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Kultur Dokumente
EXAMPLES OF PROPOSALS
Proposal on how to attract more membersto theEnglish-language society
Introduction
The aim of this proposal is to give recommendations on what new events to organise in order to attract more people to
join our society. It also suggests varied ways in which we can make our current activities more appealing.
The current situation
There are a number of cultural activities that we offer in our society such as the book club, which meets on Saturday
afternoons to discuss a classic book, and the cinema group, in which a black and white film is projected once a month.
While both events have proved to be popular among older people, mainly middle-aged women, there are very few young
people showing interest in participating. As a result of this, the society has failed to grow and in fact our statistics show that
we are actually losing members little by little.
How to attract new members
I suggest that we create events aimed at people in their early and mid-twenties. For example we can organize pop
concerts, inviting the local bands who perform English covers, or fan clubs, where members can meet to talk about their
favourite British actors or actresses.
We should also try to attract more males to our society and one way to do this is through sport. I recommend forming a
football or tennis club. We can get together to watch the EuroCup matches or the Wimbledon games and then talk about
them.
Regarding our current events, the book club and the cinema group, I think we should keep them but I suggest discussing
modern books and passing premier films from time to time to wider our range of participants.
Conclusion
There should be no delay in creating appealing activities to attract new members, such as the suggested pop concerts,
fan clubs and sport groups. We should also maintain the book club and the cinema group, which have proved to be
successful in the past, but including the discussion and projection of some modern books and films which may be
interesting to young people.
#words: 350
CAE past paper June 2009 - International fund for the environment
The International fund is awarding grants to develop projects which will have a positive impact on the local environment.
Write a proposal describing one environmental project you think should be developed and explaining how it would benefit
your local community
#words 250
Proposal on an environmental development project
Introduction
The aim of this proposal is to present an environmental development project and to describe the positive
impact it would have on the people of this community.
The town's main problem
Rubbish is the principal problem we have got in this town. Landfill areas are currently scarce, reason for
which the garbage that is collected has to be burnt. The black smoke which arises during the burning
process reaches the homes of people and causes severe health problems. I strongly believe this community
needs to find a healthier way to treat their household waste. Therefore I suggest implementing a system
that enables the safe disposal of the waste.
A new approach to solve the problem
It would be infinitely preferable to recycle rubbish rather than burning it. This can be done with plastic,
rubber, paper and metal.
It is of vital importance to first educate the population on the importance of taking care of the environment
and then we can start a programme at schools to teach children to classify the rubbish they have at home
and even learn to recycle it.
Benefits
Eliminating the smoke in town will lead to a healthier and happier lifestyle for our people. Not only will the
children benefit from being able to breathe fresher air but also all of us who suffer from respiratory
problems. In addition to this we will be contributing to helping the planet by having a much greener town.
REPORT
HOW TO WRITE A REPORT
In some of the University of Cambridge ESOL examinations (FCE, CAE, CPE) you are asked to
write a Report.
A report is a formal document which you write to a figure of authority to describe an experience
such as attending a conference or taking part in a project.
1. The organisation of a Report
A report should have a title and subtitles (or subheadings) and be divided into clear sections. There is
usually an introduction and a conclusion. Click here to see a report sample.
2. Useful language / Phrases to use in a Report.
In the introduction
- The aim of this report is to...
- The purpose of this report is to outline...
- This report will also provide some recommendations on...
In the conclusion
- I strongly recommend...ing
- It would be highly advisable to...
- I would no doubt suggest...ing
- I also believe we should...
Click here to see a report sample
3. The use of formal language in a Report
Avoid using contractions in reports as they are too informal.
Write "I would like to recommend..." instead of "Id like to recommend..."
Another thing to avoid is using idioms and phrasal verbs as they tend to be spoken and
informal.
ESSAY
HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY
When taking CPE, CAE, FCE, IELTS or any other international examination, you are often asked to
write an essay.
Essays are formal documents and therefore must be written in a formal style. They are based on
discussions on very serious topics such as the economy of a country or the environment.
In the Cambridge CPE writing exam you are given two pieces of text with information on a topic and
then asked to write an essay summarising the most important information in the texts. (See an
essay sample )
In the CAE exam you are given a task which is usually something like "you've had a class discussion
on Global Warming (or any other serious topic), write an essay giving your opinion on the following
statement..." (See an essay sample)
There are a number of things you should take into consideration before you write, while you write
and after you write an essay:
1. Types of essay
Take into consideration that there are two main types of essays: Discursive essays and Opinions
essays.
In a Discursive Essay you introduce the topic in the first paragraph. Then present arguments for in
the second paragraph, arguments against in the third and a conclusion in the forth.
In an Opinion Essay you give you opinion in the first paragraph and in the paragraphs that follow
you support that opinion with ideas and examples.
"A discursive ( or for and against ) essay is different from an opinion essay. In an opinion
essay, the writer starts out stating his/her opinion; in a discursive essay, the writer gives a
balanced view and in the conclusion can either state his/her opinion or give a summary of both
sides of the argument." Source: "Speak Out" by Eales Frances and Oakes S.
useful
The
second
text
put
It is often that.
forward
It is usually the case
I believe that
that..
In conclusuon , it is my
People to regard..
suggests
opinion that
The reality is that..
Sentence openers :
The first text
that..
Linking points and argumentsBeing specific:
The second text raises the issue
With respect to...
of ..
As opposed to
In the case of...
The writer is of the opinion
In the sense that..
As regards...
that.
For this reason..
In terms of.
Additionally, it is ragued
With the exception of..
that..
Making generalisations :
From the .. point of
The two texts contrast
view.
differing views of..
On the whole.
They are seen as..
According to the first
In general..
As far as are / is
passage.
For the most part.
concerned
Personaly, i .
As a rule
Raising an argument:
Giving the other side:
Obviously...
Considering..
At the same time.
Evidently...
On the question of.
In actual fact..
Presumably...
No one would dispute.
On the other hand.
Naturally...
In contrast to.
fortunately..
Giving one side:
Set/ weighed against this
One argument in favour of
is..
Quantity:
this is .
a great deal of...
In support of..
Attitude :
to some / a large extent...
It is true that
Personally...
a large number of.
Unfortunately...
CAE ESSAY
Read this CAE ESSAY SAMPLE sent to us by a CAE student. Surf our web for more on CAE. We
recommend How to write an Essay
TASK:
You have recently had a class debate in which students discussed whether knowledge or social connections were
more useful in achieving success. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your opinion on the following
statement:
Its not what you know, but who you know that counts
Write your essay in 220-260 words
ARTICLE
HOW TO WRITE AN ARTICLE
When taking CPE, CAE, FCE, IELTS or any other international examination, you are often asked to write an article
(click to see a CPE sample article). This can be either formal or informal and on a wide variety of topics. There are a
number of things you should take into consideration before you write, while you write and after youve finished
writing:
1. Before you write
Take a minute to read the task(instructions) carefully and decide what to write and in which style.
Ask yourself the following questions
What do I have to write about? (Content/ check task)
Who is the article for? A newspaper, a formal magazine/ a blog...? (To decide on style/check task)
How many paragraphs am I going to write? (Organisation)
What kind of language should I use? (Language/grammar I am expected to use/ check task)
2. While you write
Have into consideration that articles have two main purposes, to inform and to entertain/interest
the reader. Ideally after going through your text, your readers should have the feeling that they
have learnt something or at least that they have had a good time.
It is always a good idea to start the article with an inviting title and a riveting introduction. Something
that makes your public continue reading. It could be a question (that they will only be able to answer after reading
the text), or something intended to caputure the readers imagination. You are free to be creative when choosing a
title but make sure it reflects what the text is about.
As you write remember to stick to your plan, check that you are truly answering the task questions
and that you have clear well-organised coherent paragraphs (You shouldnt start writing about A and end up
writing about Z.)
At CAE and CPE level it is also of vital importance to include some advanced examples of the use of
grammar as well as lexis (idioms, collocations, sayings.) So instead of saying something like "I had a lot of
fun although I dont normally enjoy jazz concerts" say something like " I had a whale of a time although jazz
concerts are not my cup of tea" (idioms: have a whale of a time; not my cup of tea.)
3 After you write
Take your time to proofread and edit your text. Check for spelling mistakes and see if you have to make any
corrections. Make sure that you have used a wide variety of words and if you find one that has been used more than
once, replace it for a synonym.
Avoid repetition: Dont say "I like history programmes, I also like music programmes."
Say: "Im into history programmes and I also like music Tv shows."
Ask yourself the following questions:
- Have I completed the task? (Content)
- Is my article well-organised? (Organisation)
- Have I used a wide range of vocabulary? (Language)
- Have I used different grammar tenses? (Language)
- Is all the article writen in the same style? (Style)
- Is the article interesting enough? (Reader)
Commonly asked questions:
1. How long should a piece of writing be?
It depends on the international examination. At CPE for example, it is between 250-350. It is important to read the
instructions carefully, the expected number of words must be there.
2 What is the difference between an article and an essay?
As I see it, an essay is more academic, usually written for a university/college class. An article is usually for a
magazine or a blog, they can be formal or informal, the topics can be serious or trivial, they are intented to inform
and also to entertain.
CAE Writing An Article
We invite you, our readers to submit an article on new technology and how it affects your life. Your article should
outline the impact of new technology on your life now. You should also explain what further changes are likely to
take place in the near future and how these could affect you.
To answer this question you will need to make a few notes. First, think of examples of new technology. One or two
ideas will be enough. What effect have these had?
examples of new technology:
little device which enables me to speak to my friends while I am on the move, send them messages, and surf the
internet. In addition, I can take photos and send them around the world at the push of a button. Thanks to the
spread of social networking sites I can send and receive information from my friends, read what they have posted
to their profiles and comment on their activities.
Or take music. If my father wanted to listen to a song, he would have had to save up enough money to buy the
record, go to a shop and hope to find it. I, on the other hand, simply navigate to a website with my mobile phone
and the song is mine with a click. I can carry around my entire music collection in my pocket.
As for the future, I imagine that the next frontier will be that of the written word. In all probability, in the next few
years I will be able to find, download and read any book I want on a portable device. This will mean it will no longer
be necessary for me to carry bags of books to and from college. What a relief that will be!
REVIEW
HOW TO WRITE A REVIEW OF A FILM
I recently received a letter from a CPE candidate asking for some tips on how to write a film review and what
information to include and not to include in it. I hope you find this post useful. Click here to see an example of a
film review.
Let's start from the basics. Whatever you do, don't tell us the end of the film! If theres something film review
readers hate is spoilers. When writing about the plot it is better to keep it brief and simple.
Regarding what information to include. Id say the title and the main actorsnames is a must. Then of course a
little bit of the plot and something very important is to give your opinion. We want to know if you enjoyed the
film and if you recommend it. Saying something about the director, the special effects and the soundtrack is
something that would give your text a plus.
Another aspect to take into consideration especially when writing a review for an international exam is the level of
the vocabulary you use in it. Obviously you want to show off and demonstrate the wide variety of words
that you know. Click here to read the page: "Writing to impress the examiner".
Dont use any word more than twice and try to avoid too simple adjectives such as "good" or "interesting".
Ill give you an example of this:
Instead of saying "the acting was good", say something like "the actorsperformance was outstanding"!
Instead of saying "the film was interesting", say something like "the film was riveting".
Film Review: Practical Magic
Practical Magic is a Warner Bros film which was released in 1998 and was based on a book by Alice
Hoffman. This supernatural comedy-drama is the story of a long distinguished line of female witches who are the
victims of a curse as any man who dares love an Owen woman is doomed to die.
Sandra Bullock (Sally Owen) plays a young botanist who tries desperately to live a magic-free life only to find
herself victim of the curse when her beloved husband dies. Nicole Kidman, her sister (Gilly Owen), has her own
share of suffering when her love spell backfires and her delinquent boyfriend tries to kill her. This is actually the
climax of the story when Sandra Bullock is forced to embrace her long-denied wiccan legacy to tap into the magic
she urgently needs to save her sibling.
Even though Practical Magic has been severely criticised by Hollywood reviews, allegedly because of its lighthearted plot, there are a couple of strong points which I like about the film and I believe are worth mentioning: The
setting, for a start. The story develops in a lovely village which is a kind of New England and you can actually see
what a wonderful job they did with the scenography. Then, there is the soundtrack, which includes one of my
favourite songs of all times This Kiss by Faith Hill.
I would no doubt recommend Practical Magic to anyone who is fond of fantasy films like me, or who is interested in
witch stories or magic.
TASK :
Your local newspaper is asking its readers to write a review of a restaurant where you have eaten recently and
would recommend to others.
LETTER
HOW TO WRITE A LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Need help with the writing section in the Proficiency in English exam? Take a look at this "letter to the editor."
Dear Sir
I am writing in response to the article in last Wednesdays edition of your paper regarding the proposal of
increasing nursery provisions across the country to encourage women back into the worklife after having a baby. I
would like to comment on the points that were raised.
First of all I would like to say that I totally agree with the statement that providing greater nursery
provisions will allow women to return to work as soon as possible. Improvements in childcare programmes will
definitely contribute to this, and I think they are a wonderful idea. As I see it women should be able to have
children without having to worry about losing their jobs, simply because it is their natural right to do so.
Secondly, I would like to mention that the fear some companies have that this pro-children policy will
encourage women to have too many children and therefore cause them serious economic problems, is irrational.
Women of these days are career-oriented and are likely to choose to have just one or two children. Not having to
worry about leaving the company will just make them more committed to their work and more motivated to
contribute to the enterprises success.
I also would like to add some ideas to your comments: "a greater nursery provision provides an ideal
opportunity to introduce a national programme of pre-school learning". I think it is true that we do not have an
adequate nursery programme, specially for six-month babies and toddlers. We have seen education as a right for
anyone older than three years old without considering the younger population. I fully expect to see a change in such
an important aspect of education in our country.
To sum up, women do not need to risk their careers when deciding to have a baby. It is the governments job to
ensure that children are secure in their first years as well as to create an appropriate national education programme
and to encourage companies to provide nursery facilities.
I look forward to hearing other readers views on the subject.
Yours faithfully
ALETTER/ANEMAIL(formalorinformal)iswritteninresponsetothesituationoutlinedinthetask.Letters/emailsinthe
CambridgeEnglish:AdvancedWritingpaperwillrequirearesponsewhichisconsistentlyappropriateforthespecifiedtarget
reader.
Whenaresponseisframedasanemail,letterwritingconventionssuchasanopeningsalutation,clearparagraphingand
closingphrasingarealwaysimportant.
Hints
DObeginbygivingareasontowrite.Youwouldnormallystartwithagreeting,thenacknowledgetheletteror
somekeyinformationgiveninthelettertowhichyouarereplying.
Useparagraphsinwhichyoucovereachofthepointsmentionedinthetaskinput.
Aswellasthepointsmentionedinthetaskinput,thinkofsomeofyourownideas.
Identifythefunction(s)youshoulduse(e.g.advising,reminding,requesting,suggesting...).
Makesurethepointscoveredfollowalogicalrightordersothatthewholeletter/emailiscoherent.
Finishtheletter/emailinanaturalway,byarrangingtoseeorcontactthepersonyourarewritingtoagainsoon.
Remembertouseaninformaltone.
MODELQUESTIONSANDANSWERS**********************
Modelquestionsandanswers
Informalletter/EmailModelquestion
TASK
Readpartofanemailfromafriendwhoisplanningtocomeandliveinyourcountry.
Ofcourse,I'dreallyneedtolearnthelanguage.Iknowyou'vebeenlearningEnglishforyears,soyou'vehadloadsof
experience.Arethereanytricksofthetradethatmighthelpmepickupyourlanguageabitmorequickly?
Replytotheemailmessageofferingyourfriendsomeadvice.Writeyouremailin220260wordsinanappropriatestyle.
Informalletter/EmailModelanswer
DearEmma,
Thankssomuchforyouremail.Itwassogoodtohearfromyou.I'mreallysorrynottohavebeenintouchearlierbutI'vebeen
uptomyeyespreparingformyexams.
Whatgreatnewsthatyou'refinallycomingtoFranceIcan'twaittocatchupinperson!Andyou'regoingtolearnFrenchtoo
fantastic!
I'vebeelearningEnglishsinceIwasakidasyouknow,andbyfarthemostusefulexperiencewasgoingtothatlanguage
schoolinBrightonforthreemonthslastsummer.IfIwereyou,I'ddefinitelyenrolinacourselikethattokeepyoufocused.I'd
alsosuggestreadingaswidelyaspossible,onlinenewspapers,blogs,books,thebackofacerealpacketanything,really!
Don'tbetemptedtobuyoneofthose'LearnFrenchinaweekend'coursesthoughawasteoftimeifyouaskme.Learninga
languagetakestimeandeffort.
Whatseemstoworkforalotofpeopeislearningsongs.MybrotherreckonsthathehaslearntmoreEnglishfromtheTop40
thanhehasatschool.AndyouknowmyfrienLucie?Sheravedaboutherfortnightwithahostfamily,sothat'sworthatrytoo.
Ofcourse,youcouldalsogetaFrenchboyfriendorgirlfriendtospeedupyourprogress!
Anyway,Ihopethat'shelpedgiveyouafewideas.DowritebackassoonasyoucanI'dlovetohearallthedetailsofyour
plans.
Lotsoflove,
Sandrine
Seemoreat:http://www.rubenvalero.com/english/content/caeinformalletteremail#sthash.WTIIsTxx.dpuf