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WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGY,
THIRD EDITION" by GROVER WRIGHT
(In the text we start with the "basic level" topic such as this,
show an example, and then have you do several just like it.
You are able to check your answers against ours for each
problem. We then move to the intermediate level, and then to
the advanced level. We show an example at each level, and
have several additional problems for you to do on your own at
each level... all with answers!)
This is meant to be printed out... that is the only way
you will be able to properly view the two math
graphics.
Hydraulics is defined as the study of fluids at rest and in
motion. In water and wastewater that almost invariably
means water, and water containing solids.
Discharge Head: is the verticle distance between the pump
datum point and the liquid surface in the receiving tank. The
pump datum is at the center line for horizontal pumps and at
the entrance eye of the impeller for vertical pumps.
Suction Head: if the water to be pumped has its surface
ABOVE the center of the pump, then this relationship is called
a "suction head". More technically, it is the positive verticle
distance between the pump datum and the liquid surface in
the suction well.
Static Head: "Static head is the distance that the water is to
be lifted."
Therefore, if the liquid level is above the datum, then it is a
"positive value", as the water does not need to be pumped to
that elevation. In the calculation:
(Static Head, ft) = (Discharge Head, ft) - (Suction
Head, ft)
"Once more for emphasis", the suction elevation is subtracted
from the discharge head as the water is already at a positive,
"not needed to be pumped elevation" ABOVE the pump. This
In the calculation:
(Static Head, ft) = (Discharge head, ft) - (Suction Elev. ft)
Note that the suction elevation (lift) is below the pump datum.
In this case the elevation is a negative number (minus) and
therefore "a minus subtracting a minus is a positive value " in
the equation. To illustrate a suction liquid level 5 feet BELOW
the pump datum, with a Discharge head of 35 ft:
(40 ft) = (35 ft) - (-5 ft)
Friction Head: is the head necessary to overcome the
friction in the pipes, fittings, valves, elbows, etc. This
information is gathered empirically, and then recorded in
tables so that we can estimate these values according to the
flow, the pipe size, the pipes material it is constructed out of,
pipe age and any deposits, the type of valve, etc. This
additional resistance to flow must be compensated for, in