THE INFLUENCE OF MANGOSTEEN PEEL POWDER WASTE AGAINST

TESTOSTERONE HORMONE LEVEL AND SEMEN VOLUME OF MOJOSARI DUCK

Rustyawan Jundan(1), Sudjarwo Edhy(2), H. Djunaidi Irfan(2)
Student of Animal Husbandry Faculty, Brawijaya University(1), Lecturer of Animal Husbandry
Faculty, Brawijaya University (2)
ABSTRACT
This research was carried out in the Field Laboratory Animal Husbandry Faculty Brawijaya
University in September 2012 for 14 days. The examination of testosterone hormone from Mojosari
duck was held in Clinic Laboratory Kawi Malang. The purpose of this research is to recognized the
influence of mangosteen peel powder waste against testosterone hormone level and semen volume of
Mojosari duck. The material which used in this research are 40 Mojosari duck age range 10 months
old. The research method which used in this research is experiment with complete random design.
There are 4 treatments used in this research: P0 : without adding mangosteen peel powder waste, P1 :
1 gram, P2 : 2 gram, and P3 : 3 gram. Each treatment was repeated 5 times and every replay used 2
ducks. The result of this research note that the test of testosterone hormone from Mojosari duck are
known: (P0 = 232,8 113,64, P1 = 262 183,86, P2 = 372,8 181,49, and P3 = 389,4 206,35
ng/dl), Semen volume: (P0 = 0,24 0,08, P1 = 0,26 0,11, P2 = 0,32 0,10, P3 = 0,24 0,11
ml). Calculation of the statistics show that the addition of mangosteen peel powder waste does not
provide any real influence (P>0.05) on testosterone hormone level and semen volume.
Keywords: Mojosari Duck, Mangosteen Peel Powder Waste, Testosterone H ormone
INTRODUCTION
Duck is type of poultry which kept by
many people as a commodity farms. Mojosari
duck holds great potential to be developed as
the protein supplier for community. One of the
efforts to increase the productivity of the
ducks is by increasing the levels of
testosterone hormone from male Mojosari
duck. Increased levels of testosterone hormone
would have impact on the rise in sexual
behaviour as well as the quality of sperm.
Research on the content of Xanthone with
species of the Genus Garcinia including close
relatives from Garcinia Mangostana L. which
Oluyemi, Jimoh, Adesanya, Omotuyi, Josiah,
Oyesola, (2007) found that Garcinia
Cambogia increases the level of testosterone in
Wistar rats, this is because Garcinia
Cambogia contain biflavonoid and xanton.
These compounds are powerful antioxidants
which able to increase the production of
testosterone, important hormones involved in
the production and maturation of spermatozoa

in the seminiferous tubules of the testis

(Ganong, 2003). Akpantah, Oremosu, Ajala,
Noronha, Okanlawon, (2003) also found that
Garcinia Cambogia increases the level of
testosterone. Hinton, (1996) states that an
increase in the concentration of testosterone
hormone will be accompanied with the rise of
sperm concentration, as well as the increase in
morphology and sperm motility. Other
research in humans have indicated that the
Garcinia kola helps men with infertility, and
shown results in the rise of male fertility
especially sperm characteristics (Ajibade,
Oyewopo, Fakunle, Ashamu, 2011).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research was carried out for 14 days
starting on 10 24 September 2012. The
maintenance of the ducks is located in Sumber
Sekar Laboratory, Sub-district Dau, Malang.
The examination for the volume of duck
cement conducted in Reproduction Laboratory
of Animal Husbandry Faculty Brawijaya

University Malang. Evaluation of testosterone

hormone profile conducted in Clinic
Laboratory Kawi Jl. Kawi 31 Malang.
The material used in this research is 40
Mojosari ducks age range 10 months old.
Fodder which used during the research is
factory fodder. The equipment used in this
research are: Digital scales, Fodder and Water
Box, Test Tubes, Spuit 5cc, and Tissue Paper.
Ingredients which used include alcohol, ice
water, mangosteen peel powder waste, and
label sticker.
The research method which used in this
research is experiment with complete random
design. The treatment used in this research is

four treatments which divided into 2 groups:

feed without the addition of mangosteen peel
powder waste and by the addition of
mangosteen peel powder waste, with 0 g, 1 g,
2 g, and 3 g dosage. This research is done by
using 5 repetition.
The whole treatment are consist of:
P0 = without addition of mangosteen peel
powder waste
P1 = 1g/duck/day addition of mangosteen peel
powder waste
P2 = 2g/duck/day addition of mangosteen peel
powder waste
P3 = 3g/duck/day addition of mangosteen peel
powder waste.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Testosterone Hormone Levels of Mojosari Duck
Research results of the influence for mangosteen peel powder waste addition against testosterone
hormone levels of male ducks are listed on Table. 2
Table 2 . Influence of the treatment against testosterone hormone levels
Treatment

Testosterone (ng/dl)

P0

232,8 113,64

P1

262,0 183,86

P2

372,8 181,49

P3

349,4 240,04

The addition of mangosteen peel powder

In explanation, although does not give a

waste does not give a significant influence (P

significant influence

(P

> 0,05) against

> 0,05) against testosterone hormone levels

testosterone hormone levels, in samples P0

(data in Appendix 1). The result showed an

until P2 occur increased levels of testosterone

increase in the average of testosterone

hormone levels. Rising levels of testosterone

hormone. The average level of the lowest

hormone levels is caused by mangosteen peel

testosterone hormone level acquired by P0

powder waste contain xanthone which act as

group (232,8 ng/dl) and the highest acquired

antioxidant that obstruct free radical activities

by P2 group (372,8 ng/dl).

in the body which would affects on hormone

production decrease. As explain by Akpantah

et

al.,

has been discovered that

libido and sexual behavior, shown with

Garcinia cambogia able to raise the level of

increasing mounting frequency and penetration

peripheral testosterone. Ralebona, (2012) state

committed by a male duck, this is in

that treatment results by using Garcinia kola

accordance

capable to produce increased testosterone

Gopumadhavan (2003) that sexual behavior in

level, which affects on increase sexual activity.

males depends on the circulation of the

Mechanism

of

hormone levels in the blood. Mehta (2000)

testosterone can be influenced via central

states that the higher levels of testosterone

which is able to increase gonadotropins or

hormone in adult males, then the libido is

locally through increased number of Leydig

higher, and an increase in testosterone

cells or their sensitivity against hormone

hormone

luteinizing hormone (LH).

frequency of sexual behavior. The research

One of the causes of increased free radical

conducted by Ralebona (2012) note that

activity

environmental

Garcinia Kola contains substances that trigger

uncomfortable,

sexual enhancement on male rats, evidenced

uncomfortable environmental conditions can

by the increasing mounting frequency and

trigger oxidative stress, in which case an

penetration, where the addition of Garcinia

inefficient provision between the production of

Kola produces an increase in the testosterone

free radicals with antioxidants of the body.

levels, which is directly proportional to sexual

The high temperature of the environment

activity.

conditions

(2003)

was

to

increase

due
that

to
are

total

the

level

around the coop that indicates the digit 30.02

o

C can be one of the factors triggering

with

statement

of

generally proportional with the

Testosterone
important

the

hormone

role

in

also

the

has

an

process

of

oxidative stress. Jaeschke, (1995) stated that

spermatogenesis. Noted by Nasution, (1999)

the

can affect the

that testosterone hormone plays an important

overproduction of free radicals and oxidative

role at one stage from the process of germinal

stress causes which led to the disruption of the

cell

balance between prooxidant and antioxidants

especially miosis division to form secondary

that could potentially cause tissue damage.

spermatosit. It is also supported by statement

According to Templeman (2010), mangosteen

of Hinton (1996) that there is a close

peel can help fight free radicals, and launched

relationship between the concentration of

a stream of blood that would make the

testosterone hormone, testicular volume and

distribution of hormones to all parts of the

sperm production. Some research suggests that

body can be done effectively, the xanthone

the concentration of testosterone hormone may

contained in mangosteen peel can help to

affect the size and functionality of the

balance the hormone levels in the body.

epididymis, testis size, maturity of the sperm

stressful conditions

Rising levels of Mojosari duck testosterone

hormone will have an impact on the increasing

division

for

the

sperm

formation,

as well as the ability of sperm to survive

Cement Volume of Mojosari Duck

Research results of the influence for mangosteen peel powder waste addition against cement
volume of male ducks are listed on Table. 3
Table 3 . Influence of the treatment against cement volume
Treatment

Cement volume (ml)

P0

0,24 0,08

P1

0,26 0,11

P2

0,32 0,10

P3

0,24 0,11

Cement volume produced by male cattle

reverse decreased testicle volume would

can vary depending on the age, race, and

happen because of the decreaseing sperm

weight, the quality of feed, the frequency of

production from testes, this result may occur

the shelter, genetic factors and the condition of

due to the narrowness of tubules seminiferus

the cattle itself (Salisbury and Vandemark,

which tubules seminiferus covers 80% of the

1985). Results of various analysis showed that

volume of the testes. Research of Kostaman

addition of mangosteen peel powder waste

(2004) indicated that the equivalent volume of

does not give any significant influence (P >

cement increased in accordance with the

0.05) against cement volume of Mojosari duck

magnitude of the scrotum circumference,

per ejakulat (data in Appendix 1). Research

supported by statements Mathevon, Buhr, and

results on the table is the average volume of

Dekkers (1998) that the larger size of the

cement which the highest on treatment is P2

testes, then it has more tubuli seminiferi so it

treatment (0.32 ml).

will increase the number of spermatozoa

Differences in the cement volume that is

supported by much more seminal plasma.

indicated in the Table 3 allegedly caused by

Equivalent volume of cement per ejakulat

differences in testosterone levels and testicular

obtained from each treatment, under which

volume as a result of the addition of the

Setioko (1981) ztated on Peking duck which is

mangosteen peel powder waste on the feed.

0.46 ml, and Nishiyama, Nakashima, Fujihara

Ducks with P2 treatment has a larger size

(1976) at the Peking duck which is 0.39 ml.

compared to the ducks on other treatments.

the possibility of these differences arise due to

Differences in the size of the testes also

showed a difference in sperm that exist

different strains, the age of cattle, as well as

the factor of size or weight of the body.

therein, such as the statement of Oyewopo et

al. (2011) that an increase in spermatogenesis
will be accompanied by an increase in the
weight and volume of the testicle, as the

CONCLUSION
The addition of mangosteen peel powder
waste until the level of 0,3% in the fodder of

Mojosari duck does not give significant effects

against testosterone

hormone

levels

Spermatozoa. Curr Top Dev.

33: 61-102.

and

cement volume of Mojosari duck.

Jaeschke,

H. 1995. Mechanisms of
Oxidant Stess-induced Acute
Tissue Injury. Proceeding of
the society for experimental
biology and medicine. 209:
104-111.

Kostaman,

T., M. Martawidjaja, I.
Herdiawan dan I.K. Sutama.
2004.
Hubungan Antara
Lingkar Scrotum dengan
Bobot
Badan,
Volume
Semen, Motilitas Progresif
dan
Konsentrasi
Spermatozoa pada Kambing
Jantan
Muda.
Balai
Penelitian Ternak. Bogor.

Mathevon,

M.,
M.
Buhr, J.C.M.
Dekkers.
1998.
Environmental, Management
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Genetic
Factors
Affecting Semen Production
in Holstein

Mehta,

P.H., R.A. Josephs. 2000.

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