PART 2.

THE MOLE AND THE NUMBER OF PARTICLES, MASS OF SUBSTANCES, & VOLUME OF GAS

(RAM, RMM, RFM) (6.02 x 23)

X molar mass X Avogadro constant
Mass (g) Number of Moles Number of particles/ Molecules

÷ Molar mass ÷
Avogadro constant
(RAM, RMM, RFM) (6.02 x 23)

X molar volume ÷ molar volume

22.4dm³/STP 22.4dm³/STP
24dm³ / at room condition 24dm³ / at room condition

Volume (dm³)

1) The relative formula mass of a compound with formula Y₂SO₄ is 142. Calculate the relative
atomic mass of element Y.

2) How many times more is the number of atoms in 7g of nitrogen gas compared to that in 7g of
iron?

[RAM: N, 14: Fe, 56)

3) Find the volume of nitrogen gas in cm³ of STP that consists of 2.408 X 10²³ nitrogen molecules

4) What is the volume of 0.3 mole of sulphur dioxide gas at STP? [Molar volume: 22.4 dm3 mol-1 at
STP]

1
 5) Calculate the number of water molecules in 90 g of water, H2O.

[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; O, 16. Avogadro constant, NA: 6.02 x 1023 mol-1]

6) Calculate the number of hydrogen molecules contained in 6 dm3 of hydrogen gas at room
conditions.

[Molar volume: 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions Avogadro constant, NA: 6.02 x 1023 mol-1]

To solve problems using chemical equations use method below

Gather info;
Write balanced chemical convert the given unit to the number
equation of moles
Compare the ratio ofCalculate
moles answer, then convert required unit.

1 2\ 3 4

7) Ethene gas burns in excessive oxygen according to the following equations.

C₂H₄ (g) + 3O₂ (g) 2CO₂ (g) + 2H₂O (l)

Find the volume of carbon dioxide released at STP if 42 g of ethane is burnt completely.

[RAM H, 1; C, 12. Molar volume 22.4dm³ mol ⁻¹ at STP]

8) Aluminium reacts with copper (ll) oxide to produce aluminium oxide and copper. If 2.0 g of
excess aluminium is reacted with 0.06 mole of copper (ll) oxide. Find the mass of aluminium left
after the reaction? [RAM Al, 27]

2
 PART 2.2

CHEMICAL FORMULA is a representation of a chemical substance using letters for atoms and
subscript number to show the numbers of each type of atoms that are presents in the substances.
Exm; H₂, Hydrogen gas.

The chemical formula of compound shows all elements that are present in the compound and
number of atoms of each element. Exm; H₂O, water.

Compounds can be represented by two types of chemical formulae, namely the empirical formulae
and the molecular formula.

EMPIRICAL FORMULAE are the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the
compound.

MOLECULAR FORMULAE is the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a
molecule of the compound

Molecular formula = (Empirical formula) n

WAY TO DETERMINE EMPIRICAL FORMULA OF A COMPOUND

Find the simplest ration moles of the elements

Find the mass of each elementConvert

in the compound
the masses to numbers of moles of atoms

1) When 11.95 g of metal X oxide is reduced by hydrogen, 10.35 g of metal X is produced. Find
the empirical formula of metal X oxide [RAM; X, 207; O, 16]

Element X O

Mass of element(g)

Number of moles of atoms

Ratio of moles

Simplest ratio of moles

2) A certain compound contains the following composition: Na 15.23%, Br 52.98%, O 31.79%,

3
[ RAM : O, 16; Na, 23; Br,80] (Assume that 100g of substance is used)

Structured Question

a) What is the meaning of empirical formula?

[1mark]

b) Diagram shows an incomplete equation which is one of the steps involved in determining the
empirical formula. Complete this equation.

Mass =

Relative atomic [1mark]

c) Diagram below shows the apparatus set up for two methods used to determine the empirical
formula of two compounds.

i) What method is suitable to be used to determine the empirical formula of magnesium

oxide?

[1mark]

ii) Why did you choose the method in 3 (c) (i)?

[1mark]

iii) Why the crucible lid need to be opened once a while when conducting experiment using
method 1?

[1mark]

d) Diagram show the results for an experiment

Mass to determine
of combustion thegempirical formula of lead oxide
tube = 64.00

Mass of combustion tube + lead oxide

= 117.52 g

Mass of combustion tube + lead

=113.68 g 4
Based on this diagram determine the empirical formula of lead oxide?

[5 mark]