Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Figure 1. The tallest 20 buildings completed in 2012, including Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, only the second megatall building ever completed.
38 | A Year in Review: Trends of 2011
100
10
3
87
3
88
3
88
6
5
87
5
4
4
87
4
6
3
8
89
89
80
3
12
14
85
6
23
18
27
60
57
49
40
20
2012
2010
2000
1990
1980
1970
0
1960
China
The 22 buildings completed in China in 2012
were spread around 13 cities; Guangzhou was
the busiest, completing four projects. Notable
projects completed in 2012 include the
309-meter Pearl River Tower in Guangzhou, a
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill-designed tower
hailed for its energy efficient elements. The
project includes wind-turbines to generate
energy for the building, as well as a double
facade curtain wall, radiant ceilings, solar
panels, daylight harvesting and an underfloor
ventilation system.
1950
1940
1930
Mixed-use
Hotel
Residential
99
100
98
92
5
92
80
3
4
10
3
12
81
80
6
3
4
37
3
3
21
27
43
45
60
15. Trump International Hotel & Tower Toronto, Toronto 277 m/908 ft
40
30
St. Regis Luxury Hotel (connected via skybridge) will be complete in 2013
23
20
2012
2010
2000
1990
1980
1970
1960
1950
1930
1940
North America
Asia
Middle East
South America
Australia
Europe
98
97
96
9
90
80
3
22
12
5
3
32
4
31
4
35
12
19
69
43
60
44
21
55
40
39
20
21
17
2010
2012
2000
1990
1970
1980
1950
1960
1940
1930
Concrete
Mixed
Unknown
Composite
South Korea
South Korea, one of the most active builders
in recent years, only completed three
buildings over 200 meters in 2012, the fewest
since 2008, when it completed two. The tallest
completed last year was Three International
Finance Center, a 284-meter tower located in
Seoul. South Korea now has 38 buildings taller
than 200 meters ranking it fourth in the
world behind China, the United States and
the United Arab Emirates and it continues to
Australia
Australia completed three buildings over 200
meters, the first buildings to surpass the 200
meter threshold since 2007. Tall building
development in Australia has always been
sporadic, with an increase in development
often followed by constructions droughts. In
2005 Australia completed four buildings over
200 meters, including the 323-meter Q1 on
the Gold Coast, which remains Australias
tallest. From 2007 to 2011 there were no
towers over 200 meters completed. The three
200 m+ buildings completed in 2012 mark
the second highest completion total in
Australias history, tying the output in 1992.
Dubai
Dubai continues to be a significant market for
tall building construction, despite the
much-publicized drop-off in development
after 2008. Four of the six tallest buildings
completed globally in 2012 are in Dubai. The
average height of these four buildings was
385 meters; in contrast to an average of 310
meters for the four buildings completed in
Guangzhou and an average of 319 meters for
the five buildings completed in Mecca. Dubai,
which boasts the worlds tallest building, the
828-meter Burj Khalifa, did not have a single
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia has not been known for
significant numbers of tall buildings, but that
is changing. Seven buildings taller than 200
meters were completed in 2012, including the
Makkah Clock Tower Hotel. Makkah
completed more buildings over 200 meters
than any other city in the world in 2012. The
clock tower is part of the Abraj Al-Bait
complex, which features seven buildings taller
than 200 meters. Four more of the towers in
the project completed in 2012, the 265-meter
Zam Zam Tower and the Hajar Tower, which is
also listed at 265 meters. Another notable
building completed in 2012 was the
258-meter Tamkeen Tower, the third tallest
building in Riyadh.
Saudi Arabia currently has 12 buildings that
are 200 meters or taller, but in the next few
years that number could double. Three
supertall towers (buildings over 300 meters)
are under construction in Riyadh, with two
supertalls in development in Jeddah. The
under construction numbers dont include
Kingdom Tower, the one-kilometer-plus
800 m
Burj Khalifa
828 m/2,717 ft
Dubai
700 m
Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel
601 m/1,972 ft
Mecca
600 m
Taipei 101
508 m/1,667 ft
Taipei
KK100
442 m/1,449 ft
Shenzhen
500 m
Two International Finance Centre
412 m/1,352 ft
Hong Kong
400 m
Menara Telekom
310 m/1,017 ft
Kuala Lumpur
Q1 Tower
323 m/1,058 ft
Gold Coast
Kingdom Centre
302 m/992 ft
Riyadh
300 m
200 m
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2000
2001
100 m
400 m
The average height of the 50 tallest buildings in existence that year
The average height of the 50 tallest buildings completed that year
Total Average:
316 meters
Total Average:
317 meters
Total Average:
320 meters
Total Average:
324 meters
Total Average:
327 meters
Total Average:
329 meters
Total Average:
331 meters
Total Average:
339 meters
Total Average:
344 meters
2011 Average:
269 meters
2012 Average:
269 meters
2010
2009 Average:
229 meters
2009
2006
2007 Average:
201 meters
2008
2006 Average:
214 meters
2007
2005 Average:
214 meters
2005
2004 Average:
203 meters
2004
2003 Average:
2002 Average: 217 meters
194 meters
2003
2001 Average:
201 meters
2002
2000 Average:
209 meters
2001
200 m
2000
2010 Average:
276 meters
2008 Average:
242 meters
Total Average:
388 meters
2012
Total Average:
315 meters
Total Average:
374 meters
2011
300 m
Total Average:
366 meters
Figure 2. Above: The tallest building completed each year since the year 2000. Bottom: The average height of the 50 tallest buildings in existence that year and of the 50 tallest
buildings completed during that year
2012 Tallest #11: Three International Finance Center, Seoul, South Korea. Arquitectonica
Conclusion
Although the pace of completions slowed in
2012, there is no indication of a tall building
construction slowdown. As 2012 closes, the
industry is on the cusp of another burst of tall
building development. In total, there are 437
buildings taller than 200 meters under
construction globally. It is likely the 2013
completion total will set a new record for tall
building completions, surpassing the 2011
total.
In addition, the quest to grow taller continues.
Of the projects under construction, 59 will join
the list of the 100 tallest buildings in the
world; eight will likely make the top 10. There
are also 10 buildings taller than 500 meters
under construction, including three megatalls
over 600 meters.
Despite the economic crisis, tall building
construction is still an important driver for the
revitalization of fast-growing urban centers
around the world, particularly in Asia and the
Middle East. At the same time, cities in Europe,
South America and Africa are looking to grow
vertically, while smaller markets like Panama
City and Abu Dhabi continue to complete
projects. The need to create efficient, high
density districts for people to live and work is
pushing skylines higher, and there is no
evidence that those factors will subside any
time soon.
33
22 22
22
21
20
20
16
16
14
12
12
11
8
7
6
4
3
1
3
1
21
20
19
18
14
13
11
7
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
9
8
7
7
3
2
3
2
5
4
4
2
3
2
4
3
2
1
4
2
2
1
2
1
23
18
16
15
11
7
6
3
2
2012 Tallest #32: Marina Bay Financial Center, Singapore Raes Quay Asset Management Pte Ltd
2012 Tallest #45: Revel Resort and Casino, Atlantic City The Harman Group
2012 Tallest #60: Huarun Tower Chengdu MixC, Chengdu Chris Eden, Callison