GREEK

1.) Chersiphron (/krsfrn/; Greek: ; fl. 6th century BC), an architect

of Knossos in ancient Crete, was the builder of theTemple of Artemis at Ephesus, on the Ionian coast.
The temple had been begun about 600 BC, and was completed by other architects.
Chersiphron and his son Metagenes were co-authors of its building.
The Artemision was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World in each of its three
manifestations: it was destroyed in 550 BC, rebuilt, burned by Herostratus in 356 BC and rebuilt
again.
The architect's name is recalled in Vitruvius, and in a passage of Pliny as "Ctesiphon", perhaps
in confusion with the great Parthian cityof the same name on the river Tigris.

TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS

2.) Theodorus of Samos (Greek: ) was a 6th-century BC ancient

Greek sculptor and architect from the Greek island of Samos. Along withRhoecus, he was often
credited with the invention of ore smelting and, according to Pausanias, the craft of casting. He is also
credited with inventing a water level, a carpenter's square, and, according to Pliny, a lock and
key and the turning lathe. According to Vitruvius (vii, introduction), Theodorus is the architect of
the Doric Order temple Heraion of Samos temple. In some texts he is described, above all, as a great
artist and in some statues he is depicted as a great inventor.

TEMPLE OF HERA. OLYMPIA, GREECE. 590 B.C.

Also known as Heraion, the Temple of Hera is an ancient Doric Greek temple that was destroyed by
an earthquake in the early 4th century A.D. and was never rebuilt. Today, the ruined temple is where
the torch of the Olympic flames is located and lit. This temple was dedicated to Hera, a female deity
in Greek religion.
3.) Libon was a 5th-century BC architect of Ancient Greece. Born in Elis, he built the Doric temple to
Zeus at Olympia in about 460 BC. Libon, through his work on the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, is said
to have inspired the technique and design of the Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis though this
was obviously later and more perfected.

THE TEMPLE OF ZEUS. OLYMPIA, GREECE. 460 B.C.

Designed by Libon of Elis, the Temple of Zeus at Olympia was an ancient Greek temple dedicated to
the chief of the gods; Zeus. It was built between 472 B.C. and 456 B.C. and served as the very model
of the fully developed classical Greek temple of the Doric order. It had carved metopes and triglyph
friezes, as well as pediments filled with sculptures in the Severe Style.
4.) Callicrates (/klkrtiz/; Greek: , Kallikrats) was an ancient Greek architect active
in the middle of the fifth century BC. He and Ictinus were architectsof
the Parthenon (Plutarch, Pericles, 13). An inscription identifies him as the architect of "the Temple
of Nike" in the Sanctuary of Athena Nike on the Acropolis The temple in question is either
the amphiprostyle Temple of Athena Nike now visible on the site or a small-scale predecessor
(naiskos) whose remains were found in the later temple's foundations. An inscription identifies
Callicrates as one of the architects of the Classical circuit wall of the Acropolis , and Plutarch further
states (loc. cit.) that he contracted to build the Middle of three amazing walls
linking Athens and Piraeus.

THE PARTHENON. ATHENS, GREECE. 447 B.C. 432 B.C.

Considered as the most renowned of all Greek temples, the Parthenon is one of the most influential
buildings in the world of architecture. It was dedicated to Pericles by Ictinus and Callicrates and was
ornamented with sculpture under the direction of Pheidias. The hypostyle naos of this temple
contained a colossal statue of Athena.
5.) Parmenion was an architect, who was employed by Alexander the Great in the building
of Alexandria. He was entrusted with the superintendence of the works of sculpture, especially in the
temple of Serapis (Serapium), which came to be called by his name Parmenionis. Clement of
Alexandria, however, ascribes the great statue of Serapis to Bryaxis. He is also mentioned
by Vitruvius.

TEMPLE OF SERAPIS

6.) Dinocrates of
Rhodes (also Deinocrates, Dimocrates, Cheirocrates and Stasicrates; Greek:
, fl. last quarter of the 4th century BC) was a Greek architect and technical adviser
for Alexander the Great. He is known for his plan for the city of Alexandria, the monumental funeral
pyre for Hephaestion and the reconstruction of theTemple of Artemis at Ephesus, as well as other
works

TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS. CORFU, GREECE.

One of the most ancient edifices in Corfu, Greece, the Temple of Artemis was built and dedicated to
Artemis and functioned as a sanctuary. It is known as the first Doric temple that was exclusively built
with stone and the first building to have integrated all the elements of the Doric architectural style.
7.) Ictinus (/ktans/; Greek: , Iktinos) was an architect active in the mid 5th century
BC. Ancient sources identify Ictinus and Callicrates as co-architects of the Parthenon.
Pausanias identifies Ictinus as architect of the Temple of Apollo at Bassae. That temple was Doric on
the exterior, Ionic on the interior, and incorporated aCorinthian column, the earliest known, at the
center rear of the cella. Sources also identify Ictinus as architect of the Telesterion at Eleusis, a
gigantic hall used in the Eleusinian Mysteries.

TEMPLE OF APOLLO AT BASSAE

8.) Phaeax (Greek: ) was a celebrated architect of Agrigentum, who flourished about 480 BCE,
and executed several important public works for his native city. Among the most remarkable of these
works were the sewers, which were named after the architect.

9.) Mnesikles (Greek: ; Latin transliteration: Mnesicles) was an

ancient Athenian architect active in the mid 5th century BCE, the age of Pericles.

Plutarch (Pericles, 13) identifies him as architect of the Propylaea, the Periclean gateway to
the Athenian Acropolis.

PROPYLAEA

10.) Aelius Nicon was a Greek architect and builder in 2nd century AD Pergamon. Nicon is known
only as the father of the ancient anatomist and philosopher, Galen.
Nicon was a mathematician, architect, astronomer, philosopher, and devotee of Greek literature.
Nicon closely supervised Galen's education and tutored him at home, intending his son to study
philosophy or politics. However according to Galen, Nicon was visited in a dream by Asclepius, Greek
god of healing, who told to him to allow his son to study medicine. Galen soon began his studies at
the major sanctuary of Asclepius located in Pergamon.

PERGAMON

11.)

Philon, Athenian architect of the 4th century BC, is known as the planner of two important works:
the portico of twelve Doric columns to the great Hall of the Mysteries at Eleusis (work commissioned
by Demetrius Phalereus about 318 BC) and, under the administration of Lycurgus, an arsenal at
Athens.[1] Of the last we have exact knowledge from an inscription. E. A. Gardner observes that it "is
perhaps known to us more in detail than any other lost monument of antiquity." [2] It was to hold the
rigging of the galleys; and was so contrived that all its contents were visible from a central hall, and so
liable to the inspection of the Athenian democracy. He is known to have written books on the Athenian
arsenal and on the proportions of temple buildings, [3] but these are now lost.
Vitruvius (vii, introduction) quotes Philon on the proportions of temples, and on the naval arsenal
which was at the port of Piraeus.
Philon's arsenal was destroyed by the forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla in the Roman conquest of
Athens in 86 BC.

THE PORTICO OF TWELVE DORIC COLUMNS TO THE GREAT HALL OF THE

MYSTERIES AT ELEUSIS

12.) Pythius, also known as Pytheos or Pythis, was a Greek architect of the 4th century BCE. He
built the Temple of Athena Polias cited by Vitruvius (I.1.12): "Pythius, the celebrated builder of the
temple of Minerva at Priene".
Pythius disparaged the Doric order, according to Vitruvius (IV.3.1), for the "faults and incongruities"
caused by the inconvenient placing of triglyphs,[2] and cultivated instead the Ionic order used
extensively in Asia Minor. The dedicatory inscription, of the Temple of Athena which today is in
the British Museum, records that the founder was Alexander the Great.Vitruvius (I.1.12 and
VII.Introduction.12) twice mentions the lost Commentaries of Pythius, which explicated his system of
proportions at Priene.
Pythius and Satyros were the co-designers of the great Mausoleum at Halicarnassus on the Aegean
Sea opposite Greece, with Pythius being credited with the great marble quadriga which surmounted
the mausoleum.

TEMPLE OF ATHENA POLIAS

13.) Satyros or Satyrus was a Greek architect in the 4th century BC. Along with Pythius of Priene, he
designed and oversaw the construction of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.

MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS

14.) Sostratus of Cnidus (/sstrts/; Greek: ; born 3rd century BC), was
a Greek architect and engineer. He designed the lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders
of the Ancient World (c. 280 BC), on the island of Pharos off Alexandria, Egypt.

LIGHTHOUSE OF ALEXANDRIA

15.) Xenarius was a Greek architect and urban planner during the 3rd century BC. He is known for
his plan for the city of Antioch. The grid layout of the city is believed to be influenced
by Dinocrates' plan of Alexandria.
CITY OF ANTIOCH

ROMAN
1.) Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (born c. 8070 BC, died after c. 15 BC), commonly known as Vitruvius,
was a Romanauthor, architect, and civil engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multivolume work entitled De Architectura.
By his own description Vitruvius served as an artilleryman, the third class of arms in the
military offices. He probably served as a senior officer of artillery in charge of doctores
ballistarum (artillery experts) and libratoreswho actually operated the machines.

2.) Apollodorus of Damascus (Greek: ) was a Greek engineer, architect, designer

and sculptor who flourished during the 2nd century AD, from Damascus, Roman Syria.[2]
He also designed the Forum Trajanum and Trajan's Column within the city of Rome, beside several
smaller projects. Apollodorus also designed the triumphal arches of Trajan
at Beneventum and Ancona. He is also widely credited as the architect of the Pantheon, and cited as
the builder of the Alcontar Bridge in Spain. In 106 he also completed or restored the odeon begun in
the Campus Martius under Domitian.

FORUM TRAJANUM

TRAJAN'S COLUMN

details

3.) Lucius Cocceius Auctus (1st century BC and 1st century AD) was a Roman architect employed
by Octavian's strategist (and successor) Agrippa to excavate the subterranean passageways
the crypta neapolitana connecting modern-day Naples and Pozzuoli and the Grotta di
Cocceio connecting Lake Avernus and Cumae. Cocceius was responsible for the conversion of
the Capitolium in Pozzuoli into a Temple of Augustus with the backing of the merchant Lucius
Calpurnius. Cocceius Auctus also built the original Pantheon in Rome.

TEMPLE OF AUGUSTUS

The Temple of Augustus (Croatian: Augustov hram) is a well-preserved Roman temple in the city
of Pula, Croatia(known in Roman times as Pola). Dedicated to the first Roman emperor, Augustus, it
was probably built during the emperor's lifetime at some point between 2 BC and his death in AD
14. It was built on a podium with a tetrastyleprostyle porch of Corinthian columns and measures
about 8 m (26 ft) by 17.3 m (57 ft). The richly decorated frieze is similar to that of a somewhat larger
and older temple, the Maison Carre in Nmes, France.
4.) Lucius Vitruvius Cordo was an ancient Roman architect active in Verona. His only known work
is the Arco dei Gavi, a 1st-century arch in Verona, Italy. The arch is inscribed "Lucius Vitruvius Cerdo,
a freedman of Lucius", which has led to Verona being suggested as the birthplace of the earlier and
better-known architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio.

ARCO DEI GAVI

The Arco dei Gavi is an ancient structure in Verona, northern Italy. It was built by the gens Gavia, a
noble Roman family who had their hometown in Verona, at the beginning of the Via Postumia, the
Roman road leading to the city. During the Middle Ages it was used as a gate in the walls.
5.) Rabirius was an Ancient Roman architect who lived during the 1st and 2nd Century AD. His
designs included the massive Flavian Palace, situated on the Palatine Hill at Rome, and the Alban
Villa at present-day Castel Gandolfo, both erected on a commission by his patron, emperor Domitian.
Domitian's care for the architect may have been mirrored by Vespasian and Titus, his son, as
the Colosseum in Rome (across from the Palatine Hill) resembles his work. It has even been

suggested that he did the Arch of Titus, a commemorative arch next to the Colosseum honoring the
defeat of Jewish nationalism in 79, but the style is not similar enough to make connections past those
suggested by the fame of the monuments, one to the Roman Empire and to Rome, and one to the
defeat of the The Great Revolt in Judea, begun by Vespasian, and completed by his son, the future
Roman Emperor Titus.

FLAVIAN PALACE

The Flavian Palace, also known as Domus Flavia, is a part of the vast residential complex of the
Roman Emperors on the Palatine Hill in Rome. It was completed in 92 AD in the reign of Titus Flavius
Domitianus, more commonly known as the Emperor Domitian, and attributed to his master
architect, Rabirius.
6.) Cyrus was a Greek architect who lived in Rome in the times of Cicero. He died the year 53 BC,
the same day Publius Clodius Pulcher was killed. It is known that he may have never married or had
children even though some resources point that his great-grandchildren were friends of Quintus
Mucius Scaevola. He worked as an architect for Cicero, who mentions him as the author of
outstanding works in Ad familiares 7.14, Ad Atticum 2.3, Ad Quintum 2.21 and Pro Milone 17.

7.) Decriannus was the official architect of the Roman emperor Hadrian, who repaired the Egyptian
city of Alexandria.
8.) Lucius Cocceius Auctus (1st century BC and 1st century AD) was a Roman architect employed
by Octavian's strategist (and successor) Agrippa to excavate the subterranean passageways
the crypta neapolitana connecting modern-day Naples and Pozzuoli and the Grotta di
Cocceio connecting Lake Avernus and Cumae. Cocceius was responsible for the conversion of

the Capitolium in Pozzuoli into a Temple of Augustus with the backing of the merchant Lucius
Calpurnius. Cocceius Auctus also built the original Pantheon in Rome.
THE PANTHEON

The Pantheon (/pnin/ or US /pnin/;Latin: Pantheon) is a building in Rome, Italy,

It is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings. It has been in continuous use
throughout its history, and since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a Roman
Catholic church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs" but informally known as "Santa Maria
Rotonda". The square in front of the Pantheon is called Piazza della Rotonda.

EGYPTIAN
1.) Amenhotep, son of Hapu, was an architect, a priest, a scribe, and a public official, who held a
number of offices under Amenhotep III.
He is said to have been born at the end of Thutmose III's reign, in the town
of Athribis (modern Banha in the north of Cairo). His father was Hapu, and his mother Itu. [1] He was a
priest and a Scribe of Recruits (organizing the labour and supplying the manpower for the Pharaoh's
projects, both civilian and military). He was also an architect and supervised several building projects,
among them Amenhotep III's mortuary temple at westernThebes, of which only two statues remain
nowadays, known as the Colossi of Memnon.

COLOSSI OF MEMNON

The Colossi of Memnon (known to locals as el-Colossat, or es-Salamat) are two massive stone
statues ofPharaoh Amenhotep III. For the past 3400 years (since 1350 BC) they have stood in
the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor.
2.) Imhotep (/mhotp/;] also spelled Immutef, Im-hotep, or Ii-em-Hotep; called Imuthes ()
by the Greeks; fl. 27th century BC (c. 26502600 BC); Egyptian: -m-h tp *j-im-h tap meaning "the
one who comes in peace, is with peace") was an Egyptian polymath[2] who served under the Third
Dynasty king Djoser as chancellor to thepharaoh and high priest of the sun god Ra (or Re)
at Heliopolis. He is considered by some to be the earliest
known architect and engineer and physician in early history, though two other physicians, HesyRa andMerit-Ptah, lived around the same time. The full list of his titles is:
Chancellor of the King of Egypt, Doctor, First in line after the King of Upper Egypt,
Administrator of the Great Palace, Hereditary nobleman, High Priest of Heliopolis, Builder,
Chief Carpenter, Chief Sculptor, and Maker of Vases in Chief.

PYRAMID OF DJOSER

THE STEP PYRAMID AT SAQQARA

The Pyramid of Djoser (or Zoser), or step pyramid (kbhw-ntrw in Egyptian) is an archeological remain
in theSaqqara necropolis, Egypt, northwest of the city of Memphis. It was built during the 27th century
BC for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser by Imhotep, his vizier. It is the central feature of a
vast mortuary complex in an enormous courtyard surrounded by ceremonial structures and
decoration.
3.) Senenmut (sometimes spelled Senmut or Senmout) was an 18th dynasty ancient
Egyptian architect and government official. His name translates literally as "mother's brother."

MORTUARY TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUT

The Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, the Djeser-Djeseru ("Holy of Holies"), is located
beneath the cliffs at Deir el Bahari on the west bank of the Nile near the Valley of the Kings in Egypt.
The mortuary temple is dedicated to the sun godAmon-Ra and is located next to the mortuary temple
of Mentuhotep II, which served both as an inspiration, and later, a quarry. It is considered one of the
"incomparable monuments of ancient Egypt."