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Honorable Delegates,
It is our pleasure to welcome you to the GA second committee, the Economic and Social
Council of Rotaract Global Model United Nations Conference.
We are Natalia Hermida and Elisavet Dravalou and will serve you as your chairs. We will
do our best to make this conference an outstanding and challenging experience.
We know that you are on the lookout for this activity. Each one of you has a key role in the
development of the committee; therefore, it is vital that your research is accurate and you
have the knowledge and capacity in order to support your arguments and propose viable
solutions.
During the session, we will be discussing two subjects:
A. The Economic and Social Impact of Ebola on the Affected Countries and Solutions for an Efficient and Multi-Sectoral Response.
B. Securing and Attaining Sustainable Water Management.
This study guide will be the starting point for you to get familiar with the topics and their
different dimensions. We encourage you to go further and get prepared by gathering as
much information as possible in order to make this debate a challenging one.
We are confident that this conference will contribute to your academic development but
beyond that, with wonderful memories, friends for life and courage to Be the change you
wish to see in the world. Mahatma Gandhi
We are looking forward to meeting you, if you have any questions during the research,
please do not hesitate to contact us.
Sincerely yours,
Natalia and Elisavet
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
11
KEY WORDS
12
CONCLUSION
12
REFERENCES
13
!
Source: http://social.yourstory.com/2014/01/solve-indias-toilet-crisis-throughsimple-click-or-buying-toilet-cleaner/
INTRODUCTION
Safe drinking water and adequate sanitation are crucial for poverty reduction, crucial for
sustainable development, and crucial for achieving any and every one of the Millennium
Development Goals. Ban Ki Moon, Secretary General
Water crisis, water stress and water scarcity are one of the most crucial issues
that
concept
Water
scarcity
is
referred to as the insufficient or lack of water resources that would cater to the
need of people in its usage.1 While Water stress is the struggle or difficulty of
obtaining fresh water for use in a certain period of time that may even lead to a
permanent situation because of environmental issues that adds up to the problem or
it may also be defined as a situation where the availability of water is major constraint on
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity.shtml
Rotaract Global Model United Nations; Belgrade 26 30 August, 2015
[4 ]
To live properly, a person would need a minimum of 50 liters of water per day to ensure
that his basic needs are met; unfortunately millions of people do not have access to it, not
only because of environmental conditions, but also because of the lack of infrastructure,
the quality of the water, unsustainable consumption patterns and over-exploitation of
groundwater reserves. Moreover, pollution,
http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/article141.html
See also: http://www.climatedata.info/Impacts/Impacts/waterstress.html
3
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-crisis/
Rotaract Global Model United Nations; Belgrade 26 30 August, 2015
[5 ]
used in agriculture and industries only deteriorate the crisis, especially in certain regions of
the planet.
Access to safe water and sanitation are legal rights, governments should accelerate their
compromise to reach basic levels and better access; also vulnerable communities shall be
trained in order to participate in decision making processes.
For the reasons mentioned above, the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights adopted the General Comment No. 15, which estates that "The human right to
water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the
realization of other human rights." The UN aims to improve the management of scarce
fresh water resources, emphasizing on supply and demand as well as quantity and quality.
https://www.rotary.org/myrotary/en/learning-reference/about-rotary/water-and-sanitation
http://www.adb.org/sectors/water/main
http://www.freshwateraction.net/content/about-us-0
Photo source: https://www.charlestonrotary.com/Community/Water-Project.aspx
Rotaract Global Model United Nations; Belgrade 26 30 August, 2015
[6 ]
in
relation
to
desalination etc.9
The
United
N a t i o n s
Environment Programme (UNEP) has as its goal the equitable and sustainable
management of water resources.10 The World Water Assessment Programme of UNESCO
monitors the worlds freshwater resources, provides recommendations, develops case
studies, enhance assessment capacity at a national level and inform the decision-making
http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/
http://www.conservation.org/what/Pages/fresh-water.aspx
http://www.unep.org/Themes/Freshwater/About/index.asp
Rotaract Global Model United Nations; Belgrade 26 30 August, 2015
[7 ]
process.11The WHO has repeatedly dealt with the issue of drinking water and health risks
that may arise after contaminating water with infectious agents.12
[See also: http://www.un.org/earthwatch/freshwater/ for some detailed freshwater
assessments].
In order to protect and maintain a sustainable water management, the United Nations
implemented the following resolutions:
-
22 March, 2005: Start of the International Decade for Action "Water for Life" 2005-2015
as established in Resolution A/RES/58/217
21 December, 2009: Resolution calling for a Midterm comprehensive review of the implementation of the International Decade for Action 'Water for life' 2005-2015 (A/RES/
64/198).
28 July, 2010:
and
sanitation as a human right (A/RES/64/292).
-
11
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/
12
http://www.who.int/topics/drinking_water/en/
Rotaract Global Model United Nations; Belgrade 26 30 August, 2015
[8 ]
22 March, 2005: Start of the International Decade for Action "Water for Life" 2005-2015
as established in Resolution A/RES/58/217
13
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/milestones.shtml
Rotaract Global Model United Nations; Belgrade 26 30 August, 2015
[9 ]
20-22 June, 2012: Rio+20. The Rio+20 Outcome Document highlights the commitment
to the 2005-2015 International Decade for Action "Water for Life".
11 March, 2014: Special Event Taking Stock of the International Year of Water
Cooperation and Advancing the Global Water Agenda Post-2015.
19 July, 2014: UN Open Working Group adopts its final proposal for Sustainable
Development Goals.
17 August, 2014: The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the NonNavigational Uses of International Watercourses (United Nations Watercourse
Convention) enters into force .
30 March, 2015: High-level Interactive Dialogue The International Decade for Action:
Progress achieved and lessons learned relevant to the achievement of sustainable
development'.
9-11 June, 2015: High Level International Conference on the implementation of the
International Decade for Action Water for Life, 2005-2015 in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
13- 16 July, 2015: 3rd International Conference on Financing for Development in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.14
From where will the resources to generate those incentives come from?
14
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/milestones.shtml
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[11]
What are some realistic short-term and long-term measures in order to achieve sustainable water management?
Which countries face a water crisis and what are the economic and social consequences?
KEY WORDS
-
Human Rights: Are those rights intrinsic to all human beings despite their nationality,
religion, language, etc.
Millennium Goals: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are a set of eight
goals set by 191 United Nations member countries that have the goal of halving world
poverty by the year 2015.15
Safe Water: Water able to be consumed due to a purification process which does not
represent any risk to health.
CONCLUSION
Cities cannot be sustainable without ensuring reliable access to safe drinking water and
adequate sanitation. Coping with the growing needs of water and sanitation services within
cities is one of the most pressing issues of this century. Sustainable, efficient and equitable
management of water in cities has never been as important as in today's world. There is a
strong link between water management and poverty reduction. The lack of fresh water
15
https://www.oxfam.org.au/what-we-do/aid-and-development/millennium-developmentgoals/what-are-the-millennium-development-goals/
16
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/salubrious
Rotaract Global Model United Nations; Belgrade 26 30 August, 2015
[12]
does not only result to people suffering and dying, but also to nations economies suffering.
Water management is, not only a necessary step to preserve the planet and humanity, but
also a good investment. It can contribute to poverty reduction in affordable ways and it
promotes health and therefore development in local communities. 17
REFERENCES
-
http://www.unwater.org/topics/water-security/en/
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/27_01_2014_un-water_paper_on_a_post2015_global_goal_for_water.pdf
http://www.aquafed.org/pages/fr/admin/UserFiles/pdf/2013-10-11_Budapest_Water_Summit_Statement.pdf
http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SC/pdf/Consultation_freshwater_2013_EN.pdf
https://www.rotary.org/myrotary/en/learning-reference/about-rotary/water-and-sanitation
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002180/218061e.pdf
http://www.lb.undp.org/content/dam/rbas/doc/Energy%20and%20Environment/
Arab_Water_Gov_Report/Arab_Water_Report_AWR_Chapter%203.pdf
h t t p s : / / b o o k s . g o o g l e . c o m . l b / b o o k s ?
id=UXy_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA259&lpg=PA259&dq=SECURING+AND+ATTAINING
+
+MANAGEMENT&source=bl&ots=HlkqSPu27F&sig=9MJgXwMEN_5EXhq1aPxq1q4RtR4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwATgKahUKEwj0kfWYvZHHAhUnKNsKHV1SAXw#v=onepage&q=SECURING%20AND%20ATTAINING%20SUSTAINABLE%20WATER%20MANAGEMENT&f=false
-
17
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/transboundary_waters.shtml
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resources/povertyreduction/en/
Rotaract Global Model United Nations; Belgrade 26 30 August, 2015
[13]
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/milestones.shtml
http://www.un.org/spanish/waterforlifedecade/pdf/human_right_to_water_and_sanitation_media_brief_spa.pdf
http://www.refworld.org/docid/4538838d11.html
http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=24397#.Vcku3XGqqko
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml
http://ustmun.weebly.com/economic-and-social-council-ecosoc.html
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity.shtml
http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/article141.html
http://www.climatedata.info/Impacts/Impacts/waterstress.html
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-crisis/
http://www.adb.org/sectors/water/main
http://www.freshwateraction.net/content/about-us-0
http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/
http://www.who.int/globalchange/ecosystems/water/en/
http://www.conservation.org/what/Pages/fresh-water.aspx
http://www.unep.org/Themes/Freshwater/About/index.asp
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resources/povertyreduction/en/