60-Workshop8 - MLI and Honeycomb Panel PDF

SINDA/G for Patran
MLI and Honeycomb Panel
Workshop 8
Level: Intermediate
Software Requirement: SINDA/G for Patran
Objectives:
MLI Simulation
Honeycomb Panel Simulation
Contact and Gap Radiation
Contact Visualizer
MLI in orbit
Network Analysis, Inc.

4151 W. Lindbergh Way, Chandler, AZ 85226
Phone 480-756-0512 Fax 480-820-1991
support@sinda.com www.sinda.com
SINDA/G for Patran Workshop 8

September 2006
Copyright 2006 by Network Analysis Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and publisher.
MLI and Honeycomb Panel

1. Brief Introduction of MLI
Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI) is an insulation made of successive layers of separated low
emissivity surfaces that is effective in high vacuum environments. Heat transfer through multilayer
insulation is a combination of radiation, solid conduction and under atmospheric conditions,
gaseous conduction. Because these heat-transfer mechanisms operate simultaneously and
interact with each other, the thermal conductivity of an insulation is not strictly defined in terms of
variables such as temperature, density, or physical properties of the component materials. It is
therefore useful to refer to either an effective conductivity, K eff , or an effective emissivity, *
(referred to as E-Star for the MLI blanket). Both of these values can be derived or adjusted
experimentally from the data of thermal vacuum tests, or real missions in orbit. These definitions
are from Spacecraft Thermal Control Handbook edited by David G. Gilmore , AIAA.
2. MLI Simulation methods

(1) E-star (*) and Effective emissivity ( eff )
This method uses the e-star (*) or effective emissivity ( eff ) directly on the spacecraft wall.
The * is defined as effective emissivity from spacecraft wall to MLI outer surface. It is actually an
experimental parameter which already includes both radiation and conduction factors. The *
does not include the effect of the thermal property of MLI outer surface. That is to say, the effect
of the thermal property of MLI outer surface is actually ignored. This can be a simple way to
simulate the heat loss through MLI for an instrument or a part, whose temperature does not
mainly depend on the local MLI blanket. Of course, eff can be used here instead of *.
The eff is defined as effective emissivity from the spacecraft wall, all the way through MLI, and
to the space environment. That is to say, the effect of the thermal property of MLI outer surface is
already taken into account. For the whole spacecraft thermal model, or a system level model, the
eff should be used instead of *, because the thermal property of MLI outer surface has a
significant effect on the overall thermal balance and temperature level. In these cases, * should
not be used any longer.
The emissivity of coating on MLI outer surface out depends on the coating on this exposed
surface, which provides a desired / ratio.
4
The following pictures illustrate the definitions of eff , * and out .
spacecraft wall
out
outer space or
environment
eff
MLI outer surface
The following formula shows the relationship among eff , * and out .
eff
1
1
+
* out
where eff -- effective emissivity from spacecraft wall, all the way through MLI, and to outer
space or environment.
* -- effective emissivity from spacecraft wall to MLI outer surface
out -- emissivity of coating on MLI outer surface
If the emissivity of outer environment is not 1 (the outer space or thermal vacuum chamber) , the
last term 1/ out should be modified as
out
ow
where ow -- The emissivity of the outer environment

(2) E-Star MLI
This method will define an E-star MLI material in SINDA/G for Patran. The radiation load can
reference the E-star MLI material under the Input Material option. The effective emissivity eff
will be automatically calculated. The E-Star method does not require a real MLI surface in the
model. In most cases, users pay more attention to the wall temperature under the MLI, rather
than the MLI itself.
The variable definitions in E-star MLI material:

External IR Emissivity:
the emissivity of coating on MLI outer surface
External UV Emissivity:
the absorptivity of coating on MLI outer surface
External IR Specularity: the specularity ratio of coating on MLI outer surface
External UV Specularity: the specularity ratio of coating on MLI outer surface
Overall E-Star:
the effective emissivity from spacecraft wall to MLI outer surface
When external radiation codes are used to calculate the view factors, SINDA/G translator will
automatically generate arithmetic MLI nodes in the SINDA/G input file to represent MLI outer
surface. You can find these synthetic arithmetic nodes in the .sin file. This happens only when the
enclosures or primitive loads are used. The reason we add MLI nodes is that we may need to add
orbital flux to these MLI nodes. Please note: these MLI nodes will be generated automatically as
long as external radiation codes are involved, no matter if the orbital flux is needed or not. For
ambient space or gap radiation loads, no external radiation codes are involved, therefore the
translator will not generate MLI nodes. For enclosures and primitives loads, external radiation
codes are involved and the translator will generate Arithmetic MLI nodes in SINDA/G input file.
(3) Contact or Gap Radiation
You can also create a real surface in the model to represent the MLI outer surface. In this case,
the MLI nodes are also a part of the FEM model. The temperature result can be post-processed
and shown as temperature contours. If you want to distinguish the temperature contours of MLI
nodes and the spacecraft wall, the Patran group can store these MLI surfaces or spacecraft wall,
so that you can display or hide the temperature contours for either the spacecraft wall or MLI
blankets.
Contact loads can be used to simulate the effective conductivity (K eff ) of MLI. The following
parameters can be used as references. For lower temperature cases, K eff varies from 3.0E-4 to
7.0E-4 W/m.C. For higher temperature cases, K eff varies from 4.0E-3 to 9.0E-3 W/m.C. The
contact coefficient h of the contact load can be calculated by the following formula:
h=
K eff
d
where h -- the contact coefficient between spacecraft wall and MLI outer surface.
K eff -- the effective conductivity of MLI blanket, an experimental parameter.
d
-- the overall average thickness of the MLI blanket.
Gap radiation loads can be used to simulate * of MLI blanket. We need to input two emissivities
for the gap radiation load. We can input * into either of them, input 1 into another data box. *
varies from 0.01 to 0.03, Here in workshop 8, we use 0.02 for the * value.
6
It is the users decision to choose which method to use. In general, the effective conductivity is
more accurate in lower temperature cases, the effective emissivity is more accurate in higher
temperature cases. Again, these parameters are derived from experiments or real missions. The
same concept should be used in thermal design, thermal vacuum tests and orbital remote
measurement.
For the Contact or Gap Radiation loads, the projection method is used to determine the contact
area and links. The projection is always from the slave to the master. The meshes on the master
and slave do not have to match each other. Although the matching meshes will certainly cause
the most accurate result, it is not always convenient to keep the mesh congruent and lined up
across the interface.
There are two main reasons to determine which surface should be the master or slave: projection
efficiency and result accuracy. Usually we will recommend using a similar mesh size on both the
master and slave surfaces. We recommend the following guidelines:
1. Use the smaller surface as the slave for better projection efficiency.
2. Use the surface with the finer mesh as the slave for better result accuracy.
3. If the bigger surface has a much finer mesh, use it as the slave for better accuracy, even
though it may be a little bit slower.
4. Avoid using a very rough mesh for the slave, no matter whether the surface is bigger or
smaller.
3. Brief Introduction of Honeycomb Panel

Honeycomb composites of various types are commonly used on spacecraft as equipment shelves,
solar-array substrates, etc. Because of its construction, a honeycomb has directionally dependent
conductivities. Some equations were developed to calculate the effective conductivity through
honeycomb core material. These equations can be found in Spacecraft Thermal Control
Handbook edited by David G. Gilmore, AIAA. In many engineering projects, the experimental
effective conductivity is used to simulate the heat transfer of honeycomb panel.
Sometimes heat pipes, frames or small mechanical parts are buried into honeycomb panels. This
will greatly increase the thermal conduction of honeycomb panel as a whole. In these cases, you
probably need to calculate all the conductors individually and then combine them together.
4. Honeycomb Panel simulation methods

(1) Simple Plate
If the material of honeycomb core and face sheets is aluminum, and the gradient across the
thickness can be ignored based on the accuracy requirements, the honeycomb panel can be
simulated just by a simple plate. The effective thickness of the plate is the sum of the two
aluminum face sheets of the honeycomb panel. The material applied to this plate is just aluminum
which is isotropic. The honeycomb core can be ignored.
(2) 3D Orthotropic Material
If the gradient across the thickness can not be ignored, or for some reason, the thickness is
necessary in the model, the honeycomb panel can be simulated by a 3D solid panel with a 3D
orthotropic material. Using experimental data from real engineering projects or thermal vacuum
tests is recommended. According to some experimental data, the vertical conductivity Kz varies
from 0.85 to 1.78 W/m.C, The horizontal conductivity Kx varies from 3.6 to 7.3 W/m.C, Ky
varies from 2.7 to 6.2 W/m.C, Kx is usually 1.3 ~ 1.5 times bigger than Ky. Here, the x direction
is along the ribbon direction.
If you do not have these experimental data, the following method can be used. The horizontal
conductivity can be calculated by distributing the aluminum face sheet conduction over the overall
thickness of the honeycomb panel. The conduction contribution of the honeycomb core is ignored
(Note: Usually it is small compared to the conduction of aluminum face sheets). If you want to
calculate the effective conductivity of the honeycomb core, please refer to Appendix B of
Spacecraft Thermal Control Handbook edited by David G. Gilmore , AIAA. The vertical
conductivity can be 1.55 W/m.C if there is no available experimental data, or it can be calculated
by the formulas in the above handbook.
(3) Contact
You can also create two parallel aluminum plates to simulate the two face sheets. The plate
thickness is just the thickness of the face sheet. The material applied to these two plates is just
aluminum which is isotropic. A contact load which links the two plates is used to simulate the
vertical conductance across the thickness. The contact coefficient h of the contact load can be
calculated by the following formula:
h=
KZ
d
where h -- the contact coefficient between the two face sheets of the honeycomb panel.
K Z -- the effective conductivity of the honeycomb panel in vertical direction.
d -- the overall thickness of the honeycomb panel.
One advantage of this method is that the meshes on the two plates can be different they do not
have to match each other. This is very convenient when you want to add an electronic box or
other parts on the honeycomb panel.
Problem 1
Effective Emissivity and E-Star MLI
Model Description:
We will use a simple model to show how SINDA/G simulates MLI. Problem 1 is a 1m x 1m x
0.001m square plate as a spacecraft wall. The outer side of the plate is covered with MLI, and
radiates to outer space. MLI outer surface has a coating with / = 0.38/0.85. The inner side of
the plate radiates to the spacecraft enclosure where the average temperature is supposed to be
30C. The inner side has a black coating with / = 0.85/0.85.
The problem will cover four methods which will respectively use *, eff , E-star MLI, and E-star
MLI with external radiation codes. The arithmetic MLI nodes will be generated if external radiation
codes (such as Thermica, NEVADA, etc.) are used.
black coating
/ = 0.85/0.85
spacecraft enclosure
average temperature
Tamb = 30C
spacecraft wall
aluminum plate
1m x 1m x 0.001m
K = 167 W/m.C
Cp = 880 J/Kg.C
= 2700 Kg/m
MLI outer surface

/ = 0.38/0.85
outer space temperature

Tspace = -273.15C
* = 0.02
eff = 0.01954023
Suggested Exercise Steps:
Create a new database and name it mli_plate1.db
Create a 1 x 1 rectangular surface
Mesh the surface with one Quad element
Specify an Isotropic Material and an E-Star MLI material
Define a 2D Shell Property
Apply an Ambient Space load on the spacecraft wall
Apply an Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface
Perform the Analysis
Import the .nrf result file back into Patran
Display the Result
Examine Input and Result files
Modify the Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface
Analysis, Access Result and Display
Modify the Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface
Delete the Ambient Space load on the MLI outer surface
Apply an Enclosures load on the MLI outer surface
Access Result , Display and Examine files
10
Exercise Procedure:
1. Create a new database and name it mli_plate1.db
File/New
File name:
mli_plate1.db
OK
Tolerance:
Based on Model
Analysis Code:
SINDA/G
Analysis Type:
Thermal
OK
2. Create a 1 x 1 rectangular surface

Geometry
Action:
Create
Object:
Surface
Method:
XYZ
Vector Coordinates List:
<1 1 0>
Origin Coordinates List:
[0 0 0]
Apply
Click on the Iso 2 View icon to obtain a 3D view of the rectangular surface.
Iso 2 View
Click on the Fit View icon and Smooth Shaded icon
Fit View
Smooth Shade
Your model should look like the following figure:
11
3. Mesh the surface with one Quad element

Element
Action:
Create
Object:
Mesh
Type:
Surface
Elem Shape:
Quad
Mesher:
IsoMesh
Topology:
Quad4
Surface List:
Surface 1
Global Edge Length:
Apply
4. Specify an Isotropic Material and an E-Star MLI material

Materials
12
Action:
Create
Object:
Isotropic
Method:
Manual Input
Material Name:
alum6061
Input Properties...
Thermal Conductivity =
167
Specific Heat =
880
Density =
2700
OK
Apply
Object:
MLI
Material Name:
e-star
Input Properties...
External IR Emissivity =
0.85
External UV Emissivity =
0.38
Overall E-Star =
0.02
OK
Apply
5. Define a 2D Shell Property

Properties
Action:
Create
Object:
2D
Type:
Shell
Property Set Name:
plate
13
Input Properties...
Material Name:
m:alum6061
Thickness:
0.001
OK
Verify the Surface or Face icon is checked.
Surface or Face
Select Members:
Surface 1
Add
Apply
6. Apply an Ambient Space load on the spacecraft wall

Load/BCs
Action:
Create
Object:
Radiation(SINDA/G)
Type:
Element Uniform
Option:
Ambient Space
New Set Name:
inner_rad
Target Element Type:
2D
Input Data...
Surface Option:
Bottom
Bottom Surf Emissivity:
0.85
View Factor:
Ambient Temperature Switch:

Ambient Temperature:
OK
Temperature
30
14
Select Application Region...
Geometry Filter:
Geometry

Surface or Face
Select Surfaces or Edges:
Surface 1
Add
OK
Apply
7. Apply an Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface

Load/BCs
Action:
Create
Object:
Radiation(SINDA/G)
Type:
Element Uniform
Option:
Ambient Space
New Set Name:
outer_rad
2D
Input Data...
Surface Option:
Top
Top Surf Emissivity:
0.02
View Factor:

OK
Temperature
-273.15
15

Surface 1
Add
OK
Apply
8. Perform the Analysis

Analysis
Action:
Analyze
Object:
Entire Model
Method:
Translate and Run
Job Name:
mli_plate1
Apply
16
9. Import the .nrf result file back into Patran

Analysis
Action:
Access Result
Verify the Job Name is mli_plate1

Job Name:
Apply
mli_plate1
.
10. Display the Result

Result
Action:
Create
Object:
Quick Plot
Select Result Cases:

Select Fringe Result:
Apply
mli_plate1, steady state

Temperature, Nodal
17
11. Examine Input and Result files

Analysis
Job Name:
mli_plate1
Edit/Manage Files...
SINDA/G Input File(.sin)
You can examine the input file and see how the SINDA/G for Patran translator creates the
synthetic environment boundary nodes and the radiation conductors to these synthetic nodes.
The radiation conductor is x Fij x A (Emissivity x Radiation Exchange Factor x Surface Area).
Node 5 is the synthetic node for the environment inside spacecraft. 0.85 x 1 x 0.5 = 0.2125
which meets the value in the conductor data block in the .sin file. Node 6 is the synthetic node for
the environment of outer space. 0.02 x 1 x 0.5 = 0.5E-02 which meets the value in the conductor
data block in the .sin file.
Close the mli_plate1.sin file after examination.
SINDA/G Input File(.sot)
Now we can examine the output file. At the bottom line of the file, the plate node temperature is
28.2425 C.
Close the mli_plate1.sot file after examination.
12. Modify the Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface

Load/BCs
Action:
Create
Object:
Radiation(SINDA/G)
Option:
Ambient Space
Existing Sets:
outer_rad
The Input Data form of outer_rad load pops up. Change the Top Surf Emissivity
Top Surf Material:
OK
0.01954023
18
The Application Region should remain the same, therefore we will not change it.
Apply
Click Yes in the pop up message window to overwrite the existing outer_rad load.
13. Analysis, Access Result and Display

Follow steps 8-10, the result should look like the following figure:

Analysis
Job Name:
mli_plate1
Some conductors changed a little. 0.01954023 x 1 x 0.5 = 0.48850575E-02 which meets the
value in the conductor data block in the .sin file.
19

Now the plate node temperature is 28.2824 C. The temperature is a little bit higher than the forst
result when the E-star = 0.02 is used, because the emissivity of MLI outer surface is considered.
15. Modify the Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface

Load/BCs
Action:
Create
Object:
Radiation(SINDA/G)
Option:
Ambient Space
Existing Sets:
outer_rad
The Input Data form of outer_rad load pops up. Change the form type.
Surface Option:
Top
Form Type:
Input Material
Click the e-star material in the Coating or MLI Material List window.
Top Surf Material:
m:e-star
View Factor:

Temperature
-273.15
OK
The Application Region should remain the same, therefore we will not change it.
Apply
Click Yes in the pop up message window to overwrite the existing outer_rad load.

20

Analysis
Job Name:
mli_plate1
You will find the .sin file is the same as before. The SINDA/G Translator automatically calculates
the eff .
The plate node temperature is also the same as before.
18. Delete the Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface

Load/BCs
21
Action:
Delete
Object:
Radiation(SINDA/G)
Option:
Ambient Space
Existing Sets:
outer_rad
Apply
19. Apply an Enclosures load on MLI outer surface

Load/BCs
Action:
Create
Object:
Radiation(SINDA/G)
Type:
Element Uniform
Option:
Enclosures
New Set Name:
outer_rad_sf
2D
Input Data...
Surface Option:
Top
Form Type:
Input Material
Clicking the e-star material in the Coating or MLI Material List window.
Top Surf Material:
m:e-star
Enclosure ID:
1
Small Facets Method
OK
Surface or Face
22
Surface 1
Add
OK
Apply

Analysis
Action:
Analyze
Object:
Entire Model
Method:
Translate and Run
Job Name:
mli_plate1
Thermal Solution Setup...

Radiation Solver Setup
SIGMA:
5.6696E-008
TMPZRO:
273.15
REF Distribution Method:
FULL
Verify that Select Radiation Solver is checked.
Select Radiation Solver

Select THERMICA as the radiation solver. Following are the default settings.
THERMICA
THERMICA Orbital Environment:
Solar Flux Constant:
1380.0
Planet Albedo:
0.3
Planet Blackbody Temp :
-19.0
THERMICA Ray Tracing Setup:

Thermica VF Rays:
5000
23
Thermica Flux Rays:
5000
Confidence Level(%):
99.000
OK
The THERMICA button is marked default to show that it is the current default radiation solver.
OK
SINDA/G Option:
Single Precision (Fortran)
OK
Apply
Unless it is your first time running THERMICA, a caution window will pop up to ask if you want to
overwrite the existing THERMICA configuration file, click OK to overwrite. The THERMICA
window will pop up.
Import Data
There are three methods to import a model into THERMICA: Graphic editor, Modeler or Ascii.
Modeler and Ascii are most commonly used. Here we use the Modeler method.
Modeler
24
mli_plate1
OK
Session/exit
In the pop up 3D Display Software
window, click Yes to exit.
Yes
OK
Thermal
Radiation
R.E.F Comput.
On
Execute
THERMICA is now calculating the Radiative Exchange Factor (R.E.F.). After the calculation, click
the QUIT button to close THERMICA.
QUIT
A message window pops up to ask if you want save session result file. Always select No as the
answer. The THERMICA window will close.
No
After THERMICA closes, SINDA/G will continue running to calculate the thermal result.
21. Access Result , Display and Examine files

Follow steps 9-11, the result is exactly the same with before. In the input file, there are 4
arithmetic nodes for MLI outer surface. These nodes are automatically generated by SINDA/G
translator. These MLI nodes have radiation conductors with the outer space environment node
(node 10) and plate nodes.
In the NODE DATA block
C Arithmetic nodes due to MLI application and solved radiation
5, 0.000000 , -1.000000
6, 0.000000 , -1.000000
7, 0.000000 , -1.000000
8, 0.000000 , -1.000000
25
In the CONDUCTOR DATA block

C Conductors due to MLI node to surface links
-11, 1, 5, 0.5000000E-02
-12, 2, 6, 0.5000000E-02
-13, 3, 7, 0.5000000E-02
-14, 4, 8, 0.5000000E-02
C Conductors due to solved radiation loads
-15, 5, 10, 0.2125000
-16, 6, 10, 0.2125000
-17, 7, 10, 0.2125000
-18, 8, 10, 0.2125000
In the output file. At the bottom line of the file, the plate node temperature is still 28.2425 C. the
MLI node temperature is -155.7772 C.
**** OUTPUT TEMPERATURES IN DEGREES ****
T
1 = 28.2824 T
2 = 28.2824 T
3 = 28.2824 T
T 6 = -155.7772 T 7 = -155.7772 T 8 = -155.7772 T
To complete this exercise, close the database and quit Patran.
File/Quit...
4 = 28.2824 T
9 = 30.0000 T
5 = -155.7772
10 = -273.1500
26
Problem 2
Contact and Gap Radiation
Model Description:
This model is similar to problem 1, except the spacecraft wall is a honeycomb panel instead of a
sample plate. The average thickness of MLI is 30mm. The rest of the MLI parameters are the
same as problem 1. Contact and Gap Radiation loads are used respectively to simulate the MLI.
The honeycomb panel is made of aluminum. The thickness of the face sheet is 0.3mm. The
overall thickness of the honeycomb panel is 30mm.
In this problem, the * of the MLI is 0.02. The effective conductivity of MLI is 8.0E-4 W/m.C,
therefore the contact coefficient of the MLI is 8.0E-4/0.03 = 0.02667 W/m.C The vertical
effective conductivity of the honeycomb panel is 1.55 W/m.C, therefore the contact coefficient of
the honeycomb panel is 1.55/0.03 = 51.6667 W/m.C.
black coating
/ = 0.85/0.85
* = 0.02
outer space temperature

Tspace = -273.15C
spacecraft enclosure
average temperature
Tamb = 30C
spacecraft wall
Honeycomb panel
1m x 1m x 0.03m
effective conductivity
Kz = 1.55 W/m.C face sheet thickness
= 0.3 mm
MLI outer surface

/ = 0.38/0.85
Average thickness
d = 0.03m
Create a new database and name it mli_honeycomb.db
Create three 1 x 1 rectangular surfaces
Mesh the three surfaces
Specify an Isotropic Material
Define 2D Shell Properties
Apply two Ambient Space loads
Apply a Gap Radiation to simulate MLI
Apply a Contact to simulate the honeycomb panel
Import the .nrf result file back into Patran
Display the Result
Examine the nodal temperature result
Dsiaply the contact visualizer
Delete the gap radiation load
Apply a Contact to simulate the MLI
27
28
Exercise Procedure:
1. Create a new database and name it mli_honeycomb.db
File/New
File name:
mli_honeycomb.db
OK
Tolerance:
Based on Model
Analysis Code:
SINDA/G
Analysis Type:
Thermal
OK
2. Create three 1 x 1 rectangular surfaces

Geometry
Action:
Create
Object:
Surface
Method:
XYZ
<1 1 0>
[0 0 0]
Apply
Iso 2 View
Click on the Fit View icon and Smooth Shaded icon
Fit View
Smooth Shaded
29
We deliberately enlarge the distance 10 times between the three surfaces for a better view. The
enlarged distance will not affect the thermal result of this model, because contact and gap
radiation do not actually use the distance in the calculations.
[0 0 0.3]
Apply
[0 0 0.6]
Apply
3. Mesh the surface with one Quad element

Element
Action:
Create
Object:
Mesh
Type:
Surface
Elem Shape:
Quad
Mesher:
IsoMesh
30
Topology:
Quad4
Click in the Surface List data box, pick surface 3 in the far right, hold the shift key and pick
surface 2 at the middle.
Surface List:
Surface 3 2
Global Edge Length:
0.2
Apply
Contact and Gap Radiation do not require the two meshes match each other. Lets mesh the
surface 1 with Tria elements and Global Edge Length = 0.1. You can mesh the three surfaces
together with quad elements if you wish. We meshed surface 1 with Tria elements on purpose to
show SINDA/G for Patrans ability to automatically hook the mis-matched meshes.)
Elem Shape:
Tria
Surface List:
Surface 1
Global Edge Length:
0.1
Apply
31
4. Specify an Isotropic Material

Materials
Action:
Create
Object:
Isotropic
Method:
Manual Input
Material Name:
alum6061
Input Properties...
Thermal Conductivity =
167
Specific Heat =
880
Density =
2700
OK
Apply
5. Define 2D Shell Properties

Properties
Action:
Create
Object:
2D
Type:
Shell
Property Set Name:
plate_mli
Input Properties...
Material Name:
m:alum6061
SINDA/G for Patran allows the 2D shell Property thickness to be 0 for the film-like plate. Please
Note: empty and 0 are different in Patran.
Thickness:
OK
32
Surface or Face
Select Members:
Surface 3
Add
Apply
Property Set Name:
plate_sheet
Input Properties...
Material Name:
m:alum6061
Thickness:
0.0003
OK
Select Members:
Surface 1 2
Add
Apply
6. Apply two Ambient Space loads

Load/BCs
Action:
Create
Object:
Radiation(SINDA/G)
Type:
Element Uniform
Option:
Ambient Space
New Set Name:
inner_rad
2D
Input Data...
Surface Option:
Bottom
Bottom Surf Emissivity:
0.85

View Factor:
33
1
Temperature
30
OK
Geometry Filter:
Geometry

Surface or Face
Surface 1
Add
OK
Apply
New Set Name:
outer_rad
2D
Input Data...
Surface Option:
Top
0.85
View Factor:

Temperature
-273.15
OK
Add
Surface 3
34
OK
Apply
7. Apply a Gap Radiation to simulate MLI

Load/BCs
Action:
Create
Object:
Radiation(SINDA/G)
Type:
Element Uniform
Option:
Gap Radiation
New Set Name:
gap_rad
2D
Region 2:
2D
Input Data...
Surface Option:
Top
0.02
Since * = 0.02 already includes the all the radiation effects inside the MLI, the Emissivity 2 is set
to 1 to keep the overall * = 0.02.
Emissivity 2:
OK
Geometry Filter:
Geometry
Check the upper Active List to activate the Application Region input.
Application region/Active List:
Check the Surface or Face icon on the pop up icon bar.
Surface or Face
Active List

35
Surface 2
Add
Check on the lower Active List to activate the Companion Region input.
Companion region/Active List:
Active List
Surface 3
Add
OK
Apply
8. Apply a Contact to simulate the honeycomb panel

Load/BCs
Action:
Object:
Create
Convection(SINDA/G)
Type:
Element Uniform
Option:
Contact
New Set Name:
contact_h
2D
Region 2:
2D
Input Data...
Surface Option:
Bottom
Bottom Surf Contact Coef:
51.6667
OK
Geometry Filter:
Geometry
36
Check on the upper Active List to activate the Application Region input.
Active List
Check the Surface or Face icon on the pop up icon bar.

Surface or Face
Surface 2
Add
Add
OK
Apply
Active List
Surface 1
37

Analysis
Action:
Analyze
Object:
Entire Model
Method:
Translate and Run
Job Name:
mli_honeycomb

Steady State Setup(SNSOR)
Choose Solution Routine:
SNSOR
OK
SINDA/G Option:
OK
Apply
10. Import the .nrf result file back into Patran

Analysis
Action:
Access Result
Verify the Job Name is mli_honeycomb

Job Name:
Apply
mli_honeycomb
.
11. Display the Result

Result
Action:
Create
Object:
Quick Plot
Select Result Cases:
mli_honeycomb, steady state
38
Select Fringe Result:
Temperature, Nodal
Set the render style to Wireframe so that the geometry and contour will not interfere.
Wireframe
Apply
Click on the Fringe Attributes icon,
Fringe Attributes
Change the display option from Free Edges to Element Edges.
Display:
Apply
12. Examine the nodal temperature result

Results
Element Edges
39
Action:
Create
Object:
Cursor
Method:
Scalar
Select Result Case(s):
mli_honeycomb, steady state
Select Cursor Result:
Temperature, Nodal
For the Target Entity option, you can either select Nodes or Elements. When you select
Elements, the element average temperature will show up. Here we select Nodes.
Target Entity:
Nodes
Apply
The Cursor Data window pops up. Use the cursor to pick
any node on the screen, the temperature result of that node
is displayed on the screen and also in the Cursor Data form.
Check the temperature results and compare with the results
of problem 1. Clicking Reset will clear the nodal temperature
display. Click Cancel to quit the Cursor Data form.
Reset
Cancel
13. Display the contact visualizer

Click the SINDA/G icon on the top main menu.
SINDA/G / Contact Visualizer
The Contact Visualizer form is used to display the visualizers (links) of contact loads which
include Contact, Coupled Advection and Gap Radiation. In the upper part of the form, there are
three surface link options: Inter Surface Only shows the contact visualizers between surfaces,
Intra Surface Only shows the contact visualizers inside a surface (or two surfaces). The contact
conductors inside a surface are all negative contactors. Inter/Intra Surface shows both kinds of
contact visualizers.
The Contact loads list window shows all the contact loads, and the Contact Visualizers list
shows the currently displayed contact visualizers in the model. The Add/Refresh Selected
button is used to create/refresh the visualizers for the selected loads in the Contact Laod list
40
window. The Add/Refresh All button is
used to add links for all loads together if
there are no visualizers in the Contact
Visualizers list window, or to refresh
(update) the current contact visualizers in
the model. The Remove Visualizers button
is used to delete the selected contact
visualizers in the Contact Visualizers list
window.
Inter Surface Only
Add/Refresh All _
Rotate the model to view the contact
visualizers. Try different operations to
add/remove/refresh the two contact
visualizers,
Select all the contact visualizers in the Contact Visualizers list window, click the Remove
Visualizers button.
Contact Visualizer list:
gap_rad__visualizer
41
contact_h__visualizer
Remove Visualizers_
Close
14. Delete the gap radiation load

Load/BCs
Action:
Delete
Object:
Radiation(SINDA/G)
Option:
Gap Radiation
Existing Sets:
gap_rad
Apply
15. Apply a Contact to simulate the MLI

Load/BCs
Action:
Object:
Create
Convection(SINDA/G)
Type:
Element Uniform
Option:
Contact
New Set Name:
contact_m
2D
Region 2:
2D
Input Data...
Surface Option:
Top
Top Surf Contact Coef:
0.02667
OK
42
Check on the upper Active List to activate the Application Region input
Active List
Surface 2
Add
Active List
Surface 3
Add
OK
Apply

43
You can follow steps 12 and 13 to examine the node or element temperature results, and display
the contact visualizers. You may notice a small difference in the temperature results depending
on whether you use E* or Effective Conductivity. This difference occurs because the sample
problem uses different experimental data.

File/Quit...
44
Problem 3
MLI in an Orbit with Eclipse
Model Description:
We will use a model similar to the model in problem 1. The MLI will radiate and absorb orbital
heat flux and the other side of the plate is thermally insulated. No active heat is imposed on the
plate. The orbit is a round orbit with eclipse. The attitude is 3 axis stable, and Earth-oriented.
Surface Dimension = 1.0 m x 1.0 m x 0.001 m
Ambient Temperature = -273.15 K
The material is Aluminum 6061 T6
Thermal Conductivity = 167 W/m.K
Specific Heat = 880 W/Kg
Density = 2700 Kg/m
MLI IR Emissivity = 0.85
MLI UV Absorptivity = 0.38
MLI E-star emissivity = 0.02
/ = 0.38/0.85
* = 0.02
Attitude: Earth oriented
Insulation
Orbital Period: 1.52 hr

Orbital Radius: 6705km
Orbit Inclination to Equator: 42.8
Sun Day Angle: 204.3
Sun declination angle: -9.422
Argument of Ascending Node: 338.9
Create a new database and name it mli_orbit.db
Create a 1 x 1 rectangular surface
Mesh the surface, Create Materials and Property
Apply a Radiation/Enclosure load
Access Result and Display
Plot temperature curves in Thermal Studio
Close Thermal Studio and quit Patran database
45
46
Exercise Procedure:
1. Create a new database and name it mli_orbit.db
File/New
File name:
mli_orbit
OK
Tolerance:
Based on Model
Analysis Code:
SINDA/G
Analysis Type:
Thermal
OK
2. Create a 1 x 1 rectangular surface

Geometry
Action:
Create
Object:
Surface
Method:
XYZ
<0 1 1>
[0 0 0]
Apply
Iso 3 View
Click on the Fit View icon and Smooth Shaded icon.
Fit View
Smooth Shaded
47
The surface orientation is deliberately designed to fit NEVADAs orbital coordinate system. When
yaw, pitch, and roll are all input as 0.000 in NEVADAs orbital maneuvers form, the model
coordinate system is equal to NEVADAs orbital coordinate system. This is a convenient way to
put a model into the orbital coordinate system. The following is the orbital coordinate system in
NEVADA for the sun-oriented model.
48
3. Mesh the surface, Create Materials and Property

Repeat steps 3 to 5 of Problem 1. Mesh the surface to be one quad element. Create the same
Material and Property as in Problem 1.
4. Apply a Radiation/Enclosure load

Load/BCs
Action:
Create
Object:
Radiation(SINDA/G)
Type:
Element Uniform
Option:
Enclosures
New Set Name:
orbit_rad
2D
Input Data...
Surface Option:
Bottom
Form Type:
Input Material
Bottom Surf Material:
m:e-star
Enclosure ID:
Radiation method switch:
Small Facets Method
OK
Geometry Filter:
Geometry
Verify the Surface or Face is checked.

Surface or Face
Add
Surface 1
49
OK
Apply

Analysis
Action:
Analyze
Object:
Entire Model
Method:
Translate and Run
Job Name:
mli_orbit

Transient State Setup
Choose Solution Routine:
SNDUFR
50
TIMEND:
5472
OUTPUT:
42.75
The OUTPUT is small enough to be the time step, no CSGFAC or DTIMEI is needed.
SIGMA:
5.6696E-008
TMPZRO:
273.15
OK
Radiation Solver Setup
TIMESCALE:
REF Distribution Method:
3600
FULL
Verify that Select Radiation Solver is checked.

Select Radiation Solver
Select NEVADA or THERMICA as the radiation solver. Please refer to Workshop 3 /Problem 4
and 5 to set up the radiation parameters.
Set up the output options for standard temperature outputs and thermal studio routines.
Output Routine Setup...
Verify if the two standard temperature outputs are checked on.
Standard Temperature Output:
TPNTSN-sort by node
PATOUT-NRF file for PATRAN
Thermal Studio Routines

Thermal Studio Routines:
TSOUT_output all files
OK
OK
Apply
SINDA/G Option:
OK
Apply
51
The NEVADA or THEMICA window will pop up depending on which radiation solver is selected.
Follow the similar steps of Workshop 3 /Problem 4 and 5 to set up the orbital parameters and
run radiation codes. The following result is based on Thermica radiation solver.
SINDA/G will continue to calculate temperature results.
6. Access Result and Display

Repeat step 9 and 10 of problem 1. There are many transient result cases available. The
following picture shows the temperature result at the last orbital position.
7. Plot temperature curves in Thermal Studio

Analysis
Action:
Thermal Studio
Verify the Job Name is mli_orbit.

Job Name:
mli_orbit
Apply
If you repeatedly call Thermal Studio to post-process new results using the same job name, a pop
up window will ask if you want to overwrite the existing project file. Click Yes to overwrite. The
Thermal Studio GUI will open as follows:
52
On the left side of the thermal studio window, double click the Input icon, you will see the
mli_orbit.sin file.
The following is a part of the mli_orbit.sin file.
BCD 3NODE DATA
1,
0.000000
,
594.0000
2,
0.000000
,
594.0000
3,
0.000000
,
594.0000
4,
0.000000
,
594.0000
C Arithmetic nodes due to MLI application and solved radiation
5,
0.000000
, -1.000000
6,
0.000000
, -1.000000
7,
0.000000
, -1.000000
8,
0.000000
, -1.000000
C Boundary nodes created by the translator
-9, -273.1500
,
0.000000
END
BCD 3SOURCE DATA
C Heat sources from orbital environment
PER 5,A1,A2, 0.2500000
,0.00, 5472.70
PER 6,A1,A2, 0.2500000
,0.00, 5472.70
PER 7,A1,A2, 0.2500000
,0.00, 5472.70
PER 8,A1,A2, 0.2500000
,0.00, 5472.70
END
53
BCD 3CONDUCTOR DATA

C Conductors due to element conduction
1, 1, 2, 0.2783333E-01
2, 1, 3, 0.2783333E-01
3, 1, 4, 0.5566667E-01
4, 2, 3, 0.5566667E-01
5, 2, 4, 0.2783333E-01
6, 3, 4, 0.2783333E-01
C Conductors due to MLI node to surface links
-7, 1, 5, 0.5000000E-02
-8, 2, 6, 0.5000000E-02
-9, 3, 7, 0.5000000E-02
-10, 4, 8, 0.5000000E-02
C Conductors due to solved radiation loads
-11, 5, 9, 0.2125000
-12, 6, 9, 0.2125000
-13, 7, 9, 0.2125000
-14, 8, 9, 0.2125000
END
Right click the Result.0 icon. In the pop up window, click New Plot and input plot1 as the new
plot name.
Name:
plot1
OK
The Plot window will pop up. Double click T1 as a plate node, and T5 as a MLI node.
54
The selected result will show up in the Plot Data list box. You can always change the curve color
by clicking the color bar. Then you can click OK to plot the temperature curve in Thermal Studio.
OK
The red curve shows the temperature of the plate node. The temperature is pretty stable because
the plate node has a relatively big thermal mass, also because the heat flux to the plate node is
more stable because of MLI protection. Its temperature will go down very slowly until it reaches
the dynamic thermal balance.The green curve shows the temperature of the MLI node. The MLI
outer surface has almost no thermal mass, therefore the MLI temperature almost totally depends
on the orbital heat flux. In the shadow positions, the MLI surface only receives the earth IR
emission, and the temperature is pretty low. Just before entering the shadow or just after leaving
the shadow (called eclipse points), the MLI surface is exposed to Sun light, therefore the curve
goes up at 2 eclipse points. If you calculate more orbital positions, the two highest points should
have almost the same value. Remember we only output the temperature results per 42.75
seconds. It is almost impossible to output temperatures exactly at the two eclipse points. Then
after brief exposure to sunlight, the MLI surface can only receive the Earth Albedo and Earth IR
emission, because only the side of the plate that is thermally insulated is exposed to the sun. The
curved part of the green curve shows the MLI temperature fluctuates as the Earth Albedo
changes. The Earth IR emission is supposed to be constant.
8. Close Thermal Studio and quit Patran database

Close the Thermal Studio window by clicking the X button at upper right corner or click the
File/Exit.
55
File/Exit..
File/Quit...
***************************************************************************************************
Congratulations! You have successfully completed Workshop 8 of SINDA/G for Patran. If you
have any comments or questions please do not hesitate to contact us.
Network Analysis, Inc.

4151 W. Lindbergh Way, Chandler, AZ 85226
Phone 480-756-0512 Fax 480-820-1991
support@sinda.com www.sinda.com

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SINDA/G for Patran

MLI and Honeycomb Panel

Network Analysis, Inc.

SINDA/G for Patran Workshop 8

SINDA/G for Patran Workshop 8

MLI and Honeycomb Panel

2. MLI Simulation methods

MLI outer surface

where ow -- The emissivity of the outer environment

SINDA/G for Patran Workshop 8

The variable definitions in E-star MLI material:

-- the overall average thickness of the MLI blanket.

3. Brief Introduction of Honeycomb Panel

4. Honeycomb Panel simulation methods

SINDA/G for Patran Workshop 8

MLI outer surface

outer space temperature

SINDA/G for Patran Workshop 8

Suggested Exercise Steps:

Create a new database and name it mli_plate1.db

Create a 1 x 1 rectangular surface

Mesh the surface with one Quad element

Specify an Isotropic Material and an E-Star MLI material

Define a 2D Shell Property

Apply an Ambient Space load on the spacecraft wall

Apply an Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface

Perform the Analysis

Import the .nrf result file back into Patran

Display the Result

Examine Input and Result files

Modify the Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface

Analysis, Access Result and Display

Examine Input and Result files

Modify the Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface

Analysis, Access Result and Display

Examine Input and Result files

Delete the Ambient Space load on the MLI outer surface

Apply an Enclosures load on the MLI outer surface

Perform the Analysis

Access Result , Display and Examine files

2. Create a 1 x 1 rectangular surface

Vector Coordinates List:

Origin Coordinates List:

Your model should look like the following figure:

SINDA/G for Patran Workshop 8

3. Mesh the surface with one Quad element

Global Edge Length:

4. Specify an Isotropic Material and an E-Star MLI material

5. Define a 2D Shell Property

Property Set Name:

SINDA/G for Patran Workshop 8

6. Apply an Ambient Space load on the spacecraft wall

New Set Name:

Target Element Type:

Bottom Surf Emissivity:

Ambient Temperature Switch:

Verify the Surface or Face icon is checked.

7. Apply an Ambient Space load on MLI outer surface

New Set Name:

Target Element Type:

Top Surf Emissivity:

Ambient Temperature Switch: