Design and Fabrication of Vertical Axis Highway Windmill

Abstract
In todays life the demand on electricity is much
higher than that of its production the main objective of our
project is to produce electricity by using the force of air
created by the moving vehicle in highways. In highways
the vehicle suffers a lot to travel in night time because of
lightning proble m. This problem can be overcome by using
the VERTICLE AXIS HIGHWAY WINDMILL
(VAHW).This is a new unique method of power
generation. In this me thod the windmill blade is designed
in a vertical direction and it is kept at the middle of the
highway divider by a series combination. The force in the
middle portion is higher than the side of the road .This
force will rotate the vertical turbine blade. And this blade
is coupled with the gener ator and this generator will
produce electricity. In our method we have coupled one
mor e generator and we have increased its efficiency.

The main aim of this project paper is to produce

energy by using renewable energy reso urces in that
man ner the wind is very much eco friendly and very
compactable one. By using that energy in a useful
man ner we can produce a continuous power .

TEAM MEMBERS: T.PRAVEEN , M.VIMAL RAJ

suitable for all wind direction and it gives partial
efficiency and also increase in cost of design,
installation, and maintenance. To overcome all these
problems an new uniq ue method of wind is to be
introduced. This paper have kept one step forward of
windmill techno logy with use full application.

STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM

I. INTRODUCTION
In today s scenario the world have been developed
by the technologies like microcomputer, 3G, 4G
devices, sixth sense devices etc. By using these we can
commun icate from any corner of the world. if we think
which leads this technolo gy development means the
solution takes us to the ro ot and say s Energy .so
without energy nothing will move in this world
In this 21 st century there are more methods to
produce energy. Some of them are ecofriendly and so me
of them might be pollutable. Once we aim to produce
energy by ecofriendly means the best idea is by using
renewable
y. In renewable energy field sector the
This VAHW is a new method which
overco energ
mes the
wind mill plays
an important
role in energy production.
previous windmill problems. By adjusting
the wind
mill
blade it suit itself with efficient
energydesign
generation
in all
The present
of windmill
might not be
direction
implemented in our normal surroundings.

Fig .1

The main advantage of VAHW is it can generate

The kinetic energ y of an air mass m moving at a
power in all directio n of wind flow. And the
velocity
other v can be expressed as
advantages are the maintenance are less and the height
of the tower is less.

II. PRINCIPLES OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION

Considering a certain cross-sectional areaThe
although
primary component of a wind turbine is the
which the air passes at velocity V, the volume
flow which transforms the kinetic energy
energy vconverter
through during a certain time unit, the so called
volu me
contained
in the moving air, into mechanical for the
flo w is
initial discussion of principle, the exact nature of the
energy concur is irrelevant the extraction of mechanical.
Energy from a stream of mo ving air with the help of a
disk shaped rotating wind energy converter follows its
own basic rules. The credit for having recognized this
principle is owed to Albertbetz. Between 1922and 1925.
Betz published writings in which he was able to show
IV. DESIGNING METHODOLOGY
that by applying elementary. Physical laws the
mechanical energy extractable from air stream passingThis design methodology is to increase the
through a gives cross section area is restricted to aefficiency of the wind mill at first the designing steps
starts with the design of windmill blades. Because this
certain fixed proportion of the energy or power
contained in the air stream .moreover ,he found thatblades will mainly affects the overall efficiency of the
For a particular application the wind mill
optimal power extraction could only be realized at windmill.
a
blade
should
be in required size. Before this getting
certain ratio between the flow velocity of air in front of
knowledge
about
the aerodynamic style of wind mill
energy converter and the flo w velocity behind the
blade
in
order
to
get the full efficiency is very much
converter all through BETZ .momentum theory which
important.
assumes the energy converter workin g without losses in
The various considerations are.
a fraction less air flow contain simplification if results
III. ELEMENTRY MOMENTUM
THEORY
air quite usable for performing rough calculation in
A. Wind speed:
practical engineering .but it is true signification if
The speed of the wind is very much important
founded for
in the fact that if provides co mmon physical
the p roduction of electricity in the windmill.
Because
basis
fo r in
the understanding and operation of wind
windmill we are using the wind as a raw material
the
energyfor
converters
of various design
po wer production .this bakes the axis ro tate and this axis
is coup led with a dc generator and makes its also rotate
and produce electricity.
B. Tower height and design :
The height of the tower is very much important for
a windmill. In VAHW the tower is kept little sort to
obtain whole air density passing from the vehicle.
We also should concentrate in the design of the
tower because it should able to withstand for its own
weight and also in the speed of the wind
C. Shap e of the blade:
As discussed earlier the shape of the wind mill
blades is the important one if one could place an
efficient design of a blade then the efficiency of the
windmill will be increased.
The various windmill shapes are as follows;
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF VAHW
Fig.2

a) Flat, unmodified blade surface.

b) wing shape with one leading edge

c) Both ed ges tapered to a thin line.

d) Both ed ges lead ing blade
A drawing of tested shape blades are provided below;

Here

W, and the blade cords, the resultant airspeed flow and

the angle of attack are calculated as follows:

W=U
The blade turbine must place according to aerodynamic
concept. All the variables related to this model definitely
varies according to the environment in wh ich it is going
to be installed

VI. DESIGN OF BLADES

Fig.3

For the design of blades the selection material is

very much important .because the material that we are
selecting should be more weight less and it should able
to withstand at high air pressure. For that a special grade
of aluminum metal can be used it has light weight and it
can able to withstand at high air pressure .the next
important thing is to choose a blade shape.

D. Tipfor
speed
ratio:
The c-type blade is suitable
vertical
axis
highway
windmill(VAHW).Because
This tip speed
ratio defines the speed of the windit shape can able
that
hit
the
tip
s
of the b lades
makes a and
rotation.
In able to give
to collect maximum
airand
pressure
it can
this speed the blade will give you a good performance.
max
imum energy transformation from forced wind
When the tip speed ratio increases the productivity o f
energy
to also
rotational
the
windmill
increases. mechanical energy. The shape of the
blade used is shown below

V. AERODYNAMICS CONCEPT

This aerodynamic concept shows the forces and

velocities cutting in a turbine The resultant velocity
vector, W is given by
W=U+(-w*r)
Where,
U -undistrib uted upstream air velocity
(-w *r )-velocity vector of advancing blade.
Thus the oncoming velocity varies, maximum is
found for ?=00 and the minimu m is found for, ?=1800
where ? is the azimuthal or orbital blade position. The
angle of attack ? is the angle between the oncoming air
speed.
In vertical axis highway wind mill normally have
four c-type blades that are placed in vertical direction.

Views Of Blade
Fig.4

This wind
These
four blades
make have
the VAHW
normally
to rotate
separated
at high
by 90-degree
speed and
angle
it
is coupled
with each
to other.
generator
So that
to inproduce
high ways
electicity
when vehicle
and the
passes can
power
the VAHW
be stored
willin
rotate
the battery
in clockwise
and itdirection..
is utilised iat
theThe
night
time
wind
turbine blade design has been decided and
BLOCK
BIAGRAM
now the blades mustOFbeVAHW:
fixed to built the turbine the

Wind
We have
generators
done acome
prototype
in various
model of
voltages
this project
such. in
as
12volts,
that prototype
24volts mod
and 48volts
el we have
DCused
and only
in a pvc
range
pipes
of and
currents
silver puplates.the
to 80amp
wind
s atturbine
12volts.
is The
madewind
by 5
generator
pvc pipeisand
a we
square
made
torque
shaft machine
by usingand
1.5thepipe
output
and increases
we fix silver
exponentially
plates as a blade.we
with increasing
have used
wind
onyspeed.
DC motor
Mostinstead
qualityof
wind
DC
generators
generator
.the
co
me
two
with
motors
a
blade
coupled
stall
athe
facility
top that
and
arrangement of blades and its rotating direction s are
stalls
bottom
the
of
blades
the
wind
at
high
turbine.we
wind
speed.
use
Available
a
gear
pulse
also
is
to
sho wn in below diagram
anincrease
electrical
the blade
rpm oflock
the that
motor
locks
shaftthe
andgenerato
increse its
r on
RPM
the
thro
andwmakes
of a itswitch.
to generate
This and
prevents
the output
the generator
of the motor
turning
is
whconnected
en servicing
to the
is in
poprogress.
wer LED with the range of 6v to 9v.
Wind
the prototype
generatomodel
r technology
is shownisinvery
the above
mature
fig.
technology and has been used by yachtsmen for at least
X. CONCLUSION
the last 20 years. The technology is reliable and
This verticle
axis highway wind mill gives an idea
reasonable
priced.
This energy convertion process is explained by several
about
the
new
of power
generation
and also
Maintenance ofway
a wind
generator
is simple,
just about
follo wing steps:
the
new
windmill
technology.
The
power
g
eneration
grease the front and rear bearings and check all bolts
using
VAHW isonana basis
ecofriendly methodand power
and
connections
Step-1:
produced here is almost an co ntinuous one .By using
In the
first step the forced wind and middle part o f
Wind generators are capable o f producing
large
this technology all the highways can be lightened
the
highway
a
amounts of current, up to 80amps at 12volts and should will hit wind turbine blades and make
without use of non- renewab le energy resourses. And if
rotation
in
it
The
wind
turb
ine
blade
will
rotate
at
always be fitted with a charge controller containing a
this method is imp limented in all national h igh ways we
clockwise direction even when the vehicle mo ve in any
po wer dump system.
can able to pro duce large amount of power.and it can
of the side of the highway.because thw arran gement of
also
provide
job for are
manay cost
educated
fellowship.
Wind
Generators
efficient
way o f
the wind turbine b lades are in that manner.
producing
power
using
a
sustainable
energy
force the
XI. FUTURESCOPE DEVELOPMENT
Step-2:
wind.
They
indicate
easily
into
an
Hybrid
Power
System
Fig. 5
By fixing solar pannel
in this
vahw
will
increase
the The solar array
and
work
well
with
solar
arrays.
The verticle axis highway windmill the wind blade
controller caneffeciency.
also be used by the wind generator to
VII. DC GENERATOR IN VAHW
turbine is couled with the two generatos .one is in the
control
and
dump
excess
top and the other one is at the bottom of the wind
series or in parellel any
manner
willpower
give produced by the
The alternators or generators are the Fixin
heart more
of thein hybrid
system.
If
the
sun
does
not shine hopefully the
turbine blades.when the turbine blade rotate the coupled
more efficiency.
wind mill and it must be properly sized to match yo
ur will be blowing
wind
yearly
generators will produce electricity in both direction.
swept area and to produce right type of power to match
a) ACKNOWLEDGMENT
start up speed:
XII.
Step-3:
yo ur application. The unit needs to make higher voltages
This wind speed at which the ro tors starts turning. It
at lower
We express
our sincere
thanks
to
Thus
the mechanical
energy
is converted
into rpms, otherwise it is not suited for wind power
should
spin smoothly and easily when you turn it by
use, this
even motors can also be used a generators. In this
Dr.S.V.Saravanan,
principal
andgenerator
Mr.M.Varatharaj
electrical energy by
using dc
and
hand,
and
keep sp inning for few seconds. Designs that
vertical
axis
Asst.prof
& HOD
and my
staff
members
produced power
is stored
inDepartment
the battery and
is utilised
by ,highway windmill we are using two dc
cog
from
magnetic
force or that use gears or pulley to
Department
of Electrical and Electronics generators coupled with the wind blade turbine.
application wise.
increase
shaft
speed
will be poor at start up. A good
Engineering,Christ The King Engineering College ,
design
can
start
spinning
in 5 mph winds cut in at 7
Coimbatore.
IX. PROTOTYPE MODEL
mph.
XIII.: REFERENCES
b) Inefficiency

This verticle axis highway windmill is placed in the

highway dividers. When the air is forced by passing the
vehicle from both sides the speed of a wind at the
center place is higher than the pedestrain walking lane.

[1] J.G Leishman

chailenges
modelling
Every generator
has a in
certain
speed atthewhich it runs
unsteady
aerodynamics
of
wind
most efficiently. But since th eturbine.
wind is not constant, we
to d and
esign project
to happydevelopmentmedium. As the wind speed
[2] Wind must
powertryplant
rises, the raw pojoshua
wer coming
earnestinto the generato r from the
wind becomes more than the generator can effectively
[3] www.scribd .com
Use, and it gets more and more inefficient. This power
is wasted
as heathttp://www.alternativein the stator coils.
[4] Images
taken from
energy-news.info/vertical-axis-windmill/
VIII. OPERATION EXPLANATION

[5] IEEE research paper of highway windmill.

Normal Generator
Fig.6
Fig.7