit,[95] F5, BaconReader,[96] Reddit Sync[97] and an Android tablet
specific application called Reddita.[98] There are also several Windows apps use
d to access Reddit, including unofficial Reddit apps such as ReddHub[99] and Red
dit To Go!.[100] An unofficial desktop application Reditr[101] exists that is co

mpatible with Windows, OS X, Linux and ChromeOS.

There are several Reddit applications for iOS. These include Alien Blue, Karma,
Upvote, iReddit, and iPad-specific applications such as Reddzine and Biscuit.[10
2] In September 2014, an official mobile application for browsing AMA (Ask Me An
ything) threads was released for the iOS and Android platforms under the name As
k me Anything.[103] As of October 2014, Alien Blue is now the official iOS Reddi
t app.[104]
Demographics
According to Google Ad Planner's estimate, as of May 2013, the median Reddit use
r is male (59%), 18 29 years of age, and is connecting from the United States (68%
). Pewinternet.org has stated that 6% of all American adult Internet users have
used Reddit and males were twice as likely to be Reddit users as females.[105]
Community and culture
The website is known for its open nature and diverse user community that generat
e its content. Its demographics allows for wide-ranging subject areas, or main s
ubreddits, that receive much attention, as well as the ability for smaller subre
ddits to serve more niche purposes. For example, the University of Reddit, a sub
reddit that exists to communally teach, emerged from the ability to enter and le
ave the online forum, the "classroom", at will, and classes ranging from compute
r science to music, to fine art theory exist.[106] The unique possibilities that
subreddits provide create new opportunities for raising attention and fostering
discussion across many areas. In gaining popularity in terms of unique users pe
r day, Reddit has been a platform for many to raise publicity for a number of ca
uses. And with that increased ability to garner attention and a large audience,
users can use one of the largest communities on the Internet for new, revolution
ary, and influential purposes.[107]
Its popularity has enabled users to take unprecedented advantage of such a large
community. Its innovative socially ranked rating and sorting system drives a me
thod that is useful for fulfilling certain goals of viewership or simply finding
answers to interesting questions. User sentiments about the website's function
and structure include feelings about the breadth and depth of the discussions on
Reddit and how the site makes it easy to discover new and interesting items. Al
most all of the user reviews on Alexa.com, which rates Reddit's monthly unique t
raffic rating 125th in the United States, mention Reddit's "good content" as a l
ikable quality. However, others raise the negative aspects of the potential for
Reddit's communities to possess a "hive mind" of sorts,[108] embodying some nega
tive aspects of group interaction theories like crowd psychology and collective
consciousness.
Philanthropic efforts
Reddit has been known as the instigator of several charity projects, some short
and others long-term, in order to benefit others. A selection of major events ar
e outlined below:
In early December 2010, members of the Christianity subreddit decided to hold a
fundraiser[109] and later members of the atheism subreddit decided to give some
friendly competition,[110] cross-promoting[111] fundraising drives for Mdecins Sa
ns Frontires (Doctors Without Borders) and World Vision's Clean Water Fund, respe
ctively. Later, the Islam subreddit joined in, raising money for Islamic Relief.
In less than a week, the three communities (as well as the Reddit community at
large) raised over $50,000.[112] Most of this was raised by the atheism subreddi
t, though the smaller Christianity subreddit had a higher average donation amoun
t per subscriber.[113] A similar donation drive in 2011 saw the atheism subreddi
t raise over $200,000 for charity.[114]
In early October 2010, a story was posted on Reddit about a seven-year-old girl,
Kathleen Edward, who was in the advanced stages of Huntington's disease. The gi

rl's neighbors were taunting her and her family. Redditors banded together and g
ave the girl a shopping spree[115][116] at Tree Town Toys, a toy store local to
the story owned by a Reddit user.
Reddit started the largest Secret Santa program in the world, which is still in
operation to date. For the 2010 Holiday season, 92 countries were involved in th
e Secret Santa program. There were 17,543 participants, and $662,907.60 was coll
ectively spent on gift purchases and shipping costs.[117][118][119] In 2014, abo
ut 200,000 users from 188 countries participated.[120]
Members from Reddit donated over $600,000 to DonorsChoose in support of Stephen
Colbert's March to Keep Fear Alive. The donation spree broke previous records fo
r the most money donated to a single cause by the Reddit community and resulted
in an interview with Colbert on Reddit.[121]
Reddit users donated $185,356 to Direct Relief for Haiti after an earthquake dev
astated the nation in January 2010.[122]
Reddit users donated over $70,000 to the Faraja Orphanage in the first 24 hours
to help secure the orphanage after intruders robbed and attacked one of the volu
nteers, Omari, who survived a strike to the head from a machete.[123]
In October 2012, Shitty Watercolour, a popular Redditor known for posting waterc
olor paintings on the website,[124][125][126] streamed live a 12-hour painting s
ession on YouTube to raise money for charity: water, a non-profit organization w
hich aims to provide potable drinking water in developing countries. Redditors d
onated a minimum of $10 to have a photo of their choice painted in a 5 cm by 5 c
m (2 in2 in) square section of large sheets of paper.[127][128] The paint-a-thon
raised $2,700.[129]
In February 2014, Reddit announced it would be donating 10% of its annual ad rev
enue to non-profits voted upon by its users.[130]
Reddit continued this policy for 2015. $82,765 was donated to each of the follow
ing: Electronic Frontier Foundation, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, D
octors Without Borders, Erowid Center, Wikimedia Foundation, Multidisciplinary A
ssociation for Psychedelic Studies, NPR, Free Software Foundation, Freedom From
Religion Foundation, and Tor Project.[131]
Commercial activity
In February 2013, Betabeat published a post that recognized the influx of multinational corporations like Costco, Taco Bell, Subaru, and McDonald's posting bra
nded content on Reddit that was made to appear as if it was original content fro
m legitimate Reddit users.[132] Reddit's former Director of Communications noted
that while a large number of Chief Marketing Officers want to "infiltrate the r
eddit community on behalf of their brand," she emphasized that "self-promotion i
s frowned upon" and the site is "100 percent organic."[133][134][135][136] She r
ecommended that advertisers design promotions that "spark conversations and feed
back."[137] She recommended that businesses use AMAs to get attention for public
figures, but cautioned It is important to approach AMAs carefully and be aware t
hat this may not be a fit for every project or client. [138] Nissan ran a successf
ul Branded content promotion offering users free gifts to publicize a new car,[1
39][140] though the company was later ridiculed for suspected astroturfing when
the CEO only answered puff piece questions on the site.[141][142] Taylor describ
ed these situations as "high risk" noting "We try hard to educate people that th
ey have to treat questions that may seem irreverent or out of left field the sam
e as they would questions about the specific project they are promoting."[143]
Reddit's users are more privacy-conscious than on other websites, using tools li
ke AdBlock and proxies,[144] and they hate "feeling manipulated by brands but res
pond well to "content that begs for intelligent viewers and participants."[145]
Lauren Orsini writes in ReadWrite that "Reddit's huge community is the perfect h
ype machine for promoting a new movie, a product release, or a lagging political
campaign" but "very specific set of etiquette. Redditors don t want to advertise
for you, they want to talk to you."[146]
Journalists have used the site as a basis for stories, though they are advised b
y the site's policies to respect that "reddit s communities belong to their member

s" and to seek proper attribution for people's contributions.[147]

Reddit effect
Main article: Slashdot effect
Also known as the "Slashdot effect", the Reddit effect occurs when a smaller web
site has a high influx of traffic due to Reddit.[148] It is also called the "Red
dit Hug of Death" among the website's users. Because Reddit is such a large site
, the traffic is immense and can easily crash smaller sites. In order for users
to see crashed websites, several Reddit bots have been created that take a snaps
hot of the website before large amounts of traffic flood the affected website.
"Restoring Truthiness" campaign
As a response to Glenn Beck's August 28, 2010, Restoring Honor rally (heavily pr
omoted by him in his Fox News broadcasts during the summer), in September 2010 R
eddit users started a movement to persuade Stephen Colbert to have a counter-ral
ly in Washington, D.C.[149] The movement, which came to be called "Restoring Tru
thiness", was started by user mrsammercer, in a post where he described waking u
p from a dream in which Stephen Colbert was holding a satirical rally in D.C.[15
0]
He writes, "This would be the high water mark of American satire. Half a million
people pretending to suspend all rational thought in unison. Perfect harmony. I
t'll feel like San Francisco in the late 60s, only we won't be able to get any a
cid."
The idea resonated with the Reddit community, which launched a campaign to bring
the event to life. Over $600,000[151] was raised for charity to gain the attent
ion of Colbert. The campaign was mentioned on-air several times, and when the Ra
lly to Restore Sanity and/or Fear was held in Washington, D.C. on October 30, 20
10, thousands of redditors made the journey.[152]
During a post-rally press conference, Reddit co-founder Ohanian asked, "What rol
e did the Internet campaign play in convincing you to hold this rally?" Jon Stew
art responded by saying that, though it was a very nice gesture, the two had alr
eady thought of the idea prior and the deposit on using the National Mall was al
ready paid during the summer, so it acted mostly as a "validation of what we wer
e thinking about attempting".[153] In a message to the Reddit community, Colbert
later added, "I have no doubt that your efforts to organize and the joy you cle
arly brought to your part of the story contributed greatly to the turnout and su
ccess."[154]
Controversies involving Reddit
See also: Controversial Reddit communities and Michael Brutsch
The website generally lets moderators on individual subreddits make editorial de
cisions about what content to allow, though permitting subreddits dedicated to c
ontroversial content.[155] Many of the default pages are highly moderated, with
the science subreddit banning climate change denialism,[156] and the "News" sect
ion banning opinion pieces and columns.[157] The site as a whole respects free s
peech for moderators, and this has led to the creation of several communities th
at have been perceived as offensive, including forums dedicated to jailbait (sin
ce banned) and pictures of dead bodies; several such subreddits were the focus o
f an edition of Anderson Cooper 360 in September 2011.[158] However, "Suggestive
or sexual content featuring minors" was not explicitly banned until February 20
12.[159] In a March 2015 survey of users, 50% of those who wouldn't recommend Re
ddit to a friend said that "Hateful content" was a concern.[160]
Following some controversial incidents of internet vigilantism, Reddit introduce
d a strict rule against the publication of non-public personally-identifying inf
ormation via the site (colloquially known as doxxing). Those who break the rule
are subject to a site-wide ban, and their posts and even entire communities may

be removed for breaking the rule.

On December 16, 2010, a Redditor named Matt posted a link describing how he has
donated a kidney, and included a JustGive link to encourage users to give donati
ons to the American Cancer Society.[161] After an initially positive reaction, R
eddit users began to become suspicious of Matt's intentions, and suggested that
he was keeping the donations for himself. Users telephoned his home and he recei
ved death threats. Matt eventually proved that he was genuine by uploading his d
octor's records.[162]
On October 18, 2011, an IT manager submitted a post to the subreddit "gameswap"
offering Redditors to trade one of 312 codes he had been given for the game Deus
Ex: Human Revolution.[163] A group of users obtained his personal details, and
began to blackmail him for the codes.[164] The Monday after uploading the post,
he received 138 threatening phone calls both at home and at his job, and by the
end of the day he had been fired.[165]
Following the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings, Reddit faced criticism after users
wrongly identified a number of people as suspects.[166] Notable among misidentif
ied bombing suspects was Sunil Tripathi, a student reported missing before the b
ombings took place. A body reported to be Sunil's was found in Rhode Island's Pr
ovidence River on April 25, 2013 as reported by the Rhode Island Health Departme
nt. The cause of death was not immediately known, but authorities said they did
not suspect foul play.[167] The family later confirmed Tripathi's death was a re
sult of suicide.[168] Reddit general manager Martin later issued an apology for
this behavior, criticizing the "online witch hunts and dangerous speculation" th
at took place on the website.[169] The incident was later referenced in the seas
on 5 episode of the CBS TV series The Good Wife titled "Whack-a-Mole".[170] and
The News Room.[171][172]
In late October 2013, the moderators of the politics subreddit banned a large gr
oup of websites. Many were left wing opinion websites, such as Mother Jones, The
Huffington Post, Salon, Alternet, Rawstory, The Daily Kos, Truthout, Media Matt
ers, and ThinkProgress as well as some popular progressive blog sites, such as D
emocratic Underground and Crooks and Liars. They also banned a number of right w
ing sites Drudge Report, Breitbart, The Daily Caller, Dailypaul, Power Line, and R
eason. Salon reported that "the section's moderators explained in a post on Tues
day, the goal is 'to reduce the number of blogspam submissions and sensationalis
t titles.' The purge, the moderators explained, is also aimed at sites that prov
ide lots of "bad journalism."[173] The December 2013 list of banned websites has
been modified since late October, and sites with original content, such as Moth
er Jones and The Huffington Post, are allowed.[174] Moderators also banned RT, w
hich moderators stated was due to vote manipulation and spam, though one moderat
or stated that he wanted RT banned because it is Kremlin backed.[175][176]
In January 2014, Mother Jones published a story describing the sale of guns on t
he site. The report suggested that sellers were doing so to exploit a loophole i
n federal law.[177] Nearly 100 AR-15s were engraved with the Reddit logo as part
of licensing deal made with the page in 2011.[178][179][180][181]
In August 2014, photos from the 2014 celebrity photo hack were widely disseminat
ed across the site.[182][183] A dedicated subreddit called "TheFappening" was cr
eated for this purpose,[184] and contained links to most if not all of the crimi
nally obtained explicit images.[185][186][187][188][189] Some images of Liz Lee
and McKayla Maroney from the leak were identified by Reddit users and outside co
mmentators as child pornography because the photos were taken when the women wer
e underage.[190] The subreddit was banned on September 6.[191] The scandal led t
o wider criticisms concerning the website's administration from The Verge and Th
e Daily Dot.[192][193]

On December 18, 2014, Reddit took the unusual step of banning a subreddit 'SonyG
OP' that was being used to distribute hacked Sony files.[194]
After the Charleston church shooting, Reddit was cited as a website with "skewed
enforcement" due to a recent banning of five subreddits which did not include a
subreddit that went on to include "posts expressing support" for Dylann Roof.[1
95] Reddit issued a statement to BBC that they are "committed to promoting free
expression." and that "There are some subreddits with very little viewership tha
t get highlighted repeatedly for their content, but those are a tiny fraction of
the content on the site."[196]
After Pao became CEO, Reddit shut down the 150,000 subscriber subreddit 'fatpeop
lehate' and four others on June 10, 2015, citing issues related to harassment.[1
97] This move was seen as very controversial with some commenters saying the ban
s went too far and some saying not far enough.[198] Reddit users also criticized
Pao's lawsuit and complained about deletions of posts concerning Pao on Reddit.
[199]
On July 2, 2015, Reddit began experiencing a series of blackouts as moderators s
et popular subreddit communities to private, in an event dubbed "AMAgeddon"
a po
rtmanteau of AMA ("ask me anything") and Armageddon. This was done in protest of
the recent firing of Victoria Taylor, an administrator who helped organize citi
zen-led interviews with famous people on the popular "Ask me Anything" subreddit
. Organizers of the blackout also expressed resentment about the recent severanc
e of the communication between Reddit and the moderators of subreddits.[200] The
blackout intensified on July 3 when former community manager David Croach gave
an AMA about being fired. Before deleting his posts, he stated that Ellen Pao di
smissed him with one year of health coverage when he had cancer and did not reco
ver quickly enough.[201][202] Following this, a Change.org petition to remove Pa
o as CEO of Reddit Inc. reached over 200,000 signatures.[203][204][205] Pao post
ed a response on July 3 as well as an extended version of it on July 6 in which
she apologized for bad communication and not delivering on promises. She also ap
ologized on behalf of the other administrators and noted that problems already e
xisted over the past several years.[206][207][208][209] On July 10, Pao resigned
as CEO and was replaced by former CEO and co-founder Steve Huffman.[83][210]
See also
General
Internet culture
PTT Bulletin Board System
Social bookmarking
Web 2.0
Reddit-specific
Unidan
Portal icon
Internet portal
Similar websites
4chan
Digg
Diigo
Delicious
Fark
MetaFilter
Slashdot
StumbleUpon
Voat
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Jump up ^ Hathaway, Jay (11 November 2014). "Here's How The Newsroom Covered Red
dit's Failed Boston Bombing Manhunt". Retrieved 27 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Fallon, Kevin. " Newsroom Premiere: Aaron Sorkin Puts CNN on Blast Over t
he Boston Bombing". Retrieved 27 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Oremus, Will (November 1, 2013). "Reddit politics: r/politics mods ban
Mother Jones, others for "bad journalism."". Slate. Retrieved December 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "filtereddomains politics". Reddit.com. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
Jump up ^ "Reddit's r/news bans RT.com for alleged spamming". The Daily Dot. Ret
rieved December 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Reddit moderator pushed for RT ban 'simply because it's Kremlin'". Re
trieved December 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ Follman, Mark (January 8, 2014). "How Reddit Became a Gun Market and Aut
horized Its Logo on Assault Rifles". Mother Jones. Retrieved January 9, 2014.

Jump up ^ Nocera, Joe (January 9, 2014). "The Gun Report: January 9, 2014". New
York Times. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "How Reddit Became a Gun Market and Authorized Its Logo on Assault Rifle
s". Mother Jones. 8 Jan 2014. Taylor, Reddit's communications director, confirme
d the licensing of the logo: "The AR-15 is a very common firearm (it is arguably
the most popular gun in America) so while unusual, it's not surprising that the
gun community on Reddit would want to create a custom accessory... We granted a
one-time license for a group buy back in early 2011 for the Reddit alien to app
ear on a small run of AR-15 lowers at the request of the active gun enthusiast c
ommunity on Reddit."
Jump up ^ "Alexis Ohanian Takes An Unexpected Stand On Reddit s Gun Problem". Fast
Company (magazine). 31 Jan 2014.
Jump up ^ "You Can Find Almost Anything on Reddit
Including Guns". Adweek. 9 Jan
2014. Reddit neither condones nor does not condone the buying and selling of fir
earms through the site, as long as users are not using the site to violate appli
cable US laws.
Jump up ^ "Say hello to men who hate NSA spying but blame women for being spied
on". The Verge. September 1, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Is Apple's iCloud safe after leak of Jennifer Lawrence and other cele
brities' nude photos?". The Independent. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Celebrity Naked Photos Leaked
#theFappening
So You Have A Girlfriend"
. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Fappening Is Being Broadcast Live On Reddit With 100,000+ Viewers
". Business 2 Community. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
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t weighs in on 'The Fappening' and the iCloud". Metro. Retrieved December 26, 20
14.
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ities". Daily Mail. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hunt begins for hacker behind Jennifer Lawrence nude photo theft". Th
e Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
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wsComAu. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Price, Rob. "There's child porn in the massive celebrity nudes hack".
The Daily Dot. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Geller, Eric. "Reddit just banned the subreddit at the center of Celeb
gate". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
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Media. Retrieved 2014-11-02.
Jump up ^ Sankin, Aaron. "Is Reddit broken beyond repair?". The Daily Dot. Retri
eved 2 November 2014.
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". Retrieved 4 January 2015.
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ws. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
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ws. Retrieved July 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bokhari, Allum. "Will Reddit Revolt Against Ellen Pao?". Breitbart. Re
trieved 11 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Woollacott, Emma. "Users Flock To Voat As Reddit Shuts Harassing Group
s". Forbes. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Celarier, Michelle (18 March 2015). "Users lash out at Reddit boss for
deleting posts on hubby s lawsuit". New York Post. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Reddit in uproar after staff sacking". BBC News. BBC. 3 July 2015. Re
trieved 3 July 2015. About 100 chat sections, or sub-reddits, that together have
millions of readers are believed to have been shut. Reddit's only comment about
the issue has been to say that it did not talk about 'individual employee matte
rs'. The protests were led by the volunteer moderators of the AMA section, which
said in an explanatory posting that they needed Ms Taylor to keep the sub-reddi
t functioning. Ms Taylor helped organise guests for AMAs and worked to verify th

at people due to answer questions were who they said they were. There had been n
o explanation of why she was suddenly sacked, said the administrators.
Jump up ^ "Reddit: Laute Rufe nach Absetzung von CEO Ellen Pao". 4 July 2015. Re
trieved 5 July 2015. Zwar sind einige Foren wieder entsperrt, trotzdem ist Pao w
eiterhin Ziel vielerlei Angriffe. Zustzliches l ins Feuer goss ein ehemaliger Comm
unity Manager der Online-Community, der angab von der Reddit-Chefin aufgrund sei
ner Krebserkrankung gefeuert worden zu sein. Zuvor wurde dem an Leukmie erkrankte
n Mitarbeiter eingerumt, beim Unternehmen zu verbleiben
allerdings meldete sich P
ao nur wenig spter und gab ihm zu wissen, dass er aufgrund seiner Erkrankung nich
t mehr bei Reddit verbleiben knnte. So zumindest die Behauptung, die wenig spter o
ffline ging.
Jump up ^ "Reddit s CEO Allegedly Fired an Employee For Having Cancer and Not Reco
vering Fast Enough". Retrieved 5 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "More than 200k people have signed a petition calling for Reddit s Ellen
Pao to step down". The Washington Post. 6 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Musil, Steven (5 July 2015). "Petition for Pao resignation from Reddit
grows to 130K". Cnet. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Malik, Naureen; Jones, Tim (5 July 2015). "Reddit CEO Pao Under Fire a
s Users Protest Removal of Executive". Bloomberg. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Reddit CEO Ellen Pao apologizes: 'We screwed up' By Laurie Segall and
Chris Isidore CNN.com July 6, 2015
Jump up ^ Reddit CEO Ellen Pao Issues an Apology for the Direction of the Site b
y Laura Entis FoxNews.com July 06, 2015
Jump up ^ Jack Linshi. "Ellen Pao: Reddit CEO Apologizes After Petition for Her
to Resign". TIME.com.
Jump up ^ Titcomb, James (7 July 2015). "Petition calling for Reddit boss Ellen
Pao to resign hits 200,000 as she admits 'we screwed up'". The Telegraph. Retrie
ved 7 July 2015.
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f". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). Retrieved 10 July 2015.
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