Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Poverty is a major concern in all levels of society
both locally and internationally.

The

effects

of

it

are

very visible in nature. Poverty affects the daily lives of

the Filipinos and this causes many Filipinos to not pursue
their education; even children are forced to work in their
very young age just to be able to surpass their daily needs.
The nutrition of many children is also greatly affected and
sacrificed due to poverty.
As

stated

in

1987

Constitution

under

Article

III,

section 9, the state shall promote a just and dynamic social

order. This is accomplished through policies that provide
adequate social services, promote full employment, raising
standard of living and an improved quality of life for all.
The perennial problem of poverty in society drew many
nations to come together to come together to combat this
form and social menace that inevitably mushroomed through
the years the eventually requires global solution.

This is why the National government of the Philippines

with

partnership

of

Department

of

Social

Welfare

and

Development designed a conditional cash transfer program,

the

Ahon

Pamilyang

"Pantawid

Pilipino

Pamilyang

and

Pilipino

was

later

Program"

renamed

(4Ps)

as

under

Administrative Order No. 16, series of 2008 (A.O. No. 16, s.

2008). The

poorest

household

in

the

municipalities

are

selected through the National Household Targeting System for

Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR), and this qualified households
receives

subsidy

of

Php

1,400

per

month

in

order

to

improve their health, nutrition and education.

The 4Ps has been implemented since January 2008. It has
become nationwide after going through a piloted program mode
between June to December 2007 under Arroyo administration.
This program operates in 79 provinces covering 1,261
municipalities

and

138

key

cities

in

all

17

regions

nationwide. This is also launched in municipality of Narra

in

late

2011,

covering

total

has

objectives,

number

of

3,912

which

are

social

beneficiaries.
This

program

dual

assistance and social development. Social assistance would

mean providing social assistance to the poor in order to

alleviate their immediate need or in other words, providing

a

short-term

poverty

alleviation

system,

while

social

development is a process of breaking the intergenerational

poverty cycle through investments in human capital.
But as the program begun to be implemented, issues also
arises

querying

its

capabilities

on

eradicating

poverty

among poor families.

One of the primary critics of this program is the
Katipunan

ng

Damayang

Mahihirap

(KADAMAY),

an

urban

poor-based people's organization, stated that the 4Ps

is a "deceitful program since the government even has
to

borrow

US$400

million

from

the

Asian

Development

Bank (ADB) to fund the program." Kadamay has earlier

warned the government against incurring further debt to
fund

its

antipoverty

programs,

saying

that

this

will

prove more harmful to the country in the long run.

They presented its critique of the 4Ps program as
follows:
First, as the 4Ps program is construed at present,
it is sorely insufficient; second, the necessary social
infrastructure to make CCT programs meaningful is not
in

place

and

lastly,

as

mentioned,

the

new

debt

incurred for the 4Ps program will inevitably redound to

further hardship for the poor.
Another recurring criticism of the program is that
it discourages the search for employment and eventually
encourages

laziness

among

the

poor

people

under

this

premise; many people would give up trying finding a job

and being contented to live on the program.
With the advent of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
in

Narra

upon

knowing

the

possible

advantages

and

disadvantages of the program, we come up with this study

focusing on the socio-economic status of the beneficiaries
of

Poblacion,

Narra,

Palawan

before

and

during

the

implementation of the program. Some questions crop up in our

minds if there is a difference in the past and present
socio-economic status of the people. What are the gains and
possibilities of the program towards poverty reduction in
the Philippine? Is the program really and effectively help
the poor break away from the so-called cycle of poverty? Or
its better to exploit other programs which have the same
intentions with 4Ps?

Statement of the problem

This study aims to determine the socio-economic status

of the beneficiaries of barangay Poblacion, Narra, Palawan
before and during the implementation of the Pantawid Pamilya
Pilipino Program.
Specifically,

it

will

seek

to

answer

the

following

questions:
1. What

is

the

beneficiaries
Pantawid

socio-economic
before

Pamilyang

the

Pilipino

status

of

the

implementation

of

Program

in

(4Ps)

terms of:
1.1

Sources of income;

1.2

Occupation;

1.3

Household Head income; and

1.4

Other sources of income?

2. What

is

the

beneficiaries

socio-economic
during

the

status

of

implementation

Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program in terms of:

2.1

Sources of income;

2.2

Occupation;

the
of

2.3

Household Head income; and

2.4

Other sources of income?

3. What

is

the

effect

of

Pantawid

Pamilya

Pilipino

Program in terms of:

3.1

Health;

3.2

Education; and

3.3

Poverty Alleviation?

4. Is there any significant difference on the socioeconomic

status

of

the

beneficiaries

before

and

during the implementation of the Pantawid Pamilya

Pilipino Program?

Significance of the study

The

researchers

will

conduct

this

study

to

determine how effective the implemented program and if

there is any progress in the socio-economic status of
the

beneficiaries

development

of

and

for

them

socio-economic

to

determine

status

of

the
the

beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program

in barangay Poblacion, Narra, Palawan.
To the implementing agencies, this study will serve as
additional information that may determine the development of
the implemented program. This will prove whether the program
is well implemented and were beneficiaries benefited from it
and if there is any progress in terms of socio-economic
development of the beneficiaries.
To the respondent, the output of this study may help
them know the development of the implemented program that
they belong. And put their mind in reality on where these
programs are for.
To

the

researchers,

this

study

will

widen

their

understanding and views towards the topic. This study will

also

offer

them

knowledgeable

experience

that

will

enlighten their perception upon gathering of actual data

and activities that will contribute to their involvement in
public and civil affairs.
To other researchers, this study will serve as basis
and

guide

improvement

that
of

will
the

provide

study

them

related

to

information
this.

It

for
may

the
also

encourage them as they read it to conduct the same study

with wider scope using other variables.

Scope and delimitation

The

investigation

will

be

delimited

in

terms

of

problem, locale, population and duration.

Problem.
status

of

The study will focus on the socio-economic

the

beneficiaries

before

and

during

the

implementation of the Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program in

terms of Health, Education and Poverty Alleviation.
Locale.

The researchers will conduct this study in

Poblacion, Narra, Palawan.

Population.
forty

eight

(248)

This

study

will

beneficiaries

of

involve
Barangay

two

hundred

Poblacion,

Narra, Palawan.
Duration. This study will start on March 2013 and will
be completed on August 2013.

Chapter II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presents the review of related literature

and studies to further reinforce and substantiate the study.

Review of related Literature

Literature and studies written by Filipino authors and

researchers
researchers

have

been

knowledge

indicated
about

the

alleviation, health and education.

to

strengthen

programs

on

the

poverty

10

Poverty

remains

serious

problem

for

the

Filipino

family. There is a continuing struggle to meet minimum basic

needs.
The

poor

socioeconomic

condition

of

many

Filipino

families has been a major social concern. In 1997, 32.1

percent of families were living below the official poverty
threshold. Many Filipino families thus remain vulnerable to
the

various

stresses

caused

by

the

cycle

of

poverty.

Inadequacies in meeting the basic needs for human survival,

like

safe

water,

food,

clothing,

safe

shelter,

basic

education, and medical care.

For much of history, poverty was considered largely
unavoidable

as

insufficient

to

traditional
give

an

modes

entire

standard

of

production

population

were

comfortable

of

living.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty#Poverty_reduction)
The government planned to eradicate poverty as stated
in the Philippines Development Plan (PDP). The PDP for the
next six years are an annual economic growth of 7-8% and the
achievement
Under

the

of
MDGs,

the Millennium
Philippines

Development

committed

Goals (MDGs).

itself

to

halving

extreme poverty from a 33.1% in 1991 to 16.6% by 2015.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Philippines)

11

On 1998, as one step on eradicating poverty, the Senate

and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress
enacted Republic Act No. 8425 Or an Act Institutionalizing
the Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Program, Creating
for

the

Purpose

the

National

Anti-Poverty

Commission,

Defining Its Powers and Functions, And for Other Purposes.

The Philippine government created the National AntiPoverty

Commission (NAPC)

Republic

of

as

the Philippines

government
which

agency

of

the

coordinates poverty

reduction programs by national and local governments and

ensures that marginalized sectors participate in government
decision-making processes.
The
series

social
of

reform

agenda

consultation

(SRA),

with

the

formulated

basic

through

sectors,

aims

a
to

empower families, basic sectors and communities to access

themselves and control resources and services towards the
meeting of their minimum basic needs. The ultimate objective
of the SRA is the improvement of the quality of life of the
ordinary
minimum

Filipino,
basic

and

needs

of

it

can

only

Filipino

be

attain

families

are

when

the

met.

The

minimum basic needs approach is a strategy of prioritizing

primary requirements to ensure that the basic needs for

12

survival, security from physical harm and enabling needs of

the individual, family and community are attended to.
Another anti- poverty program through the initiative of
the administration of Former President Gloria MacapagalArroyo has been made. The Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan
(KALAHI) program. The project will assist the government in
strengthening
(LGUs)

to

the

capability

design,

of

implement,

local
and

government

manage

units

development

activities. Such activities may include basic infrastructure

like

new

schools

or
and

rehabilitated
clinics,

and

roads

and

bridges,

water

supply

and

barangay

sanitation

facilities.
The core project principles are as follows:
1. Localized decision-making. Decisions on community subprojects will be made by barangay residents and their
representatives.
2. Transparency. Every aspect of project decision-making
will be known to local communities and each peso spent
will be accounted for on public information boards and
independently
monitored
by
nongovernment
organizations (NGOs) and media groups.
3. Social inclusiveness. The entire community, not just a
few families, will have the opportunity to be involved
in
planning
and
decisionmaking
processes.
Competition.
Participating
barangays
will
submit
project proposals to an inter-barangay forum for
selection based on criteria like number of poor
beneficiaries and technical soundness of the proposal.
4. Demand-driven poverty reduction. Options for communitydriven projects are based on an open menu, but projects
with negative environmental or social impacts will not
be funded.

13

5. The DSWD
project.

will

be

the

implementing

agency

for

the

(http://www.macapagal.com/gma/initiatives/kalahi.php)
Moreover, making employment opportunities available is
just as important as increasing income and access to basic
needs. The Sustainable Livelihood Program (formerly SEA-K)
provides just about that opportunity. The SEA-K project is a
community-based

micro-financing

project

which

builds

abilities of people's organizations to self-administer a

socialized

credit

system.

Project

components

are

social

preparation, capital assistance, savings mobilization and

access to other social services. For this project, 2,184
SEA-K Associations were extended capital support benefiting
61,879

families.

Each

family-beneficiary

was

given

P5,

000.00 capital assistance for its chosen livelihood project.

The

Comprehensive

and

Integrated

Delivery

of Social

Services (CIDSS) is the flagship program to fight poverty in

the 5th and 6th class municipalities nationwide including
urban

communities.

It

uses

the

four-pronged

approach

of

community organizing, total family approach, convergence and

focus targeting. More than one million family-beneficiaries
benefited from the package of CIDSS project during her term
as Secretary of DSWD.

14

(http://www.fo10.dswd.gov.ph/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=444:dswds-sustainablelivelihood-program-providing-hope-to-startingentrepreneurs&catid=65:articles)
Education is often out reach for poor families, who
faced formidable barriers of access and cost in trying to
send children to school. Attendance by primary and junior
secondary schools are supposed to be compulsory and free.
(Narayan and Petesch,2002)
Filipinos have a deep regard for education, which they
view as a primary avenue for upward social and economic
mobility. Filipinos believe that education is one key to
eradicate

poverty.

(http://countrystudies.us/philippines/53.htm)
The 1987 Constitution (Art. II, Sec. 17) stipulates
that the State shall give priority to education, science
and

technology,

arts,

culture

and

sports

to

foster

patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress and

promote total human liberation and development. To further
strengthen the education policy of the government, Art. XIV,
Sec. 5 of the Constitution expressly provides that the
State

shall

assign

the

highest

education

priority

to

education and ensure that teaching will attract and retain

15

its rightful share of the best talents through adequate

remuneration

and

other

means

of

job

satisfaction

and

supervision

and

fulfillment.
Previously,
regulation

of

the

administration,

higher

education

rest

on the

Department

of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) through its Bureau

of Higher Education. However, in 1994, two laws were passed
in

Congress:

1)

Republic

Act

No.

7722 creating

the

Commission on Higher Education (CHED); and 2) Republic Act

No.7796

creating

the

Technical

Education

and Skills

Development Authority (TESDA).

TESDA,

an

Labor, is

the

technical

and

agency
one

attached

which

to

the

Department

oversees

the

post-secondary

vocational

education

including

of

skills

orientation, training and development of out-of-school youth

and

unemployed

system

community

governance

and

adults. On

the

policy guidance

other
over

hand,

the

public

and

private higher education institutions as well as degreegranting

programs

institutions
independent

rest
from

in
on

all

post-secondary

CHED,

and

educational

a department-level

co-equal

with

DECS.

agency,
The CHED

coordinates the programs of higher education institutions

and

implements

the

policies

and

standards.

16

(http://www.scribd.com/doc/6822836/THE-PHILIPPINE-EDUCATIONSYSTEM/)
An educational reform which was hailed by students was
R.A

7731

which

abolished

the

National

College

Entrance

Examination, thus repealing P.D No. 146. In lieu of NCEE,

graduating

high

school

students

now

take

the

National

Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT). (Cesar P. Pobre, 2000)

Aside from formulating laws concerning education, the
government also provides several programs and projects to
strengthen its promotion of a quality education.
One
Program

of
which

these
aims

programs
to

is

the

democratize

Secondary

access

to

Education
educational

opportunities and improve the quality of secondary education

through staff development, review curriculum, revision of
learning materials, research and implementation of special
projects

to

provide

school

buildings

and

equipment.

(National Youth Commission, p38)

Private Education Student Financial Assistance (PESFA)
Program has been established through Section 8 of R.A. No.
8545 otherwise known as the Expanded Government Assistance
to Students and Teachers in Private Education (GASTPE) Act.
PESFA offers educational grants to qualified and deserving
college freshmen both in degree and non-degree courses. The

17

CHED and TESDA handle the administration of the program for

degree and non-degree courses respectively. The program
seeks to:
1. Extend financial assistance to marginalized but
deserving students in post secondary non-degree TVET
courses
2. Promote technical vocational education and training
(TVET)
3. contribute to the development of a competent skilled
workforce; and
4. Assist private institutions in their development
efforts by assuring a steady supply of enrollees to
their course offerings.
(http://www.tesda.gov.ph/program.aspx?page_id=99)
The

Secondary

Education

Development

Program

(SEDP),

this program aims at improving the quality and internal

efficiency of the secondary school system.

The program

components include a training program for administration,

subject

area

supervisions,

and

teachers;

provision

of

instructional materials and education facilities in support

of the New Secondary Education Curriculum and monitoring of
student achievement in the new curriculum; and provision
textbooks
teachers,

and
and

instructional
provision

materials,
of

school

mass

training

facilities

of
and

instructional equipment.
The Educational Facilities Improvement Project (EFIP) a
continuing program that provides facilities for elementary

18

and secondary schools in selected regions. (National Youth

Commission, p40)
The government also formulated assistance programs to
students for them to be more able to achieve education.
Republic Act 8545, otherwise known as the Amended GASTPE
Law. The Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in
Private Education (GASTPE), this program provides financial
assistance such as tuition supplements to deserving private
high

school

assistance,

and

college

scholarship

students,
grants,

high

school

educational

textbook

loans,

and

college faculty development fund.

There
government
assistance,

are

still

concerning
these

several

ongoing

scholarship

includes

the

projects

grants

Technical

and
or

of

the

financial
Vocational

Education Project, the Study Now Pay Later Plan, Science and
Technology

Scholarships

Act,

Scholarship

for

Sangguniang

Kabataan Chairman and Officials, the Non-Formal Education

programs and other more. (National Youth Commission, p41)
And recently, The Aquino Administration has also taken
bold moves in reforming the education sector. For one, the
DepEd has begun implementing the global standard of the K to
12 (K-12) Program, which is more suited to honing young
learners. Tertiary and vocational education systems are also

19

being

reformed

to

focus

on

developing

competent

human

resources for priority economic growth areas.

Poverty

alleviation

programs

wouldnt

be

complete

without formulating policies and solving health issues.

Leading
well-being,

the

country

President

to

Gloria

better

health,

safety

Macapagal-Arroyo

keeps

and
on

providing development in the health division through various

projects

and

policies.

Foremost

among

these

are

her

commitments to ensure that affordable, high-standard and

efficient health services are accessible to poor families.
Some of the projects undertaken are food enrichment program,
measles elimination campaign for Filipino children, reducing
the price of drugs and medicines by fifty percent (50%),
Sentrong Sigla health centers, and execution of programs
against emerging diseases (e.g. SARS, meningococcemia, Avian
flu

virus

etc.)

(http://www.philippinecountry.com/philippine_presidents/Pres
ident_arroyo/initiatives.html)
In the field of health, Congress passed seven healthrelated
voluntary

laws.

These

blood

include

donation,

R.A
R.A.

7719
7846

which

promotes

which

mandates

compulsory immunization against Hepatitis B; R.A. 7875 which

established the National Health Insurance Program; R.A. 7883

20

which provides corneal transplants; and R.A. 8050 regulates

the practice of optometry. (Cesar P. Pobre, 2000)
Another, The Presyong Tama, Gamot Pampamilya is the
government's actual response to address the heavy burden of
high medicine prices on the Filipino consumers. President
Gloria

Macapagal-Arroyo

accomplishment
access

to

of

this

quality

importation

of

has

directed

program

that

healthcare.

widely

The

the

will

improve

program

recognized,

instant
public

involves

off-patent

the

branded

medicines which are usually prescribed for the most common

ailments

and

diseases.

These

medicines

shall

be

made

available to Filipino consumers at very affordable prices.

(http://www.philippinecountry.com/philippine_presidents/Pres
ident_arroyo/initiatives.html)
Universal

Health

Care

(UHC),

also

referred

to

as

Kalusugan Pangkalahatan (KP), is the provision to every

Filipino of the highest possible quality of health care that
is accessible, efficient, equitably distributed, adequately
funded,
informed
adequate

fairly
and

financed,

empowered

resources

and

appropriately

public.
health

facilities, and health financing.

This
human

used

involves

by

an

providing

resources,

health

21

To

attain

pursued,

UHC,

namely:

three

1)

strategic

Financial

thrusts

risk

are

to

protection

be

through

expansion in enrollment and benefit delivery of the National

Health

Insurance

quality

Program

hospitals

and

(NHIP);

health

2)

care

Improved

access

facilities;

to

and

3)

Attainment of health-related Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs). (http://www.doh.gov.ph/Overview.html)
There also has Children International that works to
eradicate poverty by means of diverse programs that provide
children

access

to

medical

and

dental

care,

educational

support, life skills and leadership trainings that empower

them

to

create

lasting

and

positive

changes

in

their

communities. (http://www.childreninternational.ph/programs/)
Aside from above stated program, the government also
implements other social protection programs that seek to not
only address poverty but also empower the poor and the
marginalized.
The
healthy,
countrys

people

are

educated
chances

our

and
for

countrys
energized

greatest
citizenry

sustainable

resource.
raises

development

the
and

prosperity. The work at hand is urgent: to reduce poverty

incidence to 16.6 percent by 2015 and meet key Millennium

22

Development Goals (MDGs), particularly in basic education

and healthcare.
The

Aquino

Administrations

strategy

to

fighting

poverty is to empower the poor and the marginalized segments

of society. This means providing a life vest to those
currently

drowning

in

extreme

poverty

through

social

protection interventions. At the same time, fighting poverty

also means investing in peoples capacity to participate
meaningfully in the economy, access gainful livelihood and
improve the quality of their lives.
On July 16, 2008, under Arroyo Administration, Under
A.O.

No.

16,

s.

2008

the

Pantawid

Pamilyang

Pilipino

Program was implemented.

It

is

human

development

program

of

the

national

government that invests in the health and education of poor

households,

particularly

of

children

aged

0-14

years

old. Patterned after the conditional cash transfer scheme

implemented

in

other

developing

countries,

the

Pantawid

Pamilya provides cash grants to beneficiaries provided that

they comply with the set of conditions required by the
program.
Pantawid Pamilya has dual objectives:

23

Social Assistance - to provide cash assistance to the

poor to alleviate their immediate need (short term
poverty alleviation); and

Social Development - to break the intergenerational

poverty cycle through investments in human capital.
(http://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/about-us)

But in order to avail of the cash grants beneficiaries

should comply with the following conditions:
1. Pregnant women must avail pre- and post-natal care and
be attended during childbirth by a trained health
professional;
2. Parents must attend Family Development Sessions (FDS);
3. 0-5 year old children must receive regular preventive
health check-ups and vaccines;
4. 3-5 year old children must attend day care or preschool classes at least 85% of the time.
5. 6-14 year old children must enroll in elementary or
high school and must attend at least 85% of the time.
6. 6-14 years old children must receive deworming pills
twice a year.
(http://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/about-us?start=1)
The

Pantawid

Pamilyang

Pilipino

(4Ps)

is

by

far

the

largest poverty reduction and social development program the

Philippine government has ever conceived. It is also one of
the most controversial because its budget is huge and it is
mainly financed by loans. This Policy Notes raises several
issues in the program`s design and implementation which are
critical to be addressed in terms of achieving its social
development objective. Primarily, the authors argue for the
deepening of the program to achieve better human development

24

outcomes rather than expanding it to cover as many poor

people as possible. Instead of increasing the number of
beneficiary families, they recommend the expansion of the
program

by

providing

longer

period

of

assistance

to

current beneficiaries to ensure that their children finish

high school. Differentiating the assistance by gender is
also strongly suggested, on account of the fact that more
boys than girls in the Philippines are not attending school.
(http://www.pids.gov.ph/policynotes.php?
id=5161&pubyear=2013)
Synthesis
The preceding review of related literature discusses
the importance and ways on the significance in the socioeconomic status of the beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilya
Pilipino Program in barangay Poblacion, Narra, Palawan.
Many

programs

were

formulated

by

the

government

to

reduce poverty, to provide proper health and education to

citizens.

It

(specifically

is
each

then

necessary

member

of

for

congress

the

government

individually)

to

determine what laws (if any) need to be passed/repealed to

better

regulate/de-regulate

socio-economic

activities

in

order to insure that the people's will, along with a host of

other concerns are adequately accounted for.

25

The right to education, health and free from poverty is

basic and indeed, it is for all.
down

concrete

working

plans

and

The government must lay

detail

out

achievable

targets in each phases as stepping-stones to the achievement

of final goals.
Peoples welfare must always be center of the agenda.
What is good for them; what can make them better; what best
their future generation can inherit from them.
The administration must wield enough political will.
Its decisions and actions must be empowered by the people
and empower the people in return.

It must look beyond its

term and set a national highway of progress and continuity.

Conceptual Framework
After an analysis of the related literature and studies
by some authors, the researchers will arrive at a conceptual
framework of this study.
The socio-economic status of the beneficiaries of the
Pantawid

Pamilya

implementation

Pilipino

in

Program

barangay

before

Poblacion,

and

during

Narra,

the

Palawan

ultimately affect by the variables found in the research

paradigm.

26

The sources of income, household head income, other

sources of income, Occupation will prove that there are
changes before and during the implementation of 4Ps in
their social and economic condition.
Figure 1 shows the linkage of this investigation, the
relationship

of

the

independent

variable

regarding

socio-economic status of the beneficiaries of 4Ps.

the

27

Research paradigm
Independent variables

Dependent variables

Socio-economic profile of
the beneficiaries in terms
of:

Implementation of
Pantawid pamilya

Sources of income;

Pilipino Program in
Poblacion, Narra,

Occupation;

Household head income;

Palawan

and

Other sources of

Figure 1. The research paradigm shows the relation of the

independent variable to the implementation of Pantawid

28

Pamilya Pilipino Program in barangay Poblacion, Narra,

Palawan.

Hypothesis
To

help

the

researchers

in

the

formulation

of

the

conclusion, the understated hypothesis will be tested:

There

is

no

significant

difference

on

the

Socio-

economic status of the beneficiaries before and during the

implementation of the Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program in
barangay Poblacion, Narra, Palawan.

Definition of terms
The following terms are defined theoretically or
operationally.
Beneficiaries. This refers to the residents Poblacion,
Narra, Palawan who receive benefits from the 4ps program.
Education. The acquired formal education of the people.
Health. The general condition of the body or mind,
especially in terms of the presence or absence of illnesses,
injuries, or impairments

29

Household

head

income.

Refers

to

the

total

monthly

income earned by household head.

Other

sources

of

income.

This

refers

to

the

other

member of the family who earns profit.

Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program (4Ps). This refers
to the human development program of the national government
that invests in the health and education of poor households,
particularly of children aged 0-14 years old.
Poverty alleviation. Refers to the governments act of
freeing the people from poverty.
Socio-economic status. Refers to a combined measure of
an individuals or familys economic and social position.
Sources of income. Refers to the head of the family who
primarily generates income.

30

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedure in the

conduct of the study which include the research design, the
locale, the population, the data gathering instrument, the
data gathering procedure and statistical instrument that
will be used.

Research Design

The researchers in this study will focus on the social

and

economic

condition

of

the

beneficiaries

before

and

during the implementation of 4Ps in barangay Poblacion,

Narra, Palawan.
This

study

will

utilize

the

descriptive

method

of

research to determine the main focused of the study which it

is design for.

31

Population
This investigation will involve two hundred forty eight
beneficiaries of Barangay Poblacion, Narra, Palawan as the
respondents of the research.

Data Gathering Instrument

The researchers will make questionnaires to gather data
to be used in this study. The first part is intended to
determine the profile of the respondents and the second part
is for the information with regards to education, health and
poverty alleviation. Each item in the instrument will be
answered by the respondent provided their own ideas. A form
of questionnaire will be used to collect primary data. Each
item will be rated by the respondents using the 5- scale
point such as 5-very satisfactory, 4-satisfactory, 3-fairly
satisfactory, 2-unsatisfactory, and 1-very unsatisfactory.

32

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will ask the permission from the office
of the director of Palawan State University- Narra College
of Community Resources Development. Upon his approval, a
letter

will

be

sent

to

the

municipal

Mayor

of

Narra,

Palawan, Hon. Clarito D. Demaala Jr. to conduct the study.

Upon his approval, the researchers will formally conduct
this study and will personally administer the questionnaire
to the respondents. The researchers will give a thorough
instruction to the respondents for clarification that will
be collected within the duration of the study. The obtained
information will be subject to statistical treatment to get
the desired result.

33

Research Locale
The

researchers

will

Poblacion, Narra, Palawan.

conduct

the

study

in

Barangay

34

Statistical Treatment
The statistical tools that will be utilized in order to
gather, and analyze and interpret data are the following:
mean,

frequency

profile,

while

distribution,
t-test

will

be

for
use

the
to

socio-economic
determine

the

difference in socio-economic status of the beneficiaries.

35