Part A

UNIT III
MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS DESIGN

1. Define the term Multimedia. State the elements of multimedia.

Multimedia is the media that uses multiple forms of information content and information
processing (e.g. text, audio, graphics, animation, and video, interactivity) to inform or
entertain the user. Multimedia also refers to the use of electronic media to store and
experience multimedia content.
Elements of multimedia
Facsimile, Document images, Photographic images, Geographical information system maps,
Voicecommandsandvoicesynthesis,Audiomessages,Videomessages,Fullmotionstoredand
livevideo,Holographicimages,Fractals.

2. Give some of the Multimedia applications.

Document Imaging
Image Processing and Image Recognition
Full Motion Digital Video Applications
Electronic Messaging
A Universal Multimedia Application
3. Define the term holography and hologram.
Holography is defined as the means of creating a unique photographic image without the
use of lens. The photographic recording of the image is called a hologram, which appears
to be an unrecognizable pattern of stripes and whorls but which when illuminated by
coherent light as by a laser beam, organizes the light into a three dimensional
representation of the original object.
4. What are fractals?
Fractals are regular objects with a high degree of irregular shape. Fractals are the
decompressed images that result from a compression format that uses arithmetic
algorithms to define repeated patterns in the image.
5. What are the difference between full-motion video and viewer-interactive video?
The key difference between full-motion video and viewer-interactive video is that fullmotion video, by its basic definition, is playback of stored video clips, while viewer
interactive video is live. It may be possible to manage decompression and display of
stored video clips more easily than to do the same with live video.
6. Mention some of the evolving technologies of multimedia.
Hypermedia Documents
HDTV and UDTV
3-D Technologies and Holography
Fuzzy Logic
Digital Signal Processing
7. What are the important processes in image processing?
Image processing involves:
Image Recognition
Image Enhancement
Image Synthesis
Image Reconstruction
8. What are the complex image enhancement capabilities?
Image calibration
Real-time alignment
Gray-scale normalization

 RGB hue intensity adjustment

Color separation
Frame averaging.
9. What is Dual-buffered VGA mixing / scaling?

Doublebufferschemesmaintaintheoriginalimagesinadepressionbufferandtheresizedimage
inadisplaybuffer.

10. What is OCR?

Optical character recognition (OCR) is the mechanical or electronic conversion of
images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text. It is widely used
as a form of data entry from printed paper data records, whether passport documents,
invoices, bank statements, computerized receipts, business cards, mail, printouts of staticdata, or any suitable documentation.
11. What are the ways to perform image annotation?
Image annotation can be performed in one of two ways:As a text file stored along with
the image or as a small image stored with the original image.
12. Define image synthesis.
Image synthesis is the process of creating new images from some form of image
description
13. What are the data objects used in a multimedia system?
1. Text
2. Images
3. Audio and voice
4. Full-Motion and Live video
14. Give the hierarchy of Image objects for multimedia system.

15. What are abstract images?

Abstractimagesarereallynotimagesthateverexistedasrealworldobjectsorrepresentations.
Rathertheyarecomputergeneratedimagesbasedonsomearithmeticcalculations.E.g.fractals.

16. What are the considerations in Multimedia storage?

Massivestoragevolumes,largeobjectsizes,multiplerelatedobjects,andtemporalrequirements
forretrieval.

17. What are the key issues of data organization for multimedia systems?
1. Data independence
2. Common distributed database architecture
3. Distributed database servers
4. Multimedia object management
18. Give the key features of data independence design.
1. Storage design is independent of specific applications
2. Explicit data definitions are independent of application programs
3. Users need not know data formats or physical storage structures

4. Integrity assurance is independent of application programs

5. Recovery is independent of application programs
19. What are the key features of common distributed database architecture?
1. Multimedia independent data structures in system
2. Uniform distributed access by clients
3. A point for recovery of each database server
4. Convenient data reorganization to suit requirements
5. Tunability and creation of object classes
6. Expandability
20. What kind of database management systems is preferred for multimedia data?
Distributed databases and distributed storage management are preferred for multimedia
data
Part B

1. Explain the multimedia system architecture with neat diagram.(or) Discuss the task

2.

3.

based networking and their standards required to transfer multimedia data.

High resolution Graphics display
VGA Mixing
VGA Mixing with scaling
Dual Buffered VGA mixing/scaling
IMA architectural framework
1. The Desktops
2. The servers
Network architecture for multimedia systems
1. Task based Multi-Level Networking
2. High speed server to server links
Duplication
Replication
Networking standards
1. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
2. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Discuss the application of multimedia in various areas.
Document Imaging
Image Processing and Image Recognition
Full Motion Digital Video Applications
Electronic Messaging
A Universal Multimedia Application
Explain the evolving technologies for Multimedia Systems.
Hypermedia Documents
Hypertext
Hypermedia
Hyper speech
HDTV and UDTV
3-D Technologies and Holography
Pointing Devices
Displays
Fuzzy Logic (FL)
Digital Signal Processing
DSP Architecture and Applications

 Memory Management
Hardware-Interrupt Handling
Multitasking
Inter task Synchronization and communication
Multiple Timer Services
Device Independent I/O
4. Explain the basic objects of Multimedia.
Text
Images
1. Visible 2. Non Visible 3. Abstract

Audio and voice

Full-Motion and Live video
5. Write elaborately on various multimedia data Interface standards and on various
multimedia databases.
Fileformatsformultimediasystems
Videoprocessingstandards
Microsoft'sAVI.

6. Explain in detail about Multimedia database.

Multimediastorageandretrieval
o Massive storage volumes, large object sizes, multiple related objects, and
temporalrequirementsforretrieval
DBmanagementsystemsformultimediasystem
o RDMSExtensionsforMultimedia
o OODatabasesforMultimedia
DBorganizationformultimediaapplications

o
o
o
o

Data independence
Common distributed database architecture
Distributed database servers
Multimedia object management

Transactionmanagementformultimediasystems.