STUDENT COPY

IBA
NAME :

ENGLISH LECTURE 12
Part
Part 1:

Contents
Review Test
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
ERRORS IN WORD CHOICE
LIKE / ALIKE / UNLIKE, MAKE / DO, ANOTHER / OTHER
FOR / DURING, ALTHOUGH / THOUGH,
ON TIME / IN TIME, BESIDE / BESIDES
AT THE END / IN THE END, BEEN / GONE
AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT
NEGATIVE AGREEMENT
EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

Part 2:

Writing
DIALOGUE WRITING
DATA INTERPRETATION

Part 3:

Take-Home Exercises

MENTRS
E D U C A T I O N

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REVIEW TEST
Time: 20 min
Marks: 25

Score ..

ERROR DETECTION (MARK E IF THERE IS NO ERROR)

1.
2.
D
3.
A
4.
A
5.
A
D
6.
D
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Even though the girls have all ready visited St. Augustine, they want to return to the Castillo de
A
B
C
D
San Marcos.
As a result of his inconsistency in represent his constituents, the senator was not reelected
A
B
C
to the state legislature.
Knowing that it would be helpless to continue working for nearly bankrupt Angry Pencils,
B
C
Shoummo decided to go away and find another type of employment.
D
Ritu wished that he could go to the party last weekend with his friend Naim.
B
C
D
In order to save the reputation of the nation, the leader acted as if nothing was done to defame
B
C
the proponent of microfinance.
If it had not been for the computerized register tape from the grocery store, I never would have
A
B
C
been able to figure on my expenditures.
You would have visited the doctor if the pain in the deltoid intensifies within the next two weeks.
A
B
C
D
Our new office building will be located downtown in the corner of Euclid Avenue and East Ninth
A
BC
D
Street. (on the corner of )
After checkingout the motor and the carburetor for problems, Jesse found that the noise was
A
B
C
D
caused by a lose fan belt.
Had we known about the match yesterday, we could goto watch it with our friends.
A
BC
D
Because the committee was anxious to attend the celebration, the president dispensed to reading
A
B
C
the minutes. [Dispense: to give or provide (something), to prepare and give (medicine); dispense
with: to set aside , discard , to do without

D
12. Scientists were interested about the radioactivity emanating from the nuclear power plant (interested in).
A
B
C
D

13. Rony would rather that Zahid had not lived in the room where the former studies.
A
B
C
D
14. Because it was faster, John insisted in my taking the plane to Miami instead of the train. ( insist on)
A
B
C
D
15. His highly imaginary composition won the judges approval and the first prize in the competition.
A
B
C
D
SENTENCE COMPLETION
16. Because management _______ the fact that employees find it difficult to work alertly at repetitious
tasks, it sponsors numerous projects to _______ enthusiasm for the job.
a. recognizes . generate
b. disproves . create
c. respects . quench
d. controls . regulate
e. surmises . suspend
17. Eratosthenes maps were _______ by the _______ state of exploration in his time, but they fit the
facts then known.
a. enhanced . traditional
b. disorganized . stagnant
c. limited . primitive
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d. refuted . flourishing
e. determined . exaggerated
18. Never forgetting his education as a preacher, Burwell often interrupts the narrative with _______
commentary, eager that his readers _______ the moral.
a. romantic . ignore
b. prophetic . Discredit
c. bombastic . disregard
d. apathetic . heed
e. didactic . grasp
19. The training center, clean and regimented, is ____ to those seeking the ____ once associated
with boxing.
a. convincing . chaos
b. disappointing . seediness c. surprising . austerity
d. refreshing . camaraderie
e. inspiring . ambition
20. Of _______ disposition, she spoke very little, even when in the company of her good friends.
a. an amiable
b. a benign
c. a carping
d. a taciturn
e. an inhumane
PICK THE CORRECT SENTENCE FROM THE OPTIONS.
21.
a. Watch the sky closely for several minutes you are likely to see an artificial satellite pass over.
b. Watch the sky closely for several minutes; you are likely to see an artificial satellite pass over.
c. Watch the sky closely for several minutes, you are likely to see an artificial satellite pass over.
d. If you watch the sky closely for several minutes. You are likely to see an artificial satellite pass
over.
e. None of these
22.
a. Some club members were late for the meeting for example, Tanya and Scott came in at 9:30.
b. Some club members were late for the meeting, for example Tanya and Scott came in at 9:30.
c. Some club members were late for the meeting, for example, Tanya and Scott came in at 9:30.
d. Some club members were late for the meeting; for example, Tanya and Scott came in at 9:30.
e. None of these
23.
a. The Milky Way looks like a dim cloud stretching across the night sky it is actually a huge galaxy
containing millions of stars.
b. The Milky Way looks like a dim cloud stretching across the night sky, it is actually a huge galaxy
containing millions of stars.
c. The cloud-like Milky Way stretching across the night sky is actually a huge galaxy containing
millions of stars.
d. Although the Milky Way looks like a dim cloud stretching across the night sky. It is actually a
huge galaxy containing millions of stars.
e. None of these
24.
a. Most asteroids are small and far away therefore they are dim and hard to see.
b. Most asteroids are small and far away, therefore they are dim and hard to see.
c. Most asteroids are small and far away therefore, they are dim and hard to see.
d. Most asteroids are small and far away; therefore, they are dim and hard to see.
e. None
25.
a. Look through Angelo's telescope you can see Saturn's rings.
b. If you look through Angelo's telescope, you can see Saturn's rings.
c. Look through Angelo's telescope, you can see Saturn's rings.
d. You can see Saturn's rings, look through Angelo's telescope.
e. None of these

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PART I: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

ERRORS IN W ORD CHOICE
WRONG CHOICE OF LIKE, UNLIKE OR ALIKE
Have the Words like, alike, and unlike been used correctly?
i

When like is a preposition followed by an object, it means similar.

Like my father, I am an architect. (My father is a architect, and I am one too.)

ii

Unlike is a preposition followed by an object and means not similar.

Unlike my mother, her mother has a full-time job.
(Her mother has a full-time job, but my mother does not.)

iii

Alike can be an adverb meaning equally or an adjective meaning similar.

As an adverb
The tuition increase was opposed by students and teachers alike
As an adjective My brother and sister are alike in many ways.

Sample Items
1

Alike their close relative the frogs, toads are amphibians.

A
B
C
D
Choice (A) doesnt follow the pattern like A, B . . .

Asters, as most perennial plants, bloom once a year.

A B
CD
The word like should be used in place of the word as before a noun phrase (most perennial plants).
WRONG CHOICE OF MAKE OR DO
Common Expressions with Make
make advances in
make an attempt
make a comparison
make a contribution
make a decision
make a distinction
make a forecast
make a law
make a point

make an investment
make a plan
make a prediction
make a profit
make a promise
make an offer
make a suggestion
make a sound/noise
Make up (= compose)

To make is also used in this pattern: make + someone + adjective(The gift made her happy.)

Common Expressions with Do

Do an assignment
Do business with
Do ones duty
Do someone a favor

Do a job (errand, chore)

Do research
Do ones work

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Sample Items
1
Cement is done from varying amounts of limestone, clay, and gypsum.
A
B
C
D
The verb done is incorrect in this sentence. The correct word choice is made.
2

Small town newspapers often urge readers to make business with local merchants.
A
B
C
D
The phrase should read do business with.
aa
WRONG CHOICE OF ANOTHER OR OTHER
Have the words another, the others, other, and others been used correctly?
i
Another + a singular noun means one more.
I want another peach.
I want another one.
ii

The other + a singular noun means the last of the group being discussed.
We bought three peaches. My brother and I each ate one. We left the other peach on the table.

iii

The other + a plural noun means the rest of the group.

This peach is rotten, but the other peaches in the box are good.

(iv)

The other + a non-count noun means all the rest.

We put the oranges in a bowl and stored the other fruit in the refrigerator.

Other + a plural noun means more of the group being discussed.

There are other peaches in the box.

vi

Other + a non-count noun means more of the group.

There is other fruit besides peaches in the box.

Sample Items

Willa Cather is known for My Antonia and another novels of the American frontier.
A
B
C
D
B is wrong. Before a plural noun, other must be used.
An understudy is an actor who can substitute for other actor in case of an emergency.
A
B
C
D
C is wrong. Other is used incorrectly in place of another before a singular noun.
EXERCISE 1: Choose the best alternative
1

The tips of high-speed dental drills are (done / made) of tungsten steel and often contain
diamonds.

A cottage industry is a form of manufacturing (done/made) at home.

(Alike/Like) stars, galaxies tend to congregate in clusters.

Lightning is a rush of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to
(another/other).

A ballet dancers techniques and skills are very different from those of (another/other) dancers.

The commercial center of New York City, the island of Manhattan is joined to the (another/other)
boroughs by bridges and tunnels.

The legal surrender of a criminal suspect from one state or country to (another/other) is called
extradition.

Please (make/do) me a favor and help me fix my car.

I would be very glad to (make/do) business with your company.

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10 I really liked that glass of juice. Please get me (other/another).

FOR and DURING

We use for + a period of time to say how long something goes on :
for six years, for two hours, for a week
-

I've lived in this house for six years.

- We watched television for two hours last night. Ann is going away for a week in September
- Where have you been ? I've been waiting for ages. Are you going away for the weekend?
You cannot use during in this way:
-

It rained for three days without stopping. (not 'during three days')

We use during + noun to say when something happens (not, how long) :
during the film, during our holiday, during the night
-

I fell asleep during the film.

- We met a lot of interesting people during our holiday.

- The ground is wet. It must have rained during the night. I'll phone you some time during the afternoon.

ALTHOUGH and THOUGH

Very often, both of these words can be used in the same way.
Example: They are a nice family, Al(though )I don't like young Sandra much. There are one or two
differences :
*Though is often used with even to give emphasis. Even although is not
possible.
Example: Even though I didn't understand a word, I kept smiling.
*Though (but not although) can be put at the end of a sentence, with the meaning of
however.
Example: It was a quiet party. I had a good time though.
ON TIME / IN TIME
On time = punctual, not late. If something happens on time, it happens at the time, which was
planned:
- The 11.45 train left on time. ( = it left at 11.45)
- A I'll meet you at the corner at 7.30.
- B Okay, but please be on time. (= don't be late / be there at 7.30)
- The conference was very well organized. Everything began and finished on time.
In time (for something / to do something) = soon enough for something / soon enough to do
something:
Will you be home in time for dinner? (= soon enough for dinner)
I've sent Jill her birthday present. I hope it arrives in time (for her birthday). (=
soon enough for her birthday)
I must hurry. I want to get home in time to see the football match on
television. (= soon enough to see the football match)
The opposite of in time is too late :
- I got home too late to see the football match.
Note the expression just in time :
- We got to the station just in time to catch the train.
- A dog ran in front of the car, but I managed to stop just in time (to avoid hitting the dog).

BESIDE and BESIDES

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Beside is a preposition that means 'at the side of or 'by'

Example:
Who's the big blonde sitting beside Philip?
*Besides is both a preposition and an adverb.
*As a preposition, it is used rather like as well as, when we want to add new information to what is
already known.
Example:
Besides literature, we have to study history and philosophy. (history and philosophy as well as
literature)
Who was at the party besides Jack and the Bensons?.0 know about Jack and the Bensons, but who
else was there?)
*As an adverb, it means 'also', 'moreover or 'as well'. It usually goes before a clause.
Example:
I don't like those shoes; besides, they're too expensive. It's too late to go out no. Besides, it's starting
to rain.

AT THE END / IN THE END

At the end (of something) = at the time when something ends. For example :
at the end of the month
at the end of the film
at the end of the match

at the end of January

at the end of the course
at the end of the concert

- I'm going away at the end of January / at the end of the month.
- At the end of the concert, there was tremendous applause.
- All the players shook hands at the end of the match.
You cannot say 'in the end of something'.
The opposite of at the end is at the beginning
at the beginning of the concert at the beginning of January
In the end = finally. We use in the end when we say what the final result of a situation was: We had a lot of problems with our car. In the end we sold it and bought another one.
- He got more and more angry. In the end he just walked out of the room.

BEEN and GONE

Both of these words are used as past participles of to go, but with different meanings.
Example:
My husband's gone to London today. (He hasn't returned.)
My husband's been to London today. (And he's returned.)
Mary's gone to Nigeria. (She's there now, or on her way.)
Have you ever been to Nigeria? (Said to somebody who is not in Nigeria.)
AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT
Subject + verb (be) + too
Affirmative statement (be) + and +
So + verb (be) + subject
I am happy, and you are too. OR I am happy, and so are you.
Subject + auxiliary only + too
Affirmative statement + and + (compound verb) +
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So + auxiliary only + subject

Subject + do, does, or did + too
Affirmative statement + and + (single verb except be) +
So + do, does, or did + subject
Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too.
Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister.
Additional examples:
John went to the mountains on his vacation, and we did too.
John went to the mountains on his vacation, and so did we.
Exercise 2: Affirmative Agreement
1.
Rose likes to fly, and her brother _____did__ too
2.
They will leave at noon, and I __will___ too.
3.
He has an early appointment, and so __do_____ I.
4.
She has already written her composition, and so ___have____ her friends
5.
Their plane is arriving at nine oclock, and so _is_____ mine.
NEGATIVE AGREEMENT
Negative statement + and subject + negative auxiliary or be + either
Negative statement + and neither + positive auxiliary or be + subject.
I didnt see Mary this morning John didnt see Mary this morning.
I didnt Mary this morning, and John didnt either.
I didnt see Mary this morning, and neither did John.
Exercise 3: Negative Agreement
1.
The children shouldnt take that medicine, and _neither_______ should she.
2.
We dont plan to attend the concert, and _neither_____ do they.
3.
I dont like tennis, and he doesnt _____either______
4.
She didnt she anyone she knew, and ___neither__ did Tim.
5.
The Yankees couldnt play due to the bad weather, and neither_____ could the Angels.
EMBEDDED QUESTIONS
An embedded question is one, which is included in a sentence or another question. The word order is
not that of typical questions, except for subject questions. Study the following rule.
Subject + verb (phrase) + question word + subject + verb
NOTE: There must not auxiliary between the question word and the subject in an embedded
question.
Question:
Where will the meeting take place?
Embedded question: We havent ascertained where the meeting will take place.
Q-word Subject Verb phrase
Question:
Why did the plane land at the wrong airport?
Embedded question: The authority doesnt know why the plane landed at the wrong airport.
Q-word Subject Verb phrase
Exercise 4: Form Embedded Questions
1.
Who will be the elected president? Im not sure
2.

Whose book is it? They havent discovered

3.

How much will it cost to repair the car? The mechanic told me

4.

How was the murder committed? The police are still trying to decide

5.

How tall is John? Do you know

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PART II: WRITING

DIALOGUE WRITING
Dialogue writing is another important question type for the IBA Admission test. This is a type of
question that usually appears in the admission test for MBA Program. Nevertheless, BBA Admission
seekers should also prepare for this question type.
Since it is easier to develop the writing this way, at Mentors, we suggest students to write
dialogues between two persons. When the number of speakers is more than two, you may find it
difficult to construct dialogues or to coherently continue talks. However, if question stem asks you to
write dialogue between more than two speakers, you have to follow the instruction.
Start and end the dialogues with some sort of address or greeting. A lot of students start their
work straightaway talking about the subject matter. This is a bad practice since any average examiner
would love to see how smoothly you slide into the subject from outside.
On any subject matter, end the dialogues with an agreement between the speakers. There may
be differences in their opinion at the first part. But in the later part they should be approaching a
consensus. For example, if the topic is student politics, the last two-three dialogues should show that
speakers agree on the preferred form and features of student politics.
It is better if you briefly introduce the speakers and the scenario in two to three lines at the
beginning of your work. Confine this part with parentheses.
Follow the following steps:
Concentrate on the topic and think over it before you start writing.
Construct different opinions that may be found on that topic. Assign those opinions to your
speakers.
Any one speaker will raise the issue. In response to that, one speaker will state his/her opinion
first and then the other will respond with his/hers.
At first, both the speakers will try to establish their own point of view.
Later on, they will reach a consensus point. This point will be marked by a statement by one of the
speakers and will be a somewhat leveraged version of the differing opinions.
For example: You are asked to write dialogue between two friends about student politics. One of your
speakers will say that student politics must be banned. The other will disagree with this. They will then
discuss the topic from different perspectives and will try to reach a agreement. As mentioned earlier,
at the later part of the dialogues they will reach a balanced standpoint. This agreement point will vow
that constructive student politics is appreciable; but terrorism and anarchy must be checked.
While writing short essays or arguments, we use formal English words. In case of dialogue writing,
do use small and easy sounding words. Sentence structure and diction should be different in the
sense that you must not write in a way that is unlikely to be spoken in real life.
For example, if someone writes words like Obnoxious or Phlegmatic in dialogues, it definitely shows
the writers lack of common sense. Words as objectionable or indifferent are more likely to be used in
common dialogues of real life. However, never use words like GONNABE or GOTTABE that are
too informal. Never write anything that portrays hostility or use of unparliamentarily talks between the
speakers. Never use any slang or colloquial.
It is possible that you will be asked to write a dialogue without any given topic. Only the place of the
dialogue and the names of the speakers may be mentioned. In that case you have to do a little more
than what we have said in the previous paragraphs.
Imagine what the purpose of the speakers is, being in that place. Some examples are given here:
If they are in an embassy may be they are facing interview for VISA.
If they are at a bus stop, they may be waiting for a bus to come.
If they are at the stadium, they could be watching an important sports match.
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Think about the speakers occupation, role, and position. Question yourself: what is he/she doing
there? Has he/she got the purpose done? What does the speaker feel about the purpose?
Get the speakers to state the information in dialogue form. Make them respond to each others
queries.
Once you get to the point of why the speakers are there, start discussing the topic as instructed
earlier.
Notwithstanding any topic or situation described in the question stem, make them leave the place of
dialogue greeting each other.
SAMPLE QUESTION AND ANSWER:
Write dialogue between two friends about Grading System in Public Examinations
[Rana and Reenat are friends studying in class X; they are chatting at the school playground
after the SSC result of their immediate seniors is published]
Rana: Then what do you think Munia? Is this Grading System really good?
Reenat: May be its good, but what is the use? Most of the students do not seem to understand it!
Rana: Whatever may be, students having their results published in CGPA will enjoy advantage
worldwide. This result is interpretable throughout the world.
Reenat: The ranges are too wide to recognize the differences between students of different qualities.
It is ridiculous that students scoring 60 and 79 will be judged as equal. The marks and division system
did not have this problem.
Rana: Since this is the first year with this system, we should not have expected too much of
perfection. Rather we should appreciate the positive change it has brought about to our educational
system.
Reenat: I think you are right. This system is a major step in modernizing our educational system to
match with the ever-changing world.
Rana: One thing I must say that authorities should have made adequate publicity about this new
system.
Reenat: I agree, that would have made lots of confusion disappear.
Rana: I believe that by the time we sit for our SSC, problems and loopholes of this grading system will
be removed.
Reenat: So do I. However, I have to leave for my Physics practical. Are you coming to Rikhis birthday
party this evening? Farhana and others are coming.
Rana: Yes, see you there.
Reenat: Good-bye for now.
Write dialogues between two sisters who got stuck in traffic congestion.
[Ishita is elder sister of Rikhi. These sisters are going shopping. They need to hurry but they
are now confided in traffic congestion]
Ishita: Rikhi, I told you earlier that we would not make it to Nadias house in due time. See, this
congestion does not seem to collapse in an hour.
Rikhi: sorry apu, I thought we could easily buy a gift for her birthday and then go to her place in due
time. In fact, traffic congestion has been so common these days that one cannot expect to keep
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appointments.
Ishita: I do not understand why government does not take any initiatives.
Rikhi: they do not have magic; this problem is so deeply rooted that only a long-term plan can do. The
roads are all narrow, traffic is heavier every day, and traffic-rule violating tendency is also increasing.
Ishita: dont you think banning rickshaws would be a solution? I believe these vehicles are the major
reasons behind traffic congestion.
Rikhi: I think banning rickshaws will aggravate the situation. We do not have alternatives to rickshaw.
As long as we do not develop one, we have think of restructuring the entire traffic system.
Ishita: One-way traffic, specious roads, and strict enactment of law can alleviate the problem at least
for the time being.
Rikhi: yes, I agree with you. Oh look, it has started to loosen up the congestion. Pray to God, may be
we can make it even though at the last minute.
DATA PRESENTATION
Present the data given below in a table format and give a suitable title:
1. When 263 students of Dhaka University who reside in halls were asked about their perception
regarding the condition of halls, 78 said that it is easier to contact outside people and rest said that it
is not easier; 142 are satisfied with the dining facilities and rest are not satisfied; 50 are satisfied with
the entertainment facilities and rest are not; 25 are satisfied with accommodation facilities and rest are
not; and finally 20% are satisfied with the overall condition and rest are not satisfied with the overall
condition.
2. A BRTA report shows that the number of registered car in Dhaka city in 1990 was 1170 and in 1995
was 3482; the number of motor cycle was 2798 and 4132 respectively in those two years. Further
exploration of the report shows that the number of autorickshaw was 1582 and 6217 on those two
years respectively. But the driving license issued for car were 4907 and 1124; for motorcycle 5085
and 647 and for autorickshaw 4160 and 1270.
DATA INTERPRETATION
1. Health Facilities in Bangladesh as on 1997 are given below. Write down five sentences based on
the given data:
Hospital
Hospital Beds
Persons Per Hospital Bed
Registered Physician
Persons Per Physician
Households Per Physician

938
38,106
3,261
27,546
4,512
725

2. Compositions of labor force of agriculture sector and education level of five different countries are
given in the table below. Carefully see the data. Write one paragraph based on your observation of
the data and specifically try to chalk out an action plan for Bangladesh in comparison with the
developed countries.

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Percentage of labor Force in the

agriculture sector
2%
2%
12%
76%
83%
GRAPH/CHART DESCRIPTION

Country
USA
UK
Japan
India
Bangladesh

Education level of the

population
98%
99%
98%
40%
30%

DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING CHART & GRAPH

1. The pie chart presents percentage of new job opportunities in Australia in year 2001.

New Job openings in Australia in 2001

Medicine, 12%
Social Service, 26%
Engineering, 8%

Research, 3%

Medicine
Engineering
Research
Management
Finance
Social Service

Finance, 15%

Management, 36%

2. The number of tourists visiting Malaysia and Dubai from 1995 to 2003 is presented below.

Tourist Visit in Malaysia and Dubai (in 1000)

450

400

350

300

250

Dubai
Malaysia

200

150

100

50

0
1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Make sure that you know the format and writing style of the following eight aspects:
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Short Note
Dialogue writing
Data Interpretation

Paragraph
Thematic Writing
Data Presentation.

Essay
Argument Writing

Your handwriting, spelling and grammar will definitely give you advantage. Follow the formats and
structures of those eight structures as discussed in the class and practice as much as you can. If you
dont answer written English part in your admission test, there is a possibility that you will be
considered as fail because you have to pass in each and every section and subsection. So, take it
very seriously.

PART III: Home Assignment

Write dialogues between/among

Two friends who are planning to go abroad for higher studies

Two guardians about the current condition of educational institutions
Two business persons regarding prospect of businesses in Bangladesh
You and your brother discussing where you want to see yourselves after ten years from now
Two teachers about the grading system in public examinations
Two friends in the Ekushey book fair

Analogy: Choose the best Answer

1.PRECIS: ELABORATION
A. comprehension : understanding
C. simplification : decoration

B. revision : correction
D. accuracy : abnormality

E. expurgation : distortion

2.MASON: STONE
A. soldier : weapon
C. blacksmith : forge

B. lawyer : law
D. teacher : pupil

E. carpenter : wood

3.PENURY: MONEY
A. starvation : sustenance
C. infirmity : illness

B. independence : freedom
D. reality : foresight

E. spontaneity : care

4.ATTENUATE: SIGNAL
A. exacerbate : problem
C. dampen : enthusiasm

B. modify : accent
D. elongate : line

E. dramatize : play

5.DALMATIAN : DOG
A. oriole : bird
C. shark : great white

B. horse : pony
D. ant : insect

E. stock : savings

6.PARACHUTE : AIRPLANE
A. lifeboat : ship
C. trampoline : tent

B. knapsack : school
D. trunk : tree

E. elevator : floor

7.PULSE : HEART
A. pitch : music
C. tick : clock

B. nerve : brain
D. motor : engine

E. blood : artery

8.MOMENT : ETERNITY
A. light : beam
C. space : time

B. darkness : sun
D. water : ocean

E. point : infinity

9.ANARCHIST : LAWS
A. partisan : allegiance
C. pacifist : war

B. federalist : union
D. insurgent : rebellion

E. despot : leadership

Reading Comprehension
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As trees grow old, they add a new ring for each year. This discovery, it seems, was first made by
Leonardo Da Vinci, The famous Italian painter and scientist. It took a long time, however, before the
serious study of tree rings started. This was done in Arizona by Andrew Ellicott Douglas.
Douglas developed a simple technique for dating trees called cross-dating and for a period of over 20
years continued the study of tree rings. He spent much of his time in logging camps near Flagstaff.
The Douglas method has been used by many scientists. Some of them used it to examine logs in
Indian pueblo ruins. They were able to date the buildings right back to the tenth century. Others used
it to date the worlds oldest living trees, the bristlecone pines.
1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
(A) Leonardo made many discoveries.
(B) Leonardo was famous as a painter.
(C) Leonardo was interested in the aging process.
(D) Leonardo became famous because of his tree ring discovery.
2. What also can be inferred from the first paragraph?
(A) Leonardo started the serious study of tree rings.
(B) Leonardos discovery was not developed for many years.
(C) Tree rings were studied in Arizona for a long time after Leonardo.
(D) Douglas was a famous Arizona scientist.
3. What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
(A) The term cross-dating was invented by Douglas.
(B) An uncomplicated method of tree-dating was discovered by Douglas.
(C) It took Douglas 20 years to develop a tree-dating technique.
(D) The technique of cross-dating was developed near Flagstaff.
4. What also can be inferred from the second paragraph?
(A) Logging camps are good places for studying tree rings.
(B) Douglas spent 20 years near Flagstaff.
(C) Douglas spent most of his life studying tree rings.
(D) There are courses for studying tree rings near Flagstaff.
5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
(A) The Douglas method has been used since the 10th century.
(B) Indians used the Douglas method to examine logs.
(C) The earliest known trees can be dated by the Douglas method.
(D) Indians used bristlecone pines to construct their buildings.
6. What also can be inferred from the last paragraph?
(A) American Indians lived in the region investigated nearly a thousand years ago.
(B) The Douglas method can be used to date all 10th century ruins.
(C) Scientists dated the bristlecone pine to the tenth century.
(D) The Indian pueblo ruins were not as old as the bristlecone pines.
Passage 2:
Elizabeth F. Loftus reports that she has watched thousands of trial witnesses going from being unsure
to positive through a variety of devices (positivity of others, stress, insecurity or self, etc.) and that the
opposite is also true memory can go from clear to positive to doubt and fuzziness. It appears that
new connections are formed between neurons as new learning takes place, and old ones start to
diminish. Neurosurgeon George Ojemann and psychologist Harry Whitaker tested bilingual surgical
patients with electrical stimulation and found that their first and second languages share some cortical
area but also have some separate turf. The second language occupies more cortex than the first.
They speculate that as the new language becomes familiar, the cortical area devoted to it becomes
less. Psychologist Charles Furst, in The Brain, notes: If the nerve impulses circle their selected
pathways long enough, they leave an indelible memory trace.
1.

Who does she in line 1 refer to?

(A) Elizabeth Loftus
(B) Charles Furst

(C) George Ojemann

(D) Harry Whitaker

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2.

3.

4.
5.

6.

7.

What does ones in line 5 refer to?

(A) Connections
B) Memories
learning

(C) Neurons

(D) Forms of

What does their in line 7 refer to?

(A) Ojemann and Whitaker
(C) Bilingual surgical patients

(B) Thousands of trial witnesses

(D) Those with first and second languages

What does the first in line 8 refer to?

(A) Cortical area (B) Separate turf

(C) Language

What does they in line 8 refer to?

(A) Loftus and other scientists
(C) Different patients

(B) Ojemann and Whitaker

(D) Furst and other psychologists

What does it in line 9 refer to ?

(A) The first language
(C) The familiar language

(B) The cortical area

(D) The second language

What does their in line 10 refer to?

(A) Cortical area
(B) Nerve impulses

(C) Selected pathways (D) Memory traces.

(D) Stimulation

Passage 3:
Californias colorful history, a special one even by American standards, gives a unique flavor to its
customs and lifestyle. The first Europeans to actively settle California were Spaniards. In 1768, they
began the famous mission system along the El Camino Real, now U.S. Highway 101 and Interstate
Highway 5. This was followed by the establishment of the fortified trading posts at San Francisco and
Monterey and the first cities at Los Angeles and San Jose. Spains king granted vast ranchos to
favored civil and military officers. Many streets, towns, and landmarks in the state still bear their
names. The distinctive architectural style, the rambling, cool, thick-walled adobe structure with its red
tile roof, dates from the Spanish period. In the early I 800s, California became a self-governing
province of newly independent Mexico. The ruling government attempted land reform, breaking up the
huge Spanish ranchos and giving ownership to Mexican citizens. This, together with other conflicts,
led to war with Mexico.
1.
2.

3.

What does the word its in line 1 refer to?

(A)California
(B) The colorful history (C) America
What does the word they in line 2 refer to?
(A) The first Europeans (B) The Americans
missionaries.

(C) The Spaniards

What do the words the state in line 6 refer to?

(A) Spain
(B) America
(C) Mexico

(D) Spain.
(D)The

(D) California.

4.

What does the word their in line 6 refer to?

(A) The first traders
(B) The workers on the ranchos.
(C) The kings of Spain (D) Civil and military officers.

5.

What does the word its in line 7 refer to?

(A) The architectural style (B) The red tile roof. (C) The adobe structure
period.

6.

(D) The Spanish

The word this in line 10 refers to

(A) Californias progress toward self-government (B) the granting of independence to Mexico
(C) The establishment of huge Spanish ranchos (D) the attempt to bring in land reform.

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