Modern Management, 13e (Certo/Certo)

Chapter 4 Management and Diversity

1) The minority group in an organization lacks critical power, resources, acceptance, and social
status.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 78
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
2) The term "majority group" does not necessarily refer to the group with a numerical majority.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 78
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
3) Diversity in the managerial ranks can enhance decision making, but has little influence on
gaining market share.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 79
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
4) Including nontraditional employees in fair competition for advancement decreases the quality
of management in the organization.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 80
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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5) One of the advantages of a diverse workforce is that it is more resilient when faced with
change.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 80
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
6) The belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customs are superior to that of others is
known as ethnocentrism.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
7) A stereotype is a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived
attributes.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
8) Discrimination is a preconceived judgment, opinion, or assumption about an issue, behavior,
or group of people.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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9) "Token" employees are always given very high visibility in an organization.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 83
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
10) Gender-role stereotypes are negative perceptions of women based on what society believes
are appropriate behaviors for them.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 83
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
11) The glass ceiling refers to an invisible "ceiling," or a barrier to advancement for minorities in
organizations.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 83
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
12) Role conflict refers to the situation in which a person has too many expectations to
comfortably fulfill.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 84
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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13) Reverse discrimination is the term used to describe inequities affecting members of the
minority group as an outcome of programs designed to assist the majority group.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 87
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
14) Pluralism refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged, accepted, and
seen as significant contributors to the entirety.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
15) The major advantage of the "Golden Rule" approach to achieving workforce diversity is that
individuals approach it from their own particular frame of reference.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
16) The assimilation approach advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture
of the organization.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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17) The culture-specific approach to encouraging diversity gives employees a genuine

appreciation for the culture they are about to encounter.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
18) The multicultural approach gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for
both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 90
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
19) Managers who have progressed to Donaldson's "conscious incompetence" stage learn how to
interact with diverse groups and cultures by deliberately thinking about how to behave.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 92
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
20) Managers who have progressed to Donaldson's "unconscious competence" stage will be most
effective in managing a diverse workforce.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 92
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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21) In an organization, the group of people who hold most of the positions that command
decision-making power is known as the ________.
A) majority group
B) model minority
C) determinant group
D) functional group
E) working group
Answer: A
Page Ref: 78
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
22) The finance department of Lewis & Sons only accounts for 10% of the employees, but
wields the decision-making power and controls resources and information. As a result, the
finance department of Lewis & Sons is considered to be a ________.
A) determinant group
B) majority group
C) secondary group
D) minority group
E) model minority
Answer: B
Page Ref: 78
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
Objective: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Application
23) In an organization, the group of people who lack critical power, resources, acceptance, and
social status is known as the ________.
A) primary group
B) advocacy group
C) minority group
D) special interest group
E) majority group
Answer: C
Page Ref: 78
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
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24) Which of the following is true regarding the majority and minority groups in an
organization?
A) The minority group can have more people than the majority group.
B) The majority group lacks power and resources compared to the minority group.
C) The top management constitutes a minority group that commands decision-making power.
D) The majority group in any organization lacks social status and acceptance.
E) The minority group possesses decision-making power in organizations.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 78
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
25) 95% of workers at Minipax Packaging Services are low-skilled workers, many of whom are
from ethnic minorities. The turnover among workers is high and most decisions in the company
are made by the top management, which makes up only 5% of the workforce. Which of the
following statements is true for Minipax?
A) The workers form the majority group as they outnumber the top management by 19 to 1.
B) The minority group in Minipax has control of the resources and decision-making power.
C) The top management constitutes a majority group that commands decision-making power.
D) The majority group in Minipax lacks social status and acceptance.
E) The majority group in Minipax outnumbers the minority group.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 78
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
Objective: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Application
26) A diverse workforce in a company ________.
A) alienates the company's customers
B) enhances the company's credibility with customers
C) hampers innovation and decision making
D) increases operational costs and expenditure
E) reduces the market penetration ability of the company
Answer: B
Page Ref: 79
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
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27) Which of the following is an advantage of a diverse workforce?

A) less resilience to change
B) decreased market share
C) decreased innovation
D) decreased costs
E) lower productivity
Answer: D
Page Ref: 79
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
28) Staffing an organization with nontraditional employees ________.
A) hampers the organization's ability to withstand change
B) demotivates the minority employees in the organization
C) increases costs in the organization
D) increases customer dissatisfaction
E) improves the quality of management
Answer: E
Page Ref: 79
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
29) ________ are statistical characteristics of a population.
A) Biographics
B) Demographics
C) Psychographics
D) Chronographics
E) Reprographics
Answer: B
Page Ref: 81
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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30) Which of the following is one of the demographic facts established in the Hudson Institute
report?
A) Fewer women will enter the workforce.
B) The average age of the workforce will decrease.
C) The population and workforce will grow more rapidly than at any time since the 1930s.
D) The pool of young workers entering the workforce will shrink.
E) Minorities will make up a smaller share of new entrants into the labor force.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 81
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
31) The changing demographics of a population over an extended period can give managers
insight into ________.
A) the future diversity management challenges
B) the future competition level in the market
C) the future price that their product will command
D) the future changes in the technological environment
E) a future legislation they will have to deal with
Answer: A
Page Ref: 81
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
32) The belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customers are superior to that of others
is known as ________.
A) pluralism
B) bicultural stress
C) ethnocentrism
D) role conflict
E) tokenism
Answer: C
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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33) A Japanese organization has just moved into the United States to expand its operations there.
The management of the company places significant emphasis on Japanese culture and the ways
of working. As a result, even after moving to the United States, the company prefers to hire more
Japanese people than Americans. The company is said to have a(n) ________ attitude.
A) ethnocentric
B) objective
C) relativistic
D) subjective
E) pluralistic
Answer: A
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
34) Which of the following statements is an instance of ethnocentrism?
A) Jerry's Garage has an unwritten policy not to hire Hispanic workers as the management
believes that they are unreliable.
B) PBJ Inc. only hires candidates with a high-school diploma as the company processes require a
certain level of literacy.
C) Sunshine Sales hires a majority of Spanish-speaking salespeople, as it has a large market
among the Hispanic population.
D) The U.S. branch of Golden Dragon Ltd., a Chinese company, hires Chinese workers as the
management feels that they best reflect the organization values.
E) Divya's Designs is a bridal boutique that focuses on Indian outfits and caters mainly to Indian
clientele.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Difficult
Classification: Application

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35) Which of the following statements is true about prejudice?

A) It is a preconceived belief that one's own group is superior to that of others.
B) It is a preconceived judgment, opinion, or assumption about an issue, behavior, or group of
people.
C) It is the stress of coping with membership in two cultures simultaneously.
D) It is a statistical representation of the characteristics of a given population.
E) It refers to a situation where people have too many expectations to comfortably fulfill.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
36) A positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes is
known as ________.
A) a stereotype
B) a prejudice
C) ethnocentrism
D) tokenism
E) discrimination
Answer: A
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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37) Which of the following statements is an instance of stereotyping?

A) Jerry's Garage has an unwritten policy not to hire Hispanic workers as the management
believes that they are unreliable.
B) PBJ Inc. only hires candidates with a high-school diploma as the company processes require a
certain level of literacy.
C) Sunshine Sales hires a majority of Spanish-speaking salespeople, as it has a large market
among the Hispanic population.
D) The U.S. branch of Golden Dragon Productions prefers to hire Chinese workers as the
management feels that they best reflect the organization values.
E) Divya's Designs is a bridal boutique that focuses on Indian outfits and caters mainly to Indian
clientele.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
38) Alice is an American student of Chinese origin. Her grades fell significantly during the last
semester. Disappointed with her grades, Alice's teacher told her that she should be working
harder and be more dedicated to her studies as a result of her Chinese heritage. The teacher's
attitude can be described as ________.
A) bicultural conflict
B) tokenism
C) stereotyping
D) ethnocentrism
E) feminism
Answer: C
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Application

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39) Treating an issue, person, or behavior unjustly or inequitably on the basis of stereotypes and
prejudices is known as ________.
A) tokenism
B) discrimination
C) ethnocentrism
D) bicultural conflict
E) xenocentrism
Answer: B
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
40) Being one of a very few members of a group in an organization is known as ________.
A) discrimination
B) prejudicing
C) ethnocentrism
D) tokenism
E) stereotyping
Answer: D
Page Ref: 83
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
41) Which of the following is true for tokenism?
A) It refers to the situation in which a person is one of few members of his or her group in an
organization.
B) It refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged and seen as significant
contributors to the entirety.
C) It is the belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customs are superior to those of
others.
D) It discriminates against members of the majority group in order to help groups that are
underrepresented in the organization.
E) It is a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 83
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
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42) As the only female copywriters in a team of twenty-three, Shania and Taylor are always a
part of client meetings and public company occasions. This is an instance of ________.
A) tokenism
B) stereotyping
C) prejudicing
D) ethnocentrism
E) polycentrism
Answer: A
Page Ref: 83
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
43) Perceptions about the sexes based on what society believes are appropriate behaviors for men
and women ________.
A) are instances of sexual harassment
B) are gender-role stereotypes
C) are sources of pluralism
D) are indications of ethnocentrism
E) are results of bicultural stress
Answer: B
Page Ref: 83
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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44) Sally has been in the finance department of Towsend's for the past eight years and is the
longest-serving employee in the department. Though she has the experience and the
qualifications to become a manager, a male colleague who was not as qualified was promoted
over her. Sally notices that all the management positions in the company are occupied by males,
even though there are many well-qualified women in the organization. Which of the following
describes the above situation?
A) double burden
B) white privilege
C) gray ceiling
D) levelling mechanism
E) glass ceiling
Answer: E
Page Ref: 83
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Application
45) Sexual harassment is a form of ________.
A) relativism
B) acculturation
C) pluralism
D) discrimination
E) bicultural stress
Answer: D
Page Ref: 83
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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46) When Alan went to Japan on a business assignment, he realized that the country has a
longstanding tradition of people exchanging gifts during a business deal. For him, this practice
was as bad as taking a bribe. What kind of a situation is Alan facing?
A) role conflict
B) bicultural stress
C) discrimination
D) the glass ceiling
E) role overload
Answer: B
Page Ref: 84
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Application
47) Which of the following is a characteristic of bicultural stress?
A) role conflict
B) balanced growth
C) improved skills
D) reverse discrimination
E) pluralism
Answer: A
Page Ref: 84
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
48) Having to fill competing roles because of membership in two cultures causes ________.
A) pluralism
B) role conflict
C) role overload
D) ethnocentrism
E) tokenism
Answer: B
Page Ref: 84
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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49) Having too many expectations to comfortably fulfill is termed as ________.

A) role overload
B) role conflict
C) pluralism
D) tokenism
E) role ambiguity
Answer: A
Page Ref: 84
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
50) Ayesha is an Israeli immigrant to the United States. She works for a pharmaceutical company
and is not only a gender minority, but also an ethnic minority in the company. Her peers,
colleagues, and subordinates expect a lot from her. She is having a tough time fulfilling all these
expectations. Ayesha is said to be facing ________.
A) role ambiguity
B) role conflict
C) role insufficiency
D) role interference
E) role overload
Answer: E
Page Ref: 84
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
51) Which of the following is true regarding older workers?
A) They avoid working nontraditional schedules.
B) They do not make good mentors.
C) They increase benefits cost to the organization.
D) They are more open to change.
E) They have adequate technology experience.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 84
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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52) Which of the following is one of Sonnenfeld's findings concerning older workers?
A) They tend to be low performers.
B) They are less likely to take risks.
C) They are more open to changes.
D) They are low-cost workers.
E) They are less cautious.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 84
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
53) Promoting diversity within the organization ________.
A) increases costs associated with employee retention
B) reduces the ability of the company to capture market share
C) reduces the amount spent on discrimination lawsuits
D) decreases the commitment level of employees at the lower levels
E) increases the expenses associated with turnover of employees
Answer: C
Page Ref: 79
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 2
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
54) Which of the following is true for organizations that welcome diversity?
A) A diverse organization will lead to reduced customer insight.
B) The organization will see lower productivity and increased costs as a result of this.
C) It will be difficult to develop and implement innovations to the organization's products and
services.
D) Employee retention will increase, resulting in lower recruitment costs.
E) The organization will have to hire less competent employees and training costs will increase.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 79
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 2
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application

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Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

55) According to the Hudson Institute report, ________.

A) benefits and policies for women workers must be increased
B) the United States must pay more attention to its own share of world trade and less on the
growth of other economies
C) prosperity will depend upon how fast productivity grows in manufacturing
D) minority workers must be integrated into the economy, within certain limits
E) the average age of the American worker will decrease
Answer: A
Page Ref: 81
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
56) ________ programs are designed to eliminate barriers and increase opportunities for
underutilized or disadvantaged individuals.
A) Reverse discrimination
B) Affirmative action
C) Ethnic nepotism
D) Positive liberty
E) Social Darwinism
Answer: B
Page Ref: 86
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
57) When a majority group member experiences inequities as a result of programs designed to
help underrepresented groups, it is called ________.
A) tokenism
B) affirmative action
C) reverse discrimination
D) pluralism
E) stereotyping
Answer: C
Page Ref: 87
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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58) A major league basketball team has more African-American players than white players. It is
about to recruit five more players and the management has specifically asked the coach to ensure
that three out of the five new players are white. This is causing irritation among the AfricanAmerican players who want to be part of the team. This is an example of ________.
A) reverse discrimination
B) pluralism
C) tokenism
D) stereotyping
E) dualism
Answer: A
Page Ref: 87
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
59) Effective diversity efforts within an organization will involve ________.
A) tying organizational rewards to managers' commitment to diversity
B) noncompliance with affirmative action and EEOC standards
C) basing the diversity strategy solely on compliance with affirmative action and EEOC policies
D) enforcing affirmative action and EEOC policies, but not providing training
E) complying with narrowly defined external policies with sporadic training
Answer: A
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
60) ________ refers to an environment in which cultural, group, and individual differences are
acknowledged, accepted, and viewed as significant contributors to the entirety.
A) Biculturalism
B) Pluralism
C) Xenocentrism
D) Ethnocentrism
E) Tokenism
Answer: B
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
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61) The ________ approach to diversity relies on the biblical dictate, "Do unto others as you
would have them do unto you."
A) multicultural
B) golden rule
C) assimilation
D) righting-the-wrongs
E) culture-specific
Answer: B
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
62) Which of the following is true of the "golden rule" approach to promoting diversity?
A) It requires that people know the culture of the other person.
B) It emphasizes individual morality.
C) It is applied from an individual's frame of reference.
D) It addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group.
E) It teaches employees the norms and practices of other cultures.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
63) The ________ approach's major weakness is that individuals apply the approach from their
own particular frame of reference without knowing the cultural expectations, traditions, and
preferences of the other person.
A) culture-specific
B) multicultural
C) golden rule
D) assimilation
E) righting-the-wrongs
Answer: C
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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64) The assimilation approach to promoting cultural diversity ________.

A) relies on the maxim "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"
B) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group
C) pressurizes employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform
D) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture
E) advocates incorporating changes into organization culture based on the cultures of employees
Answer: C
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
65) Which of the following is true regarding the assimilation approach?
A) It advocates incorporating changes into organization culture based on the cultures of new
employees.
B) It gathers the best from differing cultures and accepts a variety of viewpoints.
C) It promotes creativity in the organization by encouraging employees to share their individual
cultures and world views.
D) It creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that
could benefit the organization.
E) It addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group by developing policies to create
a more equitable set of conditions.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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66) Ruby's company, based in the United States, is not averse to recruiting people from different
cultures. On the contrary, it schedules an intensive training session to help the employees from
other cultures adopt and fit into the American culture. What kind of an approach does the
company use to achieve effective workforce diversity?
A) assimilation approach
B) righting-the-wrongs approach
C) culture-specific approach
D) multicultural approach
E) golden rule approach
Answer: A
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
67) The righting-the-wrongs approach ________.
A) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with
people from that culture effectively
B) gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture
and variations in personal characteristics
C) advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization
D) relies on the maxim "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"
E) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group by developing policies to create a
more equitable set of conditions
Answer: E
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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68) The approach to cultural diversity that most closely parallels affirmative action policies is the
________ approach.
A) multicultural
B) golden rule
C) assimilation
D) righting-the-wrongs
E) culture-specific
Answer: D
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
69) The ________ approach teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to
prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively.
A) culture-specific
B) multicultural
C) golden rule
D) assimilation
E) righting-the-wrongs
Answer: A
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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70) The culture-specific approach ________.

A) creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could
benefit the organization
B) pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform to the prevailing
culture
C) teaches employees the norms and practices of another culture to prepare them to interact with
people from that culture effectively
D) advocates change on the part of management, employees, and organization systems and
structures
E) allows individuals to follow the approach from their own particular frame of reference
without knowing the cultural expectations, traditions, and preferences of the other person
Answer: C
Page Ref: 90
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
71) The multicultural approach ________.
A) gives employees the opportunity to develop an appreciation for both differences of culture
and variations in personal characteristics
B) advocates shaping organization members to fit the existing culture of the organization
C) creates a homogeneous culture that suppresses the creativity and diversity of views that could
benefit the organization
D) pressures employees who do not belong to the dominant culture to conform
E) addresses past injustices experienced by a particular group
Answer: A
Page Ref: 90
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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72) Eli International has just begun a recruitment drive in colleges. Hoping to increase the
cultural diversity within the organization, recruiters are focusing on candidates from a number of
minority communities. The organization firmly believes that different cultural viewpoints can
contribute to innovation and customer insights. The company must hold training sessions with
existing employees to help them welcome and understand their new colleagues. Which of the
following approaches will best help the company achieve all its goals?
A) assimilation approach
B) "golden rule" approach
C) multicultural approach
D) righting-the-wrongs approach
E) culture-specific approach
Answer: C
Page Ref: 90
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
73) The ________ approach focuses on how interpersonal skills and attitudinal changes relate to
organizational performance.
A) culture-specific
B) multicultural
C) golden rule
D) assimilation
E) righting-the-wrongs
Answer: B
Page Ref: 90
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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74) Planning for diversity involves ________.

A) setting recruitment goals for members of underrepresented groups
B) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
C) overseeing compliance with the legal stipulations of EEOC and affirmative action
D) evaluating the extent to which diversity goals are being achieved
E) managers encouraging and supporting employees to participate constructively in a diverse
work environment
Answer: A
Page Ref: 90
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
75) Managerial responsibilities in the area of organizing include ________.
A) setting diversity goals for hiring of employees within a department
B) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
C) setting recruitment goals for members of underrepresented groups
D) continuously monitoring the different units' progress with respect to the diversity goals
E) overseeing compliance with the legal stipulations of EEOC and affirmative action
Answer: B
Page Ref: 90-91
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
76) In the area of diversity, influencing organization members means that the managers must
________.
A) establish task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
B) carefully choose the work assignments to support the career development of all the employees
C) encourage and support employees to participate constructively in a diverse work environment
D) set diversity goals for hiring of employees within a department
E) select the diversity training programs for the organization
Answer: C
Page Ref: 91
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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77) In the area of diversity, controlling involves ________.

A) establishing task forces or committees to explore issues and provide ideas
B) carefully choosing work assignments to support the career development of all employees
C) evaluating the extent to which diversity goals are being achieved
D) the evaluation activities necessary to assess the diversity efforts
E) the selection of the diversity training programs for the organization
Answer: D
Page Ref: 91
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
78) A manager collected data on the rate of promotions of African-American men in her division
to assess the effectiveness of diversity training within the division. In doing so, she was involved
in the activity of ________.
A) planning
B) influencing
C) organizing
D) controlling
E) leading
Answer: D
Page Ref: 91
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
79) The process of raising managers' awareness and developing their competencies to deal with
the issues endemic to managing a diverse workforce is known as ________.
A) assimilation
B) reverse discrimination
C) diversity training
D) affirmative action
E) role overload
Answer: C
Page Ref: 92
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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80) In the ________ stage, managers are unaware of behaviors they engage in that are
problematic for members of other groups.
A) unconscious incompetence
B) conscious incompetence
C) conscious competence
D) unconscious competence
E) controlled competence
Answer: A
Page Ref: 92
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
81) In which of the following stages do managers go through a learning process in which they
become attentive of behaviors that make them clumsy in their interactions with members of
diverse groups?
A) unconscious incompetence
B) conscious incompetence
C) conscious competence
D) unconscious competence
E) controlled incompetence
Answer: B
Page Ref: 92
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

29
Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

82) Bill manages a large department with employees from diverse cultural backgrounds. A
review of his management style revealed that Bill's informal way of speaking to employees is
offensive to some people who come from cultures where formality and respect are the norm
between different organizational levels. Which stage of progress in managing a diverse
workforce is Bill in?
A) unconscious incompetence
B) conscious incompetence
C) conscious competence
D) unconscious competence
E) controlled incompetence
Answer: A
Page Ref: 92
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
83) According to Donaldson and Scannell, in which of the following stages do managers learn
how to interact with diverse groups and cultures by deliberately thinking about how to behave?
A) conscious competition
B) controlled incompetence
C) conscious competence
D) unconscious competence
E) unconscious incompetence
Answer: C
Page Ref: 92
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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84) According to Donaldson and Scannell, managers are the most effective with respect to
interacting in a diverse workforce in the ________ stage.
A) conscious competition
B) conscious incompetence
C) conscious competence
D) unconscious competence
E) unconscious incompetence
Answer: D
Page Ref: 92
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
85) A&M Global Services recently instituted an organization-wide policy aimed at increasing
diversity within the organization. Though recruitment practices complied with the policy and
management conducted intensive diversity training sessions, employee support of the initiative
has been negligible. Which of the following will most likely encourage employee cooperation in
this situation?
A) ethnocentrism
B) diversity training
C) social rewards
D) top-down support
E) coping mechanisms
Answer: C
Page Ref: 92
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
Objective: 5
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application

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86) What is diversity and what are the advantages of a diverse workforce?
Answer: Diversity refers to characteristics of individuals that shape their identities and the
experiences they have in society. The following are some advantages of a diverse workforce:
a. It improves the ability of the organization in gaining and keeping its market share.
b. It helps in cost savings.
c. It increases the productivity of the organization.
d. It brings a more innovative workforce into the organization.
e. It helps in motivating the minority and women employees.
f. It produces better quality of managers.
g. It helps in building a workforce that is more resilient when faced with change.
Page Ref: 79
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 1, 2
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Conceptual
87) Write a short essay on ethnocentrism and other negative dynamics that can interfere with
workforce productivity.
Answer: Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own group, culture, country, or customs are
superior to that of others. Two other dynamics that are closely related with ethnocentrism are
prejudices and stereotypes. A prejudice is a preconceived judgment, opinion, or assumption
about an issue, behavior, or group of people. A stereotype is a positive or negative assessment of
members of a group or their perceived attributes.
Managers should know about ethnocentrism and stereotyping so that they can monitor their own
perceptions and help their employees view diverse coworkers more accurately.
When verbalized or acted upon, these negative dynamics cause discomfort and stress for the
judged individual. In some cases, it leads to discrimination. Discrimination is the act of treating
an issue, person, or behavior unjustly or inequitably on the basis of stereotypes and prejudices.
Discrimination occurs when stereotypes are acted upon in ways that affect hiring, pay, or
promotion practices. Other challenges facing minorities and women include the pressure to
conform to the organization's culture, high penalties for mistakes, and tokenism.
Tokenism refers to being one of few members of your group in the organization. "Token"
employees are given either very high or very low visibility in the organization. Minorities are
seen as representatives or "spokespersons" for all members of their group. As such, they are
subject to high expectations and scrutiny from members of their own group.
Page Ref: 82
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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88) Briefly discuss the discrimination against women in organizations.

Answer: Women in organizations confront gender-role stereotypes, or perceptions about people
based on what our society believes are appropriate behaviors for men and women. Both sexes
find their self-expression constrained by gender-role stereotyping.
A serious form of discrimination affecting women in organizations has been dubbed the "glass
ceiling." The glass ceiling refers to an invisible "ceiling," or barrier to advancement. This term
was originally coined to describe the limits confronting women but is also used to describe the
experiences of other minorities in organizations. Although both women and men struggle to
balance work and family concerns, it is still more common for women to assume primary
responsibility for household management as well as their careers, and sometimes they are denied
opportunities for advancement because of this stereotype.
Sexual harassment is another form of discrimination and is defined as any unwanted sexual
language, behavior, or imagery negatively affecting an employee. Although sexual harassment
more often targets women, men can also be victims of sexual harassment in the workplace or
educational settings.
Page Ref: 83
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 3
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Conceptual
89) How can diversity be promoted through equal employment and affirmative action?
Answer: The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the federal agency that
enforces the laws regulating recruiting and other management practices.
Affirmative action programs are designed to eliminate barriers and increase opportunities for
underutilized or disadvantaged individuals. These programs are positive steps toward promoting
diversity and have created career opportunities for both women and minority groups.
Complying with EEO legislation can help to promote diversity in organizations and, as a result,
help organizations gain the many diversity-related advantages. Managers should view EEOC as a
source of guidance on how to build organizational diversity and reap its related advantages.
Page Ref: 85-86
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Conceptual

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Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

90) Define pluralism. Explain the five approaches that can be used to achieve effective
workforce diversity.
Answer: Pluralism refers to an environment in which differences are acknowledged, accepted,
and seen as significant contributors to the entirety. A diverse workforce is most effective when
managers are capable of guiding the organization toward achieving pluralism. Approaches, or
strategies, to achieve effective workforce diversity include the following:
a. Golden Rule Approach This approach to diversity relies on the biblical dictate, "Do unto
others as you would have them do unto you." The major strength of this approach is that it
emphasizes individual morality.
b. Assimilation Approach This approach advocates shaping organization members to fit the
existing culture of the organization. This approach pressures employees who do not belong to the
dominant culture to conform, at the expense of renouncing their own cultures and world views.
c. Righting-the-Wrongs Approach This is an approach that addresses past injustices
experienced by a particular group. When a group's history places its members at a disadvantage
for achieving career success and mobility, policies are developed to create a more equitable set of
conditions.
d. Culture-Specific Approach This approach teaches employees the norms and practices of
another culture to prepare them to interact with people from that culture effectively. This
approach is often used to help employees prepare for international assignments.
Multicultural Approach This approach gives employees the opportunity to develop an
appreciation for both differences of culture and variations in personal characteristics. This
approach focuses on how interpersonal skills and attitudinal changes relate to organizational
performance.
Page Ref: 89
Learning Outcome: Discuss different ways managers work with and promote diversity in
organizations
Objective: 4
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual

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Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.