Micropilotes Manassero

Friday, February 17, 2012
Concurrent Sessions
Vittorio Manassero and Giuseppe Di Salvo
Two Difficult Tunnelling Problems Solved by using

Permeation Grouting: the Excavation of Submerged
Large Size Tunnels for Roma and Napoli Metro Projects
1
Vittorio Manassero, Giuseppe Di Salvo. Two Difficult Tunnelling Problems Solved by using Permeation Grouting:
the Excavation of Submerged Large Size Tunnels for Roma and Napoli Metro Projects
PAPER OUTLINE
Introduction
Case Study 1: Duomo station on NAPOLI Metro Line No. 1
geological and geotechnical aspects;
soil improvement for platform tunnel widening
and access tunnel excavation;
grouting of rocks: the MPSP method;
the cement and chemical grouts utilized;
grouting results.
Case Study 2: Giglioli and Torre Spaccata stations on ROMA Metro Line C

the preliminary trial field;
the cement and chemical grouts utilized
soil improvement for platform tunnel widening;
grouting results.
Conclusions
2
PAPER OUTLINE
Introduction
Case Study 1: Duomo station on NAPOLI Metro Line No. 1
soil improvement for platform tunnel widening
and access tunnel excavation;
grouting of rocks: the MPSP method;
the cement and chemical grouts utilized;
grouting results.
Case Study 2: Giglioli and Torre Spaccata stations on ROMA Metro Line C

the preliminary trial field;
the cement and chemical grouts utilized
soil improvement for platform tunnel widening;
grouting results.
Conclusions
3
GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

Scope of Work: platform tunnel construction at No. 2 stations
No. 2 platform tunnels each station
Soil improvement carried out from the twin TBM tunnels
Permeation grouting to form a thick shell all around the submerged
part of the tunnels to be excavated
TAM grouting method adopted
Soil improved by:
cement-based grout
(cement-bentonite, high penetrability)
silicate-based grout (Silacsol)
colloidal nano-silica grout was tested
within the preliminary trial field.
4
Giglioli station: layout and longitudinal section

5

Geological and Geotechnical Aspects
The geology is characterized by
volcanic soils; an alternation of:
pyroclastite (loose volcanic silty
sand and gravel)
volcanic tuff
Main geotechnical parameters:
pyroclastite
J = 17 kN/m3
I = 35
c = 20 kPa
E0 = 175 MPa
tuff
J = 17 kN/m3
I = 35
c = 100-300
kPa
E0 = 300 MPa

typical grain size of pyroclastite: sand and gravel with silt/clay = 5-20%
COBBLES
C
60
Percentage passing
Grain size D (mm)
100
GRAVEL
M
20
6
C
2
10
100
SAND
M
0.2
0.6
C
0.06
0.1
CLAY
SILT
M
0.02
F
0.006
0.002
0.01
0.001
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
ASTM sieve sizes
20
40
100
200
Giglioli and Torre Spaccata stations: typical grain size of pyroclastite


Average values of the hydraulic
conductivity:
pyroclastite
5x10-5 m/s
tuff
1x10-6 to 5x10-6 m/s
Water head (above the invert of the

tunnels to be excavated):
Giglioli
8m
Torre Spaccata 5 m
8

PERMEATION GROUTING TRIAL FIELD
An extensive Trial Field carried out during the design stage at Torre
Spaccata station site.
Valid also for Giglioli station.
Scope of the Trial Field:
demonstrate the suitability
of permeation grouting
to improve the in-situ soil;
select the most appropriate
grouts to be applied.
9

PERMEATION GROUTING TRIAL FIELD: Layout and Cross Section
10

Area
A
Type of Grout
cement-bentonite
Silacsol
cement-bentonite
Silacsol
colloidal nano-silica
Layout of the trial field.

11

High penetrability cement-bentonite grout
The following material were used:
standard fine cement (Blaine specific surface > 5000 cm2/g)
bentonite suitable to be mixed with cement
specific admixture as
dispersing agent
The following ratios were used:
C/W = 0.35
B/W = 3-4%
Adm/W = 0.3-0.4%
12

Silacsol: chemical grout composed of:
activated silica solution
calcium based inorganic reagent
activated dissolved silicate + mineral reagent calcium hydro-silicates
NO evolutive gelation
but direct reaction on molecular scale
Hence, NO loss of silicized water (syneresis)
Pysical characteristics:
J = 1.34-1.37 g/cm3
Q = 10 mPas
(The resulting product is a

complex of permanently
stable crystals with
structure similar to that
obtained by hydration and
setting of cement)
Setting time (adjustable) = usually 60-120 min

13

Colloidal nano-silica: pure mineral grout
High penetration capacity, mainly due to:
particle size ca. 15 nm (i.e. 0.015 Pm)
viscosity ca. 5 mPas
no cohesion
Two components product:
suspension of colloidal silica (SiO2) in water
solution of inorganic reagent in water
Gelling process: physical reaction between SiO2 particles; the reagent
acts as a catalyst: by varying its amount the open time can be adjusted.
Main characteristics:
J = 1.15 g/cm3
Q = 5 mPas
pH = 9-10
Setting time (adjustable) = usually 60-120 min
14

Grouting Criteria
For each grout mix the grouting
of each valve was stopped when:
either the design volume (Vd)
or the refusal pressure (Pref)
were reached, whichever came first.
Stop due to refusal pressure (Pref): the valve was considered completed.
Stop due to design volume (Vd): the valve was considered completed
only if a minimum threshold pressure (Pmin) had been also reached;
otherwise grouting was resumed afterwards, at a second phase, with the
same criteria.
15

PERMEATION GROUTING TRIAL FIELD: grouting criteria and parameters
Area
A
B
Type of Grout
cement-bentonite
Silacsol
cement-bentonite
Silacsol
colloidal nano-silica
design
volume
Vd
(% of Vt)
10% Vt
20% Vt
10% Vt
14% Vt
8% Vt
Phase 1
grouting
pressure
Pmin
Pref
(bar)
(bar)
12
5
25
10
12
5
25
10
25
10
Further Phases
design
grouting
volume
pressure
Vd
Pmin
Pref
(% of Vt)
(bar)
(bar)
5% Vt
12
5
10% Vt
25
10
5% Vt
12
5
7% Vt
25
10
4% Vt
25
10
Vt = theoretical volume of the soil to be grouted; Pref = refusal pressure; Pmin = minimum threshold pressure
Grout flow rate = 6 to 10 l/min; Grouting pressures = net pressures (i.e. after deducting the losses)
Stop due to refusal pressure (Pref): the valve was considered completed.
Stop due to design volume (Vd): the valve was considered completed
only if a minimum threshold pressure (Pmin) had been also reached;
otherwise grouting was resumed afterwards, at a second phase, with the
same criteria.
16

PERMEATION GROUTING TRIAL FIELD:
Summary of the results of grouting in terms of grout take and pressure
Type of Grout
Cement-bentonite
Silacsol
Colloidal nano-silica
Total
AREA A
grout take
expected
actual
(% Vt)
(% Vt)
10%
20%
4.9%
21.1%
30%
26.0%
actual
grout
pressure
(bar)
10.1
16.0
AREA B
grout take
actual
grout
expected actual
(% Vt)
(% Vt) pressure
(bar)
10%
5.1%
10.3
14%
13.0%
16.0
8%
6.8%
16.7
32%
24.8%
Vt = theoretical volume of the soil to be grouted
17

PERMEATION GROUTING TRIAL FIELD:
Summary of the results of permeability reduction from Lefranc tests
18

SOIL IMPROVEMENT FOR PLATFORM TUNNEL WIDENING
Giglioli station: standard cross section

19

Giglioli station: bottom and intermediate plugs cross section

20

Grouting criteria, parameters and mixes
The same tested within Area A of the preliminary Trial Field:
high penetrability cement-bentonite grout
chemical grout Silacsol
conventional TAM
repeated and selective grouting procedure
Grouting activities fully controlled and monitored by computerized system
21

Summary of the results of grouting in terms of grout take and pressure
Station
type of grout
Giglioli
Torre Spaccata
grout take
actual average
grout pressure
(bar)
expected
(% Vt)
actual
(% Vt)
Cement-bentonite
5%
5.8%
4.8
Silacsol
21%
18.8%
12.2
Total
26%
24.6%
Cement-bentonite
5%
5.9%
4.6
Silacsol
21%
18.8%
12.8
Total
26%
24.7%
Vt = theoretical volume of the soil to be grouted

22

Summary of the results of grouting in terms of permeability reduction
Comparative permeability tests carried out both before and after the soil
improvement.
Free flow discharge tests through holes drilled from the TBM tunnels:
before grouting treatment, through the natural soil 85 to 130 l/min/hole
after grouting treatment, through the improved soil 0 to 1.5 l/min/hole
thus leading to a reduction of at least two order of magnitude (well in
accordance with the results achieved within the preliminary trial field).
23
THE EXCAVATION OF SUBMERGED LARGE SIZE TUNNELS

CONCLUSIONS
Permeation grouting successfully applied to solve two difficult tunnelling
problems at Napoli and Roma metro projects
Napoli (Duomo station): 8 tunnels, totalling 320 m
Roma (Giglioli and Torre Spaccata stations): 4 tunnels, totalling 440 m
Improved soil shell all around the submerged part of the tunnels
Two different grouting methods adopted: MPSP (Multi Packer Sleeved
Pipe) within the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff and TAM (tube manchettes)
within the loose pyroclastite and weathered tuff
Results in terms of grout take and grouting pressure in accordance with
the expected values
Results in terms of permeability: in both case studies the reduction was
in excess of 2 orders of magnitude, thus allowing a safe, fast and almost
dry tunnelling.
24
THANK
YOU FOR
Friday, February 17, 2012
Concurrent Sessions
YOUR ATTENTION
Vittorio Manassero and Giuseppe Di Salvo
Two Difficult Tunnelling Problems Solved by using

Permeation Grouting: the Excavation of Submerged
Large Size Tunnels for Roma and Napoli Metro Projects
25

Micropilotes Manassero

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Micropilotes Manassero

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Friday, February 17, 2012

Vittorio Manassero and Giuseppe Di Salvo

Two Difficult Tunnelling Problems Solved by using

geological and geotechnical aspects;

geological and geotechnical aspects;

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

Giglioli station: layout and longitudinal section

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

Grain size D (mm)

ASTM sieve sizes

Giglioli and Torre Spaccata stations: typical grain size of pyroclastite

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

1x10-6 to 5x10-6 m/s

Water head (above the invert of the

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

Layout of the trial field.

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

activated dissolved silicate + mineral reagent calcium hydro-silicates

(The resulting product is a

Setting time (adjustable) = usually 60-120 min

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

Vt = theoretical volume of the soil to be grouted

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

Giglioli station: standard cross section

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

Giglioli station: bottom and intermediate plugs cross section

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

Vt = theoretical volume of the soil to be grouted

GIGLIOLI AND TORRE SPACCATA STATIONS ON ROMA METRO LINE C

THE EXCAVATION OF SUBMERGED LARGE SIZE TUNNELS

Two Difficult Tunnelling Problems Solved by using

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen