STUDENT COPY

IBA

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ENGLISH LECTURE 11
Part
Part 1:

Contents
Review Test
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
AS IF/AS THOUGH
HOPE/WISH
WOULD RATHER
COMMONLY MISUSED WORDS

Part 2:

Analogy

Part 3:

Home Assignment

CLASS PRACTICE
LOGICAL WRITING PRACTICE

MENTRS
E D U C A T I O N

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REVIEW TEST
Time: 20 min
Marks: 25
Score ..
a. Find the pair from the alternatives that matches the relation stated in the pair in bold letters.
1. MINCE :: WALK
A. bang : sound
B. wave : gesture
C. waltz : dance
D. simper : smile
E. hike : run

9. TAP:: PUMMEL
A. tiptoe : stamp
B. hit : hurt
C. lumber : stumble
D. talk : chat
E. pump : water

2. DISINTERESTED :: UNBIASED
A. indulgent : intolerant
B. exhausted : energetic
C. languid : lethargic
D. unconcerned : involved
E. profligate : flippant

10. SCINTILLATING::DULLNESS
A. erudite : wisdom
B. desultory : error
C. boisterous : calm
D. cautious : restraint
E. exalted : elevation

3. AMBIVALENT :: CERTAIN
A. indifferent : biased
B. furtive : open
C. impecunious : voracious
D. discreet : careful
E. munificent : generous
4. ALLAY :: SUSPICION
A. trend : plant
B. impede : anger
C. calm : fear
D. fell : tree
E. exacerbate : worry
5. PRIMITIVE :: SOPHISTICATE
A. employee : superior
B. socialite : recluse
C. tyro : expert
D. native : inhabitant
E. applicant : member
6. CRITIC : JUDGEMENT
A. satirist : ridicule
B. doctor : rejection
C. writer : relaxation
D. miser : generosity
E. exile : patriotism
7. ZOO : ANIMAL
A. safari : guide
B. supermarket : shopper
C. herd : cattle
D. river : stream
E. museum : painting

11. ELUCIDATE :: CLARITY

A. envision : memory
B. aggravate : problem
C. conceal : oblivion
D. illuminate : light
E. mystify enlightenment
12. SHARD :: POTTERY
A. seed : flower
B. smoke : fire
C. dish : menu
D. chair : furniture
E. splinter : wood
13. FURNACE :: SLAG
A. vegetable : garbage
B. factory : goods
C. fire : ashes
D. automobile : gasoline
E. silo : grain
14. OPAQUE : LIGHT
A. dense : weight
B. buoyant : air
C. hot : radiation
D. watertight : dampness
E. brilliant : illumination
15. ANNEX : BUILDING
A. addendum : book
B. scenario : play
C. program : computer
D. landscaping : park
E. duplex : apartment

8. FATHOM : DEPTH
A. mile : hour
B. volume : space
C. porthole : window
D. knot :speed
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E. port : starboard
b. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate word (s) from the alternatives.
16. Medieval illuminated manuscripts are too _______ for exhibition except under rigorously
controlled conditions of light, temperature, and humidity, and thus are _______ the majority of art
lovers.
a. intricate . imperceptible to
b. immaculate . idolized by
c. fragile . available to
d. valuable . scorned by
e. vulnerable . inaccessible to

17. The artistry of cellist Yo Yo Ma is essentially _______; the melodic line rises _______, imbued
with feeling and totally lacking in apparent calculation.
a. carefree . stiffly
b. reserved . involuntarily
c. lyrical . passionately
d. detached . carefully
e. deliberate . Methodically
Explanation:
The phrase 'imbued with feeling' immediately following the second blank indicates that the second
missing word must be a synonym of this phrase. Among the choices, it is only the word 'passionately'
that has this meaning. Its pair word, 'lyrical' completes a logical sentence. So, (C) is the answer
lyrical: (of literature, art, or music) expressing the writer's emotions in an imaginative and beautiful
way.
"he gained a devoted following for his lyrical cricket writing"
18. The Supreme Courts reversal of its previous ruling on the issue of States rights ___ its
reputation for __.
a. sustained . infallibility b. compromised . consistency c. bolstered .doggedness
d. exacerbated . Inflexibility
e. dispelled . Vacillation
Explanation:
Let's go through the choices one by one. A is out because if the Supreme Court reversed its decision,
then it shows that the Supreme Court isn't infallible. C is out because if the Court were dogged, it
would not have reversed its decision. D is out because the Court is being flexible by reversing its
decision, not inflexible. E is out because the Court is vacillating by reversing its decision.
19. Denise was astounded to hear that her brother, whom she knew to be quite _______, was
described as taciturn and aloof by his colleagues at the university.
a. insular
b. placid
c. anguished
d. vacuous
e. garrulous

Explanation:
If Denise was astounded (meaning surprised) to hear that her brother was considered to be taciturn
(meaning speaking very little) and aloof (meaning unsociable) by his colleagues, he must have been
known to her as a very talkative and sociable person. Among the given choices, garrulous means
talkative, and is the answer.

20. Because they are _______ to take the financial loss that results from providing drugs for
_______ markets, pharmaceutical manufacturers often do not produce needed drugs for rare
diseases.
a. proud.small
b. eager.known
c. prone.nebulous
d. loath.limited
e. reluctantexpanding
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c. Correct Use of Words:

21. i) The selfish midfielder deprived his team of a goal by refusing to pass.
ii) Jack was always miserable and felt like a deprived soul.
iii) You have no right to deprive me of the pastry.
A. I only
B. ii only
C. iii only
D. i & iii
E. I, ii & iii
22. i) Slavery was abolished in the 19th century.
ii) The team became abolish after losing the cup.
iii) Some people are demanding the abolishment of certain political parties.
A. I only B. ii only
C. iii only
D. i & iii
E. I, ii & iii
23. i) He was always steadiful to never make a mistake.
ii) I steadily became tired of all your melodrama.
iii) A surgeons hands should be as steadily as a rock.
A. I only B. ii only
C. iii only
D. ii & iii

E. I, ii & iii

24. i) She was the most articulate orator that I had ever seen.
ii) Nowadays it is becoming more important to articulate your ideas.
iii) He managed to articulately present his case in the debate.
A. I only B. ii only
C. iii only
D. ii & iii
E. I, ii & iii
25. i) He distanced himself from all of his friends.
ii) You and I are now more distant than we ever were.
iii) We can see a ships smoke in the distance.
A. I only B. ii only
C. iii only
D. i & ii

E. I, ii & iii

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PART I: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
The modals will, would, can and could often appear in conditional sentences. Usually conditional
sentences contain the word if. There are two types of conditionals: the real (factual and habitual) and
the unreal (contrary to fact or hypothetical). The real, or future possible as it is sometimes called, is
used when the speaker expresses an action or situation which usually occurs, or will occur if the
circumstances in the main clause are met.
Hypothetical situation: If I am not planning anything for this evening, when someone asks me if I
want to go to the movies, I say:
If I have the time, I will go.
X
Y
(I will go unless I dont have time.)
(If X is true, then Y is true.)
However, the unreal condition expresses a situation (past, present, or future) that would take place or
would have taken place if the circumstances expressed were or had been different now or in the past.
Hypothetical situation: If I dont have time to go to the movies, but I actually want to go, I say :
If I had the time, I would go
(I know I dont have time, and therefore, I cant go to the movies.)
This sentence is contrary to fact because I cannot go.
REAL CONDITIONS (POSSIBLY TRUE)
FUTURE TIME
If + subject + simple present tense + will + [verb in simple form]
Can
May
Must
If I have the money, I will buy a new car.
We will have plenty of time to finish the project before dinner if it is only ten oclock now.
HABITUAL
If + subject + simple present tense + simple present tense
If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the afternoon. (no modal)
John usually walks to school if he has enough time.
COMMAND
If + subject + simple present tense + command form*
* Remember that the command form consists of the simple form of the verb.
If you go to the Post Office, please mail this letter for me.
Please call me if you hear from Jane.
UNREAL CONDITIONS (NOT TRUE)
PRESENT OR FUTURE TIME
+ would
If + subject + simple past tense + could + [verb in simple form]
+ might
If I had the time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend.
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(I dont have the time. Im not going to the beach with you.)
He would tell you about it if he were here.
(He wont tell you about it. Hes not here.)
PAST TIME
+ would
If + subject + past perfect + could + have + [verb in past participle]
+ might
If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
(We didnt know that you were there.) (We didnt write you a letter.)
She would have sold the house if she had found the right buyer.
Had + subject + [verb in past participle] . . .
Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
Had she found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
More common: If she had seen the movie, she would have told you.
Past
Past
AS IF/AS THOUGH
Subject + verb (present) + as if + subject + verb (past)
As though
The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer. (It is not winter.)
Monalisa walks as though she studied modeling. (She didnt study modeling.)
He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich.)
Subject + verb (past) + as if + subject + verb (past perfect)
as though
Faria talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize.
(She didnt win the grand prize.)
HOPE/WISH
We hope that they will come. (We don't know if they are coming.)
We wish that they could come. (They are not coming.)
Present unreal condition: I wish I were rich, I would be very happy.
Present wish: I wish I were rich.
Past unreal condition: If you had been here last night, we would have enjoyed it.
Past wish: We wish that you had been here last night.
FUTURE WISH
Could + verb
subject* + wish + (that) + subject* + would + verb
were + [verb + ing]
*Subjects can be the same or different.
We wish that you could come to the party tonight. (You can't come.)
PRESENT WISH
subject + wish + (that) + subject + simple past tense . . . . .
I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework. (I don't have enough time.)
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PAST WISH
Past perfect
subject + wish + (that) + subject + could have + [verb in past participle]
I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday. (I didn't wash the clothes.)
Exercise1-: Supply the correct form of the verb in parentheses for each of the following sentence.
Review the formulas if you have trouble.
1.
2.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Farhaz talks to his dog as if it ____________ (understand) him.understood/could understand

If they had left the house earlier, they _______ (be; negative) so late getting to the airport that
they could not check their baggage.Would not have been
3.
If I finish the dress before Saturday, I ________ (give) it to my sister for her birthday.Will give
4.
If I had seen the movie, I ____________ (tell) you about it last night.would have told
5.
Had Rahul not interfered in his sister's marital problems, there _____ (be) peace between
them. Would have been
He would give you the money if he _______ (have) it. had
I wish they _______ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate. Would stop
She would call you immediately if she _______ (need) help.needed
Had they arrived at the sale early, they _____ (find) a better selection. would have found
We hope that you _______ (enjoy) the party last night. enjoyed
If you have enough time, please _____ (paint) the chair before you leave.paint
We could go for a drive if today _____ (be) Saturday.were
If she wins the prize, it will be because she _____ (write) very well.writes
Nafees wished that the editors ____ (permit) him to copy some of their material yesterday.Had
permitted
Reshad wished that he _______ (spend) his vacation on the Gulf Coast next year.Could spend
WOULD RATHER
Would rather means the same as prefer, except that the grammar is different.
Would rather must be followed by a verb, but prefer may or may not be followed by a verb.
John would rather drink Coca- Cola than orange juice.
John prefers drinking Coca- Cola to drinking orange juice.
PRESENT
Subject + would rather + [verb in simple form] . . . .
Jim would rather go to class tomorrow than today.
PAST
Subject + would rather + have + [verb in past participle] . . . .
John would rather have gone to class yesterday than today.
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
subject + would rather that + subject [verb in simple form] . . .

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I would rather that you call me tomorrow.

We would rather that he take this train.
Exercise2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in the following sentence.
1. We would rather ____________ (stay) home tonight.stay
2. Mr. Jones would rather ____________ (stay) home last night.have stayed
3. The policeman would rather ____________ (work) on Saturday than on Sunday.work
4. Maria would rather that we ____________ (study) more than we do.studied
5. George would rather ____________ (study; negative) tonight.Not study
6. The photographer would rather _________ (have) more light.have
7. The photographer would rather that we ______ (stand) closer together than we are
standing.stood
8. Carmen would rather ___________ (cook; negative) for the entire family.Not cook
9. She would rather that you ________ (arrive; negative) last night .had not arrived
10. Sami would rather _________ (sleep) than worked last night.have slept
COMMONLY MISUSED WORDS
The following list contains pairs of words that often cause problems because they sound alike or have
a similar meaning. Learn to distinguish between them.
1. ACCEPT (v), EXCEPT (prep) Accept means answer affirmatively, agree; except means omitting.
We accepted their offer of a 10% salary increase.
Answer all the questions except No. 2.
2. ACCESS (n), EXCESS (adj) Access means way of gaining entrance; excess means extra
amount.
There was no access to the house from the back.
There was a charge for excess baggage.
3. ADVICE (n), ADVISE (v) Advice means an opinion; advise means to give an opinion.
He never listened to his fathers advice.
They advised us to take precautions in the hot climate.
4. AFFECT (v), EFFECT (n/v) Affect means influence (v); effect means result (n), achieve (v).
The drug was not affecting his speech.
The effect of the drug was quick.
5. AGAIN (adv), AGAINST (prep) Again means another time; against means in opposition to
something or someone.
John took the test again for a better score.
The director was against the idea.
6. ALMOST (adv), MOST (adj) Almost means very nearly; most means the greatest part.
Almost everyone participated in the class.
Most coffee shops serve food as well.
7. AMONG (prep), BETWEEN (prep) Among is used for three or more persons or things; between is
used for two persons or things.
The question was discussed between John and Bob.
The question was discussed among all the members of the faculty.
8. ALREADY (adv), ALL READY (adj) Already means by this time; all ready means prepared.
The class had already started when we got there.
She was dressed and all ready to go out.
9. AMOUNT (n), NUMBER (n) Amount is used with non-count nouns; number is used with count
nouns.
The number of whales is decreasing.
There was a small amount of sugar in the bowl.
10. BARELY (adv), HARDLY (adv) Barely means only just; hardly means with difficulty.
I could hardly hear the lecture at the back of the hall.
He had barely enough money to cover the bill.
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11. BESIDE (prep). BESIDES (prep) Beside means near to; besides means in addition to.
She leaves her slippers beside her bed.
Besides this test, I have two more this week.
12. CONSIDERABLE (adj), CONSIDERATE (adj) Considerable means much; considerate means
thoughtful.
She has gone to considerable trouble to make this for you.
It was very considerate of the teacher to help me.
13. COSTUME (n), CUSTOM (n) Costume means a typical style of dress; custom means tradition.
The students wore their national costumes on International Day.
Each country has its own customs.
14. DESSERT (n), DESERT (n) Dessert means the final course of a meal, usually sweet; desert is a
hot, dry area.
Some people eat fruit for dessert.
Cacti grow in the desert.
15. DEVICE (n), DEVISE (v) Device means an invention; devise means to create, contrive.
That is a good device for cutting material.
He devised a way of moving the broken-down car.
16. DIFFER (v), DIFFERENT (adj) Differ and different both mean unlike, not the same, and both are
followed by from.
These words do not differ from each other in meaning.
These words are different from each other as parts of speech.
17. EXAMPLE (n). SAMPLE (n) Example means something which illustrates a point; sample means
a specimen of a whole.
The word sugar is an example of a non-count noun.
At the store they always give her a free sample of perfume.
18. FEWER (adj), LESS (adj) Both mean a small amount or quantity, but fewer is used with count
nouns and less with non-count nouns.
You should eat fewer candies.
You should eat k~ sugar.
19. FORMER (n). FIRST (n) Former means the first of two persons or things; first means the first of
three or more persons or things.
The test had a listening section and a grammar section, but the former was more difficult for
some students.
The test was comprised of three sections: a listening, a grammar, and a reading section, but
some thought the first was the most difficult.
20. FORMERLY (adv), FORMALLY (adv) Formerly means previously; formally means elegantly,
officially.
He was formerly a teacher, but now he is an actor.
He dressed formally for the banquet.
21. HAD BETTER (v), WOULD RATHER (v) Had better is used for advice; would rather is used for
preference.
You had better stay in bed with your cold.
I would rather go to work.
22. HARD (adj), HARDLY (adv) Hard means difficult; hardly means barely, scarcely.
The finals were hard and only a few of the students passed.
He was so surprised that he could hardly say anything.
23. IMAGINARY (adj), IMAGINATIVE (adj) Imaginary means something that is not real; imaginative
describes a person who shows great imagination.
The little girl created an imaginary guest and served her tea.
The authors of science fiction stories are imaginative writers.
24. LATER (adj), LATTER (pron / adj)
Later is the comparative form of late; latter means the second of two persons or things.
There is a yellow grammar book and a blue one, but the latter is better.
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You are busy now. Ill come back later.

25. LIKE (prep), SUCH AS (prep) Like means in the manner of and takes an object; such as means
for example.
You sound like my teacher.
Reading non-fiction such as newspapers and news magazines will help you.
26. LONELY (adj), ALONE (adj) Lonely means feeling abandoned; alone means not accompanied.
She told us she had no friends and was feeling lonely. She likes to go shopping alone.
27. PRECEDE (v), PROCEED (v) Precede means to come before; proceed means to go ahead.
In the driving test the written exam precedes the practical one. After a short break, we proceeded
with the agenda.
28. PRINCIPAL (n, adj), PRINCIPLE (n) Principal means very important, primary, or the director of a
school;
principle means a belief or doctrine.
The principal of the school congratulated the faculty and the students on the good results this
year.
The principal cause of World War I was the assassination of an Austrian archduke.
29. QUIET (adj), QUITE (adv) Quiet means without noise; quite means completely, very, or fairly.
The classroom was quiet during the test.
He was quite wrong to ignore the traffic lights when they were red.
The exam was quite difficult.
30. REMEMBER (v), REMIND (v) Remember means to recall or think of again; remind means to
cause someone to remember.
Its nice of you to remember my birthday. Can you remind me to bring you the book?
31. SENSIBLE (adj), SENSITIVE (adj) Sensible means having good judgment; sensitive means
touchy, or easily affected by external influences. It is not sensible to do strenuous physical
exercise in very hot weather. Never mention her weight; she is very sensitive about it.
32. SPECIAL (adj), ESPECIALLY (adv) Special refers to an unusual quality or something which
receives a lot of attention; especially means particularly.
John is good at art and especially good at portraits. John has a special talent for portraits.
33. THOROUGH (adj), THROUGH (prep) Thorough means complete; through means from one side
to the other side of something.
He looked through the window.
The analysis was very thorough.
34. WEATHER (n), WHETHER (conj) Weather means atmospheric conditions; whether means if.
The weather has been extremely hot this summer.
He didnt know whether to go or not.

PART II: Analogy

COMMON TRICKS FOR ANALOGY PROBLEMS
Watch Out for Errors Caused by Eye-Catchers.
Sometimes the test-makers set out to tempt you into making a mistake. They come up with incorrect
answer choices designed to catch your eye. These eye-catchers can distract your attention from the
real answer but not if youre aware of the test-makers game.
Ignore the Topics of the Word Pairs
Its easy to go wrong by focusing on the surface meanings of the words in the word pairs rather than
on their underlying relationship. Consider this example:
WING: FEATHER
A. turtle: shell
B. eagle: talon
C. fish: fin
D. wall: shingle
E. bird: fight
The words in the stem pair refer to parts of a bird, of course. A hasty glance at the answer choices
shows that four of them also refer to animals of one kind or another, and two (answers B and E) refer
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specifically to birds. So you might be tempted to pick one of these answers, misled by the surface
similarity.
Dont! The correct answer is choice (D). A well-thought-out bridge will tell you why. The relationship
between the words in the stem pair might be described this way: The WING of a bird is covered by
many small, overlapping segments, each called a FEATHER. Only choice (D) fits the same bridge:
The WALL of a house is [or may be] covered by many small, overlapping segments, each called a
SHINGLE. Can you picture the similarity? No such similarity exists when you picture the turtle and its
shell, the eagle and its talon (or claw), or any of the other items named in the answer choices.
Remember that youre looking for an answer choice that has the same relationship as the stem, not
an answer choice that reminds you of the stem.
The Joe Bloggs Principle: Eliminating Attractors
We have a name for answers that seem right to Joe Bloggs:attractors. You must look at hard
analogy questions the last three or four questions in a ten analogy group through Joes eyes, find
the attractors, and eliminate them.
Heres another example:
DESTITUTION: MONEY
(A) budget : options
(D) deficit : finance

(B) sobriety: inebriation

(E) pollution: factory

(C) opulence : wealth

Heres How to Crack It

This is the next to last question in its group, which means its hard. Joe Bloggs will definitely get it
wrong. Destitution is a very hard word. Most people, including Joe Bloggs, dont know what it means.
Money, however, is an easy word. Joe looks through the choices for a word that seems to go with
money. He finds three attractors- budget in choice A, wealth in choice C, and finance in choice D. Joe
will weigh these three choices and then pick one of them.
Once again, since this is an extremely difficult question, we know that Joe must certainly be wrong.
We can therefore eliminate all three choices.
How to Fill Vocabulary Gaps
Sometimes it should be rare you wont be able to find the one best answer for an analogy question.
You may encounter words whose meaning you dont know, and cant guess, even using the clues
provided by the analogy structure. When this happens, the basic three-step process wont do much
good. You cant even do step one; you cant build a bridge using a word you dont know. You need
another plan.
The best back-up strategy is not to focus on the stem pair. Instead, try looking at the answer pairs and
eliminate those that simply cant be right. If you can knock out even one, guessing from the remaining
choices is to your advantage. You may be surprised at how far this strategy can take you.
Before you guess, take these three steps to eliminate some answer choices. (And remember, even if
you can eliminate only one answer choice, guessing comes out in your favor.)
1. Eliminate answer choices with weak bridges.
2. Eliminate any two answer choices with identical bridges.
3. Eliminate answer choices with bridges that couldnt work with the stem pair no matter what that
unknown word means.
Occasionally you may find that youve eliminated all the answers you understand, leaving only an
answer that contains words you dont know. Dont be afraid choose it!
ANTONYM & SYNONYM VARIANTS:
Antonym: In an Antonym Variant, the words are not strictly antonyms however their meanings are
opposed. Take the adjective nervous. A strict antonym for the adjective nervous would be the
adjective poised. However, here an Antonym would put the adjective poised an Antonym Variant puts
the noun poise. It looks like this.
NERVOUS: POISE
Nervous means lacking in poise
WICKED: VIRTUE
Something that is wicked lacks virtue. It is the opposite of virtuous.
WILLFUL: OBEDIENCE
Willful means lacking in obedience. It is the opposite of obedient.
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Synonym: In a Synonym Variant, the words are not strictly synonyms however, their meanings are
similar. For example, take the adjective willful. A strict synonym for the adjective willful would be the
adjective unruly. However, where a Synonym would put the adjective unruly, a Synonym Variant would
put the noun unruliness. It looks like this.
WILLFUL: UNRULINESS
Willful means exhibiting unruliness
VERBOSE: WORDINESS
Someone verbose is wordy : he or she exhibits wordiness.
FRIENDLY: AMICABILITY
Someone friendly is amicable he or she shows amicability.
COMMON ANALOGY QUESTION TYPES:
Here are some analogy relationships weve found on recent Admission Test & SAT questions.
(If any of the examples that follow contain words youre not sure about, you know what to do: grab
your dictionary!)
Part: Whole
In this kind of analogy, one word names something that is part of whats named by the other word
usually a specific kind of part. Here are a couple of examples:
LID: POT:
roof: house
MOVEMENT: SYMPHONY:
scene: play
Opposites
Here, the two words in the pair are opposite or opposed in meaning.
Examples:
NAIVE: SOPHISTICATED:
untutored: educated
WATER: DROUGHT:
food: famine
Actor: Action
This kind of analogy links a person or thing with what they commonly do.
Examples:
COUNTERFEITER: FAKE:
blackmailer: extort
DETERGENT: CLEAN:
bleach: whiten
Actor: Acted Upon
The word pair includes a person or thing and another person or thing that is commonly acted upon or
affected by the first. Examples:
TEACHER: CLASS:
orator: audience
NET: FISH:
trap: game
Action: Acted Upon
Here an action is paired with the person or thing that commonly receives or is affected by the action,
Examples:
ALPHABETIZE: FILES:
catalog: books
RAZE: BUILDING:
fell: tree
Action: Emotion
One of the words describes an action, the other an emotion commonly associated with it. Examples:
LOSS: MOURN:
triumph: celebrate
TREMBLE: FEAR:
shiver: cold
Thing: Description
This kind of word pair includes one word that names a person or thing another that describes it.
Examples:
MISER: STINGY:
spendthrift: wasteful
GLADE: SHADY:
clearing: open
Description: Quality
Here, an adjective that describes a particular quality is paired with a noun that names the quality.
Examples:
LIFELIKE: VIVIDNESS:
truthful: honesty
ARROGANT: PRIDE:
modest: humility
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Differing Connotations
In this kind of analogy, two words are linked that have similar meanings but different feelings, moods,
or nuances in other words, different connotations. Examples:
CAR: JALOPY:
house: shanty
HIGH: SHRILL:
bright: blinding
Not every analogy on your exam will fit into one of these nine categories, but three quarters of them
will. Those that dont will embody miscellaneous relationships of their own, like these examples:
MUSICIAN: CONCERT:
poet: reading
Here, a type of artist is paired with an event at which he or she might perform.
BOTANY: PLANT:
astronomy: star
A field of science is paired with a typical object that is studied in that field.
GAUNTLET: HAND:
helmet: head
A gauntlet is an armored glove worn, of course, on the hand; a helmet is an armored that worn on the
head.

PART III: Home Assignment

Do you support the following statement? Write five points in favor of your standing:
1. Rickshaws should be withdrawn from Dhaka City.
2. Student politics should be banned in public universities.
3. A good business professor is not necessarily a good businessman.
4. Good undergraduate business curriculum is necessary to make future business executives in
Bangladesh.
5. Analytical ability of a business student is much more needed for Bangladesh in comparison with
the mechanical ability of an engineering student.
6. The secret of success is being grateful for what you have, however little, and not resenting life for
what it hasnt given you.
7. Coaching centers are necessary in Bangladesh to get admitted into a good university.
8. Public awareness is the most important requirement to avoid traffic jam in Dhaka.
9. Teenagers are mainly responsible for the generation gap with their elders.
10. Industry, not agriculture, should be the main sector for development in Bangladesh.
The following statement arouses differing opinions among general people. Write two
paragraphs showing opposite perspectives in each of them.
1. Rickshaws should be withdrawn from Dhaka City.
2. Student politics should be banned in public universities.
3. A good business professor is not necessarily a good businessman.
4. Good undergraduate business curriculum is necessary to make future business executives in
Bangladesh.
5. Analytical ability of a business student is much more needed for Bangladesh in comparison with
the mechanical ability of an engineering student.
6. The secret of success is being grateful for what you have, however little, and not resenting life for
what it hasnt given you.
7. Coaching centers are necessary in Bangladesh to get admitted into a good university.
8. Public awareness is the most important requirement to avoid traffic jam in Dhaka.
9. Teenagers are mainly responsible for the generation gap with their elders.
10. Industry, not agriculture, should be the main sector for development in Bangladesh.
Do you support the following statement? Write down in favor of your standing drawing from
logic and information.
1. Rickshaws should be withdrawn from Dhaka City.
2. Student politics should be banned in public universities.
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3. A good business professor is not necessarily a good businessman.

4. Good undergraduate business curriculum is necessary to make future business executives in
Bangladesh.
5. Analytical ability of a business student is much more needed for Bangladesh in comparison with the
mechanical ability of an engineering student.

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www.mentors.com.bd