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MaincharacteristicsofAlgae
Algae
Algae are simple, chlorophyll bearing and photosynthetic non vascular plants whose body is a simple

Bryophytes

thalluswithoutdifferentiationintoroots,stemsandleaves.Thereareabout35000speciesofalgae.They

Pteridophytes

include planktons, pond scums, stone worts, sea weeds, sea lettuce etc. Phycology is the branch in

Gymnosperms

botanywhichdealswiththestudyofalgae.

Lichen
Mycorrhizae

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Main
characteristicsof
Algae

Classificationof
AlgaebyFritsch

Permanent
TissuesinPlants

General
Characteristicsof
Gymnosperms

CharacteristicsofAlgae
Body is a relatively simple simple unicellular or multicellular thallus, not differentiated into roots,

TypesofStomata
inPlants

stemsandleaves.
Unicellularthallusmaybenonmotile,rhizopodialorcoccoid.
Multicellularthallusmaybecolonial,palmelloid,dendroid,filametoussiphonousandsoon.
Algae cells exhibit three levels of organization, namely prokaryotic (eg: Myxophyceae),
mesokaryotic(eg:Dinophyceae)andeukaryotic(othergroups).
Cellsarecoveredbyarigidcellulosecellwall.
Cells contain plastids and three classes of pigments, namely chlrophyll(a, b, c,d, and e),

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caroteneoids(alpha,beta,gammaandthethetacarotenes,lycopene,leutin,flvicine,fucoxanthin,
violaxanthin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, myxoxanthin), and phycobilins or biliproteins(phycocyanin,

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phycoerythrin,allophycocyanin).
Thereservefoodincludesmostlystarchandoils(inChlorophyceaestarchinXanthophyceaeand

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Bacillariophyceae chrysolaminarin and oils in Phaeophyceae laminarin, mannitol and oils, in

RhodophyceaeflorideanstarchandgalactaninCyanophyceaecyanophyceansatarch)
Absence of conducting (vascular) and mechanical tissues the entire thallus is formed of only

Name

parenchymacells.
Presence of holdfast, stipe and lamina. Holdfast is for attachment, stipe forms the axis, and
laminaservesastheleaflikephotosyntheticpart.

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Algaeflagellahavetypical9+2patternofarrangementofmicrotubules.
Reproductionoccursbyvegetative,asexualandsexualmethods
Vegetativereproductionisbyfragmentation,hormogonia,akinetesetc.
Asexual reproduction is by motile zoospores, or by non motile apalnospores, autospores,
hypnospores,exospores,endospores,carpsosporesetc.Sporesareproducedinsporangia.

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Sexualreproductionmaybeisogamous,anisogamousoroogamous.Oogamousspeciespossess
antheridiaandoogonia.
Sexorgansareusuallyunicellularandnonjacketedmulticellularsexorgansarerareandinthem
eachcellisfertilewithoutajacketofsterilecells.
Embryoisnotformedaftergameticfusion.
Inmostgeneratheonlydiploidstageinthelifecycleisthezygote,whichimmediatelyundergoes

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meiosis.
Sporophytic and gametophytic genetations, which present in the life cycle, are independent. So,
thereisnoalgawithasporophyteparasiticongametophyte.
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Meristems:
Definitionand
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Labels:Algae,CharacteristicsofAlgae

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vs Photosynthesis Citrus Canker Classification of alkaloids Dasa pushpam definition Mycorrhiza dicot stem Dicot Stem Anatomy dolipore
parenthesome septal complex drug yielding plants ectendomycorrhiza Ectomycorrhiza edible vaccines Emblica officinalis endo mycorrhiza

Endomycorrhiza Entomycorrhiza epithem essential oils functions of root Fungi golden rice guttation Gymnosperms Hartingnet
haustoria Heterocysts Heterospory and Seed habit Hydathodes Ingo Potrykus Lactarius Largest Flower lignins Lists of Essential oils

Lycopodiummedicinal plants mycorrhizalfungiNitrogenfixingOedogoniumParasexualcycleParasexualityphenolics Photosynthesis

plant based vaccines Primary metabolites Psilotum Pteridophytes Rafflesia arnoldi Resins root system Rusts Rusts and Smuts
SalvinialeucophyllaSclerodermaSecondarymetaboliteSecondarymetabolitesSmallestFlowerSmutsStepsinvolvedinParasexualcyclesteroids
sterols stomata StoneworttanninsteliosporestagTerminaliabellirica Terminalia chebula the history of photosynthsis transgenic rice Triphala
TylosesVaccinationvaccineVAMVolatileoilsWaternetWaterstomataXanthomonascitrixylemvessels

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