Beruflich Dokumente
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Topic 6 Questions
1.
The reaction between NO2 and F2 gives the following rate data at a certain temperature.
What is the order of reaction with respect to NO2 and F2?
3
[NO2]/mol dm
2.
3.
[F2]/mol dm
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.2
NO2 order
F2 order
A.
first
first
B.
first
second
C.
second
first
D.
second
second
B.
C.
D.
II.
III.
Doubling the concentration of A would have the same effect on the rate of reaction
as doubling the concentration of B.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
4.
5.
Values of a rate constant, k, and absolute temperature, T, can be used to determine the activation
energy of a reaction by a graphical method. Which graph produces a straight line?
A.
k versus T
B.
1
T
k versus
C.
ln k versus T
D.
1
T
ln k versus
6.
A.
mol dm min
B.
mol dm min
C.
mol dm min
D.
mol dm min
1
1
7.
A.
B.
C.
12
D.
18
A reaction occurs in four steps. The steps and their rates are shown in the table
Step
Rate
3 1
0.01 mol dm s
0.10 mol dm s
3 1
Step 1
B.
Step 2
C.
Step 3
D.
Step 4
8.
rate = k[CH3Br][OH ]
Which is a possible unit for k?
9.
10.
B.
mol dm min
D.
mol dm min
A.
mol dm min
C.
mol dm min
1
1
What happens to the rate constant (k) and activation energy (Ea) of a reaction when the
temperature is increased?
A.
B.
C.
D.
11.
A.
X2Y4 2XY2
B.
2XY2 X2 + 2Y2
C.
2XY2 2XY + Y2
D.
X2Y4 2XY + Y2
In the presence of S2O3 (aq) and starch solution, the time taken for a blue colour to form was
observed at various reactant concentrations.
Experiment
[H2O2] / mol dm
[I ] / mol dm
[H ] / mol dm
Time / s
0.10
0.12
0.01
25
0.05
0.12
0.01
50
0.10
0.06
0.01
100
H2O2
A.
B.
1
2
1
4
C.
1
3
D.
12.
13.
Which statement is correct about the rate expression for a chemical reaction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
slow
fast
14.
15.
A.
B.
rate = k[NO2][F2]
C.
rate = k[NO2][F]
D.
rate = k[NO2]
The activation energy, of a reaction can be obtained from the rate constant, k, and the absolute
temperature, T. Which graph of these quantities produces a straight line?
A.
k against T
B.
1
k against T
C.
ln k against T
D.
1
ln k against T
What is the order of reaction with respect to NO2(g) and F2(g) given the following rate data at a
certain temperature?
[NO2(g)] / mol dm
[F2(g)] / mol dm
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.2
16.
A.
first
first
B.
first
second
C.
second
first
D.
second
second
(a)
Initial [NO] /
3
mol dm
0.100
0.100
2.5310
0.100
0.200
5.0510
0.200
0.100
10.1010
0.300
0.100
22.8010
dm
Initial rate /
3 1
mol N2 dm s
(b)
(c)
Calculate the value for the rate constant, including its units.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)
State and explain whether this mechanism agrees with the experimental rate expression
in (b).
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(4)
(e)
Explain why a single step mechanism is unlikely for a reaction of this kind.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(f)
Deduce how the initial rate of formation of H2O(g) compares with that of N2(g) in
experiment 1. Explain your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 14 marks)
17.
(a)
3 1
Experiment
3.5010
1.7510
3.7510
3.5010
3.5010
7.5010
7.0010
7.0010
6.0010
(b)
(c)
(d)
Calculate the value of the rate constant and state the units.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(2)
(e)
Suggest a possible mechanism that is consistent with the rate expression. Indicate which
of the steps is the rate-determining step.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 8 marks)
18.
0 .1 0
0 .0 9
0 .0 8
0 .0 7
[A ] /
m ol dm
0 .0 6
3
0 .0 5
0 .0 4
0 .0 3
0 .0 2
0 .0 1
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
T im e / s
(a)
(b)
(c)
Deduce the order of the reaction with respect to A, giving a reason for your choice, and
write the rate expression for the reaction.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(3)
(d)
19.
1 4 .0
1 0 .0
[H I] / m o l d m
1 0 2
1 2 .0
8 .0
6 .0
4 .0
2 .0
(a)
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
T im e / s e c
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
1 6 0
Use the graph to deduce the order of reaction with respect to HI. Give a reason for your
answer.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
The order with respect to H2O2 is the same as HI. Deduce the rate expression for this
reaction.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Determine the half-life of the reaction from the graph and calculate the value for the rate
constant.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
9
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
20.
(a)
The table below shows kinetic data for the following reaction
C+DE+F
(i)
Initial rate
3
1
/ mol dm min
Experiment
[C] / mol dm
2.010
3.010
1.010
4.010
3.010
2.010
6.010
6.010
3.010
[D] / mol dm
Deduce the order of reaction with respect to both C and D, giving a reason in each
case.
C ......................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
D ......................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
(4)
(ii)
(iii)
Use data from Experiment 1 to calculate a value for the rate constant for this
reaction and deduce its units.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
Define the term half-life and calculate the half-life for a first-order reaction with a rate
2
1
constant of 3.310 min .
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
10
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
21.
(a)
Experiment
Initial [NO] /
3
mol dm
Initial [H2] /
0.100
0.100
25310
0.100
0.200
5.0510
0.200
0.100
1.0110
0.300
0.100
2.2810
mol dm
Initial rate /
3 1
mol (N2) dm s
6
Determine the order of reaction with respect to H2 and with respect to NO.
H2 ................................................................................................................................
NO ..............................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
(c)
Calculate the value for the rate constant, and state its units using the data from
experiment 1.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)
fast step
slow step
fast step
State and explain whether this mechanism agrees with the experimental rate expression in
(b).
.....................................................................................................................................
11
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(4)
(e)
Explain why a single step mechanism is unlikely for a reaction of this kind.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(f)
Deduce and explain how the initial rate of formation of H 2O compares with that of N2.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 13 marks)
22.
(i)
Experiment
0.25
0.25
1010
0.50
0.25
4.010
0.50
0.50
8.010
(ii)
Deduce the order of reaction with respect to both X and Y. Explain your reasoning.
..
..
12
..
..
..
..
(4)
(iii)
Write the rate expression for the reaction and calculate the rate constant, including its
units.
..
..
..
..
(4)
(iv)
Calculate the initial rate of reaction when the initial concentrations of X and Y are 0.40
3
3
mol dm and 0.60 mol dm respectively.
..
..
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
23.
R a te
[O 2 (g )]
(a)
(2)
(b)
In a series of experiments, the initial [O2(g)] was kept constant while the initial [NO(g)]
was varied. The results showed that the reaction was second order with respect to NO.
13
Sketch a graph to show how the rate of reaction would change if the initial
[NO(g)] was increased.
(2)
(c)
(1)
(d)
State and explain what would happen to the initial rate of reaction if the initial
concentration of NO was doubled and that of O2 was halved.
(3)
(e)
When the initial values are [O2(g)] = 1.010 mol dm and [NO(g)] = 3.010 mol dm
3
3 1
, the initial rate of reaction is 6.310 mol dm s . Write the rate expression for this
reaction and calculate the rate constant, stating its units.
(4)
(Total 12 marks)
24.
The compound iodine chloride, ICl, reacts with hydrogen to form iodine and hydrogen chloride.
(i)
(ii)
The kinetics of this reaction were studied at a certain temperature, when all the reactants
and products were in the gas phase. The table shows the initial rate of reaction for
different concentrations of reactants.
Experiment
[ICl] / mol dm
[H2] / mol dm
0.100
0.0500
5.0010
0.200
0.0500
1.0010
0.200
0.0250
2.5010
14
Deduce and explain the order of reaction with respect to ICl and to H 2.
(4)
(iii)
(iv)
Use information from Experiment 1 to determine the value, with units, of the rate
constant for the reaction.
(2)
(v)
Determine the rate of reaction when the concentrations of reactants in Experiment 1 are
both doubled.
(1)
(Total 9 marks)
25.
(a)
The variation of the rate constant, k, for a reaction with temperature is shown by the
Arrhenius equation. Two versions of this equation are shown in Table 1 of the Data
Booklet.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Describe how, using a graphical method, values of A and Ea can be obtained for a
reaction.
(5)
(b)
Explain the difference between the terms homogeneous and heterogeneous when
applied to a catalyst.
(1)
(ii)
Draw an enthalpy level diagram for this reaction, including labels for H , Ea and
the activation energy when a catalyst is used, Ecat.
(4)
(Total 12 marks)
26.
H = negative
The data below were obtained for the reaction between NO(g) and Br 2(g) at a specified
temperature and pressure.
Experiment
1
5.0010
3 1
15
(a)
2.0010
2.5010
1.6010
4.0010
5.0010
1.3010
Determine, giving a reason, the order of reaction with respect to NO and the order of
reaction with respect to Br2.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
(c)
Calculate the rate constant for the rate expression using experiment 1 and state its units.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)
If the total volume of the reaction mixture was doubled at constant temperature, state the
effect, if any, on
(i)
(ii)
(e)
Draw a labelled enthalpy level diagram for the reaction between NO(g) and Br 2(g), with
and without the use of a catalyst.
16
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
27.
(i)
The reaction between propanone, CH3COCH3 and bromine, Br2 in the presence of acid,
+
H , is found to be second order overall, but the rate is independent of the bromine
concentration. Write three possible rate expressions for the reaction.
(3)
(ii)
The concentration of each of the three reactants was doubled in three separate
experiments. Choose one of the rate expressions in (i) and predict the effect on the rate of
the reaction of each of these changes.
(2)
(iii)
The graph below shows how the concentration of propanone changes with time in a
reaction.
1 .8
1 .6
1 .4
1 .2
C o n c e n tra tio n
/ m o l d m 1
1 .0
0 .8
0 .6
0 .4
0 .2
0 .0
0 .0
5 .0
1 0 .0
1 5 .0
2 0 .0
2 5 .0
3 0 .0
3 5 .0
4 0 .0
T im e / s
17
Use the graph to confirm that the reaction is first order with respect to propanone
showing your working.
(2)
(iv)
H (aq)
CH3COCH3(aq) + Br2(aq) CH3COCH2Br(aq) + HBr(aq)
Describe one observation that would allow you to follow the progress of the reaction.
State and explain the role of the acid in the reaction.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)
IB Chemistry HL
Topic 6 Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
D
D
5.
6.
B
B
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
A
18
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
(a)
(b)
(c)
mol
3 1
1
3 2
6 1
dm s ;
ECF from (b).
(d)
agrees/yes;
slow step depends on X and NO;
X depends on H2 and NO;
(so) NO is involved twice and H2 once;
Overall equation matches the stoichiometric equation;
Award [1] each for any three of the four above.
OWTTE
ECF for no, depending on answer for (b).
Or
agrees/yes;
X
H 2 NO
and
= constant;
rate of slow step = k [X][NO]
2
= k [H2][NO] ;
2
[14]
17.
(a)
(b)
(c)
19
3.75 10 3
2 2
(3.50 10 ) (1.75 10 )
(d)
1.75 10 2 ;
2 1
dm mol s ;
Award [1] mark for the answer and [1] mark for units.
Allow ECF from part (c).
(e)
NO + NO
N2O2;
N2O2 + O2 2NO2;
second step is rate determining step;
Allow ECF from part (c).
OR
NO + O2
NO3;
NO3 + NO 2NO2;
second step is rate determining step;
Allow ECF from part (c).
3
[8]
18.
(a)
(b)
1000 s;
1000 s;
2
Accept 900-1100 s.
(c)
first order;
constant half-life;
rate = k[A];
3
Allow ECF for rate expression from stated order.
(d)
3.75 10 5
rate
/
;
[D]2 [E] (1.35 10 2 ) 3
= 15.2;
Accept answer in range 15.2 to 15.3.
mol
dm min ;
3
[9]
19.
(a)
(b)
first order;
constant half-life;
rate = k[HI][H2O2];
ECF from(a).
20
(c)
47 sec;
Accept answer in range 45 to 49.
t 1 0.693 0.015 ;
k
2
20.
(a)
(i)
(C)
first order;
doubling [C] doubles rate/OWTTE;
(D)
zero order;
changing [D] has no effect on rate/OWTTE;
(ii)
(iii)
rate 1.0 10 6
/
;
3
[
C
]
2
.
0
10
k=
4
= 5.010 ;
1
min ;
3
Apply ECF from (a)(ii).
(b)
1
t 2 ( = 0.6930.033) = 21 min;
Units needed for second mark.
2
[10]
21.
(a)
(b)
rate = k[H2][NO] ;
ECF from (a).
(c)
(d)
3 1
1
3
3 2
agrees/yes;
21
(f)
2
[13]
(i)
(iii)
(iv)
[11]
23.
(a)
1/first order;
rate is (directly) proportional to concentration of oxygen/OWTTE;
(b)
22
ra te
[N O (g )]
correct axes;
correct shape curve;
(c)
3/third order;
Allow ECF from (a) and (b).
(d)
(e)
rate
6.3 10 4
= 70;
2
6 1
mol dm s ;
Allow ECF.
State symbols not needed.
[12]
24.
(i)
2ICl + H2 I2 + 2HCl;
(ii)
ICl order
1;
because doubling [ICl] doubles rate (when [H2] constant);
H2 order
2;
because halving [H2] quarters rate (when [ICl] constant);
or doubling [H2] quadruples rate (when [ICl] constant);
2
(iii)
rate = k [ICl][H2] ;
ECF from (ii).
(iv)
mol
4
1
6 1
dm s ;
ECF from (iii).
23
(v)
3 1
(mol dm
s );
1
[9]
25.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
1
1
(ii)
1
4
E
E
cat
C H 2C H 2 C l2
C H 2 C lC H 2C l
OR
cat
C H 2 C H 2 C l2
H
C H 2C lC H 2 C l
Ea label;
Ecat label;
[12]
26.
(a)
(b)
(c)
3.2010
2 2
= k(2.0010 ) 5.0010
1
3
k = 1.6010 ;
6
dm mol
(d)
2 1
s ;
Allow ECF from (b).
(i)
(ii)
2
1
1
(e)
25
E a(c a t)
H R /E R
E n th a lp y o f
re a c ta n ts
w ith o u t c a ta ly s t
w ith c a ta ly s t
H P/E P
E n th a lp y o f
p ro d u c ts
T im e
curve clearly showing Ea without catalyst (Ea);
curve clearly showing Ea with catalyst (Ea(cat));
labelling for x axis;
Accept time/progress of reaction/course of reaction/OWTTE.
Award [2 max] if an enthalpy level diagram for an endothermic
reaction has been correctly drawn.
[10]
27.
(i)
rate = k[CH3COCH3][H ];
2
rate = k[CH3COCH3] ;
+ 2
rate = k[H ] ;
(ii)
3
+
26
OR
+
constant half-life;
at least two sets of data to justify statement;
e.g. [ ] from 1.6 to 0.8 mol dm , 10s; 0.8 to 0.4, 10s; 0.4 to 0.2,
10s.
(iv)
4
[11]
27