Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Answers
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. A
5.C
11.B
12.D
13.A
14.D
15.D
6.C
7.D
8.B
9.D
10.C
k=
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=5
= 0.4 m
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1
3
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1
6
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The waves from the two loud speakers are coherence because the diaphragms vibrate in phase.
The waves from the two bulbs are not coherence because the waves are radiated randomly.
x
(c)
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1.44 x10 3 m
a
0.40 x10 3
(i)
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Hence, the pattern of interference will be displaced downward and the bright fringes will be changed
to dark fringes and the dark fringes will be changed to bright fringes.
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(iii)
18. (a) (i) Energy transfer per second per unit cross sectional area
(ii) The alternate rise and fall of sound intensity
due to the superposition of two waves with slightly different frequency.
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v
v +v s
(b) (i) f = (
)f
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= 552 Hz
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vv o
v+ v s
(ii) f = (
)f
= 520 Hz
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(ii)
f0 =
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=l
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v
2l
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(ii)
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(iii) fbeat = f1 f2
3
2
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= f 1 f2
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f 1 = 136.5 Hz or 134.5 Hz
Tension increases , f increases
Then f1 f2 = 136.5 Hz
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19 (a) (i) The kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons does not depend on the intensity of the light.
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Only light with frequency higher than the threshold frequency can cause emission of photoelectrons. ------1
(ii)
hc 1
mv 2 W
2
6.63x10 34 x 3.0x10 8
350x10 9
1
x 9.11x10 31 xv 2 2.30 x1.6x10 19
2
v 6.63x10 5 m s -1
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(iii)
v
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(b) (i) Continuous X-ray --- when the incident electrons hit the metal target, they can lose any amount of energy
in the collisions and this energy is converted to X-ray photons.
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The wavelength of the X-ray depends on the amount of kinetic energy lost, therefore, X-rays with different
wavelengths are produced. If an incident electron loses all its kinetic energy in one single collision, the
wavelength of the X-ray produced is minimum.
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Line X-ray --- The energies of the incident electrons are absorbed by the target atoms causing electrons
form the inner shell to be excited.
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When electrons from the higher shells drop down to fill the vacancies of the shells, line X-rays are produced.
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(ii) The energy levels of the target atoms are quantised. Thus, X-ray photons produced from transitions of
electrons have fixed amount of energies depending on the types of target atoms.
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(iii)
eV
1.6x10 19 x 5.0 x10 3
hc
6.63x10 34 x 3.0x10 8
2.5x10 10 m
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(iv) Not produced because the minimum wavelength of the X-ray is bigger than the wavelength of the line 1.54
x 10-10 m.
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20.
(a) (i)
N
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Z
(ii) At short range, there is strong nuclear force binding the nucleons in the nucleus.
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For heavier nucleus, the strong nuclear force increases when the number of neutrons exceeds the number of
protons.
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(iii) The difference in mass is called mass defect.
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According to the relationship of mass-energy mass defect x (velocity of light) 2 produces binding energy which
is responsible for production of stable nuclei.
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(b) (i)
activity = N
activity A A
half life of sample B
(ii)
activity A = activity B
ANA = BNB
NA B
NB A
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(c) (i)
Number of nuclei in 400 mg of carbon
400x10 -3
x 6.02 x10 23
12
400 x10 3
x 6.02 x10 23
12
2.65 x 1010
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(ii)
dN
N
dt
136
ln 2
N
5730 x8760
N 9.85 x 109
N N 0e t
9
10
ln 2
t
5730
e
9.85x10 2.65x10
t 8180 years
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