CHAPTER 10: RADIOACTIVITY

1. Question 1: Trengganu 07
A radioactive source emits two rays P
and Q is placed in front of an electric
field and the radioactive path is shown
in Diagram 1.

2. Question 4: Trengganu 08
A Polonium nucleus emits alpha particles
p
and gamma ray to become a Plumbum
nucleus.
(a) Complete the decay equation for
Polonium nucleus by writing the
appropriate number in the boxes
provided.

[1 mark]
(b) The Polonium nucleus is placed in
front of electric field as shown in
Diagram 4.1.
DIAGRAM 1
(a) Name the material of container X.
..........................................................
........................................
[ 1 mark ]
(b)(i) Complete this sentence by
underlining one correct phrase in
the box.
Ray P is
an alpha particle

(i)

a beta particle
a gamma ray

[1 mark ]
(ii) Give the reason for your answer
in (a)(i).
..........................................................
........................................
[1 mark ]
(c) Why the size of deflection of ray P is
greater than ray Q?
.............................................................
[1 mark ]
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(ii)

Draw
raw path of ray for alpha
a
particle and gamma ray in
Diagram 4.1.
[2 marks]
Explain why the rays follow
the path as you drawn in
Diagram 4.1

Alpha: .....................................................
Gamma: ..................................................
.............................................
[2 marks]
(c) A sample of polonium of mass
120 g has a half-life
life of 45 s.
Determine the mass of polonium
that has decayed after 180
second.
[2 marks]

3. Question 3: MRSM 08
Radioisotope uranium-238
238 decays to
become thorium-224
224 as shown in the
equation below.

(a)(i) What is meant by radioisotope?

..........................................................
[1 mark]
(a)(ii) What is radiation P?
..........................................................
[1 mark]
(b) If the mass defect in the above
radioactive decay is 3.35 x 10-27 kg,
calculate
lculate the energy released in
joule.
(Speed of light, c = 3.0 x 108 m/s)

4. Question 4: Melaka 07
(a) P, Q and R are three descriptions
of the main types of nuclear
radiation.
P: A fast moving electron
electr
Q: Short wave length
electromagnetic radiation
R: A particle consisting of two
protons and two neutrons.
Which lettered statement is the
description of:
(i)
An alpha particle: .......
(ii)
A beta particle: .........
(iii) Gamma radiation: ......
[3 marks]
(b) Diagram 4 shows a radioactive
detector to detect radioactive
emissions.

[2 marks]

(c) A radioactive source which emits

radiation P is placed near an
electric field as shown in Diagram 3.

(i) On Diagram 3, draw the path of

radiation P in the electric field.
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (c)(i).
..........................................................
[1 mark]

Radon-220
220 is placed as radioactive
source in this detector and it decays by
emitting alpha particles and it has a
half-life of 52 s.
(i)
State the name of the
radioactive detector shown
s
in
Diagram 4.

(ii)

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

...................................................
[1 mark]
On Diagram 4, sketch the
misty track formed by these
alpha particles.

[1 mark]
(c) The activity of a sample of
Radon-220
220 is measured to be 520
counts/s. Calculate the activity of
the Radon-220
220 after 156 s.

[1mark]
(ii) Complete the following
equation for the decay of IodineIodine
131.

[2 marks]

5. Question 2: Kelantan 07
Diagram 3.1 shows the rate of decay of
radioactive substance, Iodine--131.

a).

[1 mark]
6. Question 4: Melaka 08
Diagram 4.1 shows a Geiger-Muller
Geiger
tube
connected to a counter rate meter to
detect radioactive
ve rays from a
radioisotope P.

What is meant by half life?

[1mark]
b) Based on Diagram 3.1, what is the
half life of Iodine?

[1mark]
c) What happen to the activity of
Iodine-131
131 after 24 days?

(a) (i) Name one radioactive ray which

can be detect by a Geiger-Muller
Geiger
tube?
..........................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain how the
he radioactive rays
is detected by the tube.
tube
..........................................................

[1mark]
d) When Iodine-131
131 decays, it
produces a beta particle and
Xenon-131(Xe).
(i)
What is beta particle?

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

..........................................................
[2 marks]
(b) The radioisotope P has been
b
removed but there is still a small
reading on the counter rate
meter. What causes this reading?

..........................................................
[1 mark]
Diagram 4.2 shows a graph of
radioactive activity, N, for radioisotope
P against time, t.
(a)(i) Why does the parent nuclide
decay?
..........................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Compare the total mass in a.m.u.
before and after the decay
process.
..........................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Explain the reason for the
observation 5(a)(ii).

(c) Determine the half life of

radioisotope P.
[2 marks]
(d) State one application of the
radioisotope
.............................................................
[1 mark]
7. Question 5: MRSM 07
Figure 5.1 and 5.2 represent the
radioactive decay of radium-226
226 and
carbon-14 respectively.

..........................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) Write an equation to show
relationship between mass
defect, m, speed of light, c and
energy, E.
..........................................................
[1 mark]
(v) State the relationship between the
mass defect and the energy
released.
..............................................................
.......................................
[1 mark]
(d) The half-lifes
lifes of radium-226
radium
and
carbon-14
14 are 1 600 years and 5 600
years respectively.
(i) What is meant by half-life?
half
..............................................................
.............................
[1 mark]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(ii) Which radioactive material will

decay at a faster rate? Explain your
answer.
..............................................................
.............................................................
...................................
[2 marks]
8. Question 6: Kedah 09
Diagram 6.1 shows the activity of a
radioactive substance X and a
radioactive substance Y being
measured by a Geiger-Muller
Muller tube
connected to a rate meter.

(a) What is the meaning of half life?

[1 mark]
(b) Based on the decay curves in
Diagram 6.2,
(i)
State the half-life of
radioactive
ve substance X and
radioactive substance Y.
X: .............................
Y: ..........................
[2 marks]
(ii)

For radioactive substance X

and radioactive substance Y,
what percentage remains un
decayed after 10 minutes?
X: ............................................
......................
Y: ............................................
[2 marks]

Diagram 6.2 shows the decay curves

obtained for radioactive substance X
and radioactive substance Y.

(c) Based on the answers to 6(b)(i)

and 6(b)(ii), compare the decay
rates of radioactive substance X
and radioactive substance Y.
Hence state the relationship
between decay rate and half life.
.........................................................
.........................................................
[2 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(d) Give a reason why the readings

of the rate meters did not drop to
zero after radioactive substance
X and radioactive
dioactive substance Y
were removed.

(c) In an experiment to find the range of

-particles
particles in air, the apparatus in
Diagram 8.2 is set-up.
up.

..........................................................
[1 mark]
9. Question 8: SBP 07
Diagram 8.1 is part of the decay curve
for a sample of an -emitting
radioactive isotope.

Diagram 8.2
The results of this experiment are
shown in Table 8.
Distance from
Count rate /
source to detector
count per minute
/cm
1
681
2
562
3
441
4
382
5
317
6
20
7
19
8
21
9
19
(i) Name one suitable detector to
detect -particles
particles in air.

(a) What is meant by isotope?

..............................................................

...................................................................
.........................................................
..................................................................

[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 8.1:
(i) Determine the half-life
life of the
isotope.
[2 marks]
(ii) Complete the curve in Diagram
8.1 as far as time = 20 days. Plot
the exact corresponding values
of the percentage activity and
time.
[3 marks]
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

[1 mark]
(ii) State the cause of the count rate
at a distance of 9 cm from the
source.
.........................................................
.....................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Estimate the count rate that is
only due to the source at a
distance of 2 cm.

[1 mark]

(iv) Using Table 8, what is the

maximum distance -particles
particles
can travel in air?
........................................................
[1 mark]
(v) Justify your answer to c(iv).

(ii)Give
Give the reason for your answer.
.........................................................
[ 1 mark ]
(d)

Explain why a source emmiting particles is not suitable to be use

as a radioactive
ctive source in Diagram
2.

............................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
.......................
[2 marks]
10. Question 2: SBP 08
A radioactive source and a detector are
used to check the level of fruit juice in a
carton. Cartons of fruit juice pass
between the detector and the
radioactive source, as shown in
Diagram 2. The radioactive source emits
-particles.

..........................................................
[1 mark]

11. Question 8: Teknik 07

Diagram 8.1 shows a radioactive source
can be used to control the thickness of
paper
er as it is manufactured. The G-M
G
tube reading at P, Q and R are recorded
as shown in table 8.2

DIAGRAM 8.1
(a)

What is a -particle?

............................................................
[ 1 mark ]
(b) State the suitable detector to detect
-particles in Diagram 2.
.............................................................
[ 1 mark ]
(c)(i) What happened to the reading of
the rate-meter
meter when a full carton
of juice goes past the detector.

Position of
paper

Readings of
G-M
37 29
tube/counts/
0
5
min
TABLE 8.2

29
0

(a) What is meant by radioactive

source?
.............................................................
..........................................

.........................................................
..........................
[ 1 mark ]
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

.............................................................

[1 mark]
(b) Base on Table 8.2, which part of
the paper is the thinnest? Give
your reason.
.............................................................

[4 marks]
(d) Based your answer in (c)(ii) and
Table 8.3, which one of the
radioisotope would be the best
choice as the radioactive source.
Give two reason for your answer

.............................................................

.............................................................

.............................................................
[2 marks]

.............................................................

(c) Table 8.3 shows the time taken to

decay to 12.5 % from the original
value of the three isotopes with
the type of radiation given out
during the process.
Time
Type of
taken
radiation
Radioisotopes
to
given
decay
out
12.5%
3
thorium-231
Beta
days
15.9
Kobalt-60
Gamma
years
66
Actinium-227
Beta
years
TABLE 8.3
Base on Table 8.3,
(i)

Write the decay equation of

Radium-226 ( 226
88 Ra ) to Radon
222
( 86 Rn ).

[2 marks]
(ii)

Determine the half life of each

radioisotopes

.............................................................
[3 marks]
12. Question 8: Trengganu 07
Diagram 8.1 shows a method used to
detect leakage of pipes laid
underground. A little radioisotope
substance is dissolved in the water that
flows in the pipes. A Geiger Muller
which connected to the ratemeter is
then moved over the pipes according
to the layout plan of the underground
pipes.

Table 8.1 shows the readings of the

ratemeter at the different location.
Location
of GeigerA
B
C
D
E
F
Muller
tube
Reading
of the
ratemeter
300 295 284 372 290 216
/ counts
per
minute
(a) What is meant by radioisotope?
.............................................................

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

[1 mark]
(b) Base on Table 8.1, state the
location on the pipe where the
leakage takes place.
State reason for your answer.
.............................................................
.............................................................
[2 marks]

[4 marks]
(d) Based on your answer in (c) (ii) and
Table 8.2, suggest the suitable
radioisotope to detect the leakages
of pipes.
Give two reasons for your answer.
.............................................................
.............................................................

(c) Table 8.2 shows the time taken for

radioisotope of Sodium-24, Cobalt60 and Radium-226 to decay to
12.5% from initial activity and
radioactive emission.

Radioisotope

Sodium -24

Time
taken to Radioactive
decay
emission
to
12.5%
45
Beta
hours

Cobalt-60

15.9
years

Gamma

Radium-226

4860
years

Alpha

Base on Table 8.2,

(i) Write the decay equation for
Radium-226 ( 226
88 Ra ) if it
decays to Radon (
(ii)

222
86

Rn ).
[2 marks]
calculate the half life for every
radioisotope.

.............................................................
[3 marks]
13. Question 8: Johor 09
Diagram 8 shows an underground water
pipe that is leaking. The radioactive salt
contains radioisotope is used to detect
the leakage.

Table 8 shows four radioisotopes with

their respective properties.
Radioisotope Type of
radiation
Cobalt-60
Gamma
Strontium-90

Beta

Sodium-24

Gamma

Phosphorus32

Beta

Halflife
5.27
years
28.5
years
15
hours
14.3
days

Physical
state
Solid
Solid
Liquid
Liquid

(a) What is meant by half-life?

(b) Based on the Table 8, state the
suitable properties of the
radioisotope to detect the
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

leakage. Give reason for the

suitability of the properties.
(i)
Type of radiation
....................................................

.......................................................
14. Conceptual: Johor 07
Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show
the graph of radioactivity for two
difference sources .

Reason

(ii)

....................................................
[2 marks]
Half-life
....................................................
Reason

(iii)

....................................................
[2 marks]
Physical state
....................................................
Reason

...................................................
[2 mark]
(c) Determine the most suitable
radioisotope that can be used to
detect the leakage.

[1 mark]
(d) The radioisotope in 8(c) has an
initial count rate of 1600 counts
per minute. Calculate the time
taken for the radioisotope in the
water to become 100 count per
minute.
[2 marks]
(e) Cobalt-60 emits gamma ray.
(i) State one property of the
gamma ray.
.
[1 mark]
(ii) Compare the speed of gamma
ray and speed of light in the
vacuum.
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(a) Using Diagram 10.1 and

Diagram 10.2, compare time
elapsed, radioactivity decay
and initial activity for the two
sources.
[3 marks]
(b) State the relationship between
the fraction of radioactive
source that remains and the
time elapsed to deduce a
relevant physics concept.
[2 marks]

15. Understanding: Johor 07

The proton number of uranium (U) is 92.
Uranium-236, one of the uranium
radioisotopes, decay to thorium (Th) by
emitting an alpha particle.
(i) Write the nuclear equation
expressing the alpha decay of

236
92

(ii) Briefly describe the change which

occurs in the nucleus of uranium236 during the decay.
[4 marks]

16. Understanding: Perak 07

X, Y and Z are three different radioactive
substances. It is known that one of
them emits only particles another one
emits only particles, and the third
emits only particles. You are required
to carry out investigation to identify the
type of radiation emitted by the three
types of substances.
(i)
Draw a diagram to show how
you carry out the
investigation.
(ii)
Describe the procedures and
explain how you arrived at the
conclusion.
[7 marks]

(i) Explain how a radioactive substance

can be used to detect the location of

the leakage.
[4 marks]
(ii) Radioactive substances are
hazardous and must be used with
care. In using a radioactive
substance to detect the leakage,
suggest how the substance should
be chosen by considering the
following aspects:
- the half-life of the substance,
- the types of radiation emitted by
the substance,
- the type of detector to be used.
[6 marks]
19. Qualitative problems: Johor 07
A doctor wants to detect the presence
of blockages in the blood vessels. By
injecting a suitable radioisotope as
tracer into the blood stream of the
patient, a doctor should able to identify
the part of body that not receiving
enough blood.

17. Understanding: Kedah 07

What is nuclear fission and nuclear
fusion? Explain how these two nuclear
reactions are able to release energy?
[4 marks]

18. Qualitative problems: Kedah 07

Diagram 10.3 shows an underground water
pipe which has a leak.

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

Using your knowledge on radioactivity

and Diagram 10.3, explain on the
following aspect:

(i)

(ii)
(iii)

what radioactive material

and equipment can be used
to monitor the blood flow in
the patient.
how the equipment is
assembled.
how the system works.
[10 marks]

21. Section B: Mara 08

As a researcher, you are assigned to
investigate the characteristics
characteristi of
radioactive substances with different
hal-lives
lives to be used for the treatment of
cancer. Diagram 12.1 shows
radioactive rays directed towards the
cancer cells in a patients brain.

20. Making Decision: Perak 07

The water supply to your school is from
a large storage tank situated in the
school compound. There is a sudden
drop in the water pressure at the taps in
your school. You suspect that
hat this
could be due to a big leak in the
underground water pipes. Table 12
gives the list of materials and
equipment that could be used to locate
the leak.
Radioactive Radiation
source
emitted

P
Q
R
S

Half
Half-life

(a) What is meant by half-life?

half
[1 mark]

16 hours
20 days
15 hours
40 minutes

(b) Sketch a graph of activity against

time to illustrate the decay rate of
a radioactive substance. Use
your graph to explain how the
half-life
life is determined.
[4 marks]

Detector

Counter

Spark counter
Cloud chamber
Geiger-Muller
tube
Radiation
badge

Scaler
Ratemeter

(i)

What is meant by the half

halflife?
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain the suitability

ility of the
radioactive source, the
detector and the counter to
be used to locate the leak and
to detect the radiation emitted
and justify your choice.
[10 marks]
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

Table 12.1 shows the properties of four

radioactive substances J, K, L and M.
Radio- Type of
Halfactive radiation life
source
J
Beta
1620
years
K
Gamma
6
hour
L
Gamma
5.27
years
M
Beta
15
days

State
Ionizing
of
power
matter
Solid
High
Liquid

Low

Solid

Low

Liquid

high

(c)(i) Based on
n Table 12.1 above,
explain the suitable properties of

(ii)

the radioactive substance for use

to kill cancer cells in a patient.
Determine which radioactive
substance is the most suitable for
the treatment of cancer cells in a
patient and give your reasons.
sons.
[10 marks]

(d) Diagram 12.2 shows a radioactive

decay series for Rn-222
222 nucleus to
Pb-210

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Decsribe what happens to a

nucleus when it undergoes a
radioactive decay.
Write an equation to represent
the radioactive decay series of
Rn-222 to Pb-210
210 in Diagram
12.2
State the number of alpha
particles and beta particles
produced in the decay.
[5 marks]

22. Section B: Kedah 08

Diagram 10.1 shows a G-M
M tube that is
connected to
o a ratemeter placed near a
radioactive source consisting of he
isotopes of aluminium, Al-29.
29. The
ratemeter shows a reading. After some
time, the chemical test of the source
shows that the mass of the isotope Al
Al29 has decreased.

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(a) what is meant by isotopes

isot
of an
element?
[1 mark]
(b) What is the use of
(i) The G-M tube
(ii) The ratemeter
[2 marks]
(c) From the observations mentioned
above, described what has
happened to
o the isotopes Al-29
Al
and
state the name of the process that
has occured to the isotopes.
[3 marks]
(d) What is nuclear fission and nuclear
fusion? Explain how these two
nuclear reactions are able to
release energy.
[4 marks]
(e) iagram 10.2 shows an application
of radioactive subtances in
agriculture in studying the intake of
fertilizer by plants.

(i) Explain how the study is carried

out.
[4 marks]
(ii) Radioactive substances are
hazardous and must be used with
care. In using a radioactive
substance to study the intake of
fertilizer, suggest how the
substance and the detector should
be chosen by considering the
following aspects:
- The half life of the substance
- The type of radiation emitted by
the substance
- The type of detector to be used.
[6 marks]

23. Section C: Kelantan 08

Radioactive material has some
important uses in the field of agricul
agriculture
such as to study the effectiveness of
fertilizers and control the population of
pests.
(a) A researcher conducted an
investigation using posphorus
posphorus-32
to study the absorption and
movement of fertilizers in the
plant. Diagram 12.1 shows how
radioisotope posphorus
phorus-32 is
injected to the stem of the plant.
The half-life of posphorus
posphorus-32 is
14 days and emits -particles
particles.
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

Based on the information on

radioactivity and Diagram 12.1 :
(i)
What is meant by half life?
[1 mark]
(ii)
What is -particles.
particles.
[1 mark]
(iii) Name the most
mos suitable
detector could be used to
detect -particles.
particles.
[1 mark]
(b) The initial posphorus-32
posphorus
activity
is 800 counts per second.
Calculate the time taken for the
phosphorus-32
32 activity to
decrease to 50 counts per
second.
[2 marks]
(c) The population of pests can be
controlled using radiation from
radioactive source.
You are assigned to study the
characteristics of some
radioisotopes that are
suitable for use in controlling the
population of pests.
Table 12.2 shows the
characteristics of four
radioisotopes.

Radioisotope

Charateristics of
radioisotope
State
Types
Halfof
of ray
life
matter

Iodine-131

Liquid

Gamma

Xenon-133

Solid

Beta

Cobalt-60

Solid

Gamma

Strontium-90

Liquid

Beta

8
days
5
days
5
years
8
years

Explain the suitability of the

characteristics of the radioisotope to be
used in the controlling the population of
pests based on the following aspects:
- State of matter
- Types of ray
- Half-life
Determine the most suitable
radioisotope to be used and give the
reason for your
choice.
[8 marks]
(d) The following equation shows a
fission reaction of Uranium-235.

(i)

What is meant by a nuclear

fission?
[1 mark]

(ii)

Nuclear fission produces a

chain reaction. Describe how
the chain reaction occurs in a
nuclear fission of an atom of
Uranium- 235.
[4 marks]
The nuclear energy produced
in the fission reaction of
uranium-235 is 2.9 x 10-11 J.
Calculate the total loss of
mass in the reaction.
[ c = 3.0 x 108 ms-1]

(iii)

[2 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

24. Section C: Kelantan 09

As a researcher, you are assigned to
investigate the characteristics of a
certain radioactive isotope that could be
used to detect the thickness of paper in
paper factory.
(a) What is meant by radioisotope?
(b) Table 12 below shows the
characteristics of five
radioisotopes.

Radio
isotope

Characteristics of Isotope
State
of
matter
Solid

Emitted
radiation

Halflife

Beta

Solid

Gamma

Xenon-133

Gas

Beta

Water H-3

Liquid

Beta

Polonium210

Solid

Alpha

28
years
5
years
5
days
12
years
140
days

Strontium90
Cobalt-60

Power of
penetration
medium
High
High
Medium
Low

Based on the table above;

(i) Explain the suitable characteristics
of the radioisotopes so that it can
be used to detect the thickness of
paper in a paper factory.
(ii) Determine the most suitable
radioisotope to be used and give
your reason for your choice.
[10 marks]
(c) Explain the arrangement of the
paper thickness detector apparatus
and state how radioactivity is used
to detect the thickness of the paper.
[4 marks]
(d) Sketch a graph of activity against
time to illustrate how radioactive
materials decay. Use your graph to
explain how the half-life is
determined.

[3 marks]
(e) The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5 years.
Calculate the time taken for the
activity of this isotope to decay to
12.5% of its initial value.
[2 marks]

25. Section C: Melaka 09

Diagram 11 shows how a doctor used
radioisotope to detect the blood flow in
patients leg. The radioisotope is taken
into the patients body before undergo
the treatment.

Ionizing
power
Penetra
tion
power
Radia
tion ray
State of
matter

Low

days
High

hours
Low

years
hour
Medium High

High

Low

High

High

Low

gama

alfa

gama

Beta

alfa

Liquid

Solid

Liquid

Solid

liquid

As a medical officer, you are required to

choose the most suitable radioisotope
as a raditherapy treatment for a brain
tumor. Study the characterictics of all
the five radioisotope based on the
following aspects:
- Half-life
- The ionizing power
- The radioactive radiation
- The states of matter
Explain the suitablity of the aspects.
Justify your choice.
[10 marks]

26. Section C: SBP 09

Diagram 12.1 shows a system used in a
factory to ensure the volume of guava
juice in a bottle is uniform.
(a)

The patient in Diagram 11 is

being diagnosis with a present of
radioactive in his blood stream.
Describe how the radioisotope
get into his body and how the
doctor diagnosis his disease by
using this method.
[4 marks]

(b) Table 11.1 shows the characteristics

of five radioisotopes, P, Q, R, S and

T.
RadioIsotope
Half-life

5 min

5.27

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

The radioactive source, radiation

detector and counter are used to detect
the volume of
guava juice. The radioactive source
contains a radioisotope.
(a) What is meant by a radioisotope?

[1 mark]
(b) Table 12.2 shows the
characteristics of five
radioisotopes P, Q, R, S and T.

(d) In a radioactive decay series,

Uranium-238 decays to become
Radium-226 by emitting alfa and
beta.

Determine the values of X and Y?

[5 marks]

As a factory engineer, you are required

to determine the most suitable
radioisotope that can be used by the
system to ensure the volume of guava
juice is uniform. Study the
characteristics of all 5 radioisotopes
and explain the suitability of the
aspects. Determine the most suitable
radioisotope and give the reason for
your choice.
[10 marks]
(c) Table 12.3 shows the reading of the
rate meter for 6 bottles through
detector and radioactive source.
Bottle

Rate meter reading /

Count per minute
464
468
467
462
568
470

A
B
C
D
E
F
(i)

(ii)

State one detector that is

suitable to be used for this
purpose.
[1 mark]
Based on table 12.3, which
bottle shows the least volume
of juice and state the reason
for your answer.
[3 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010