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National
Bank for
Agricultur
e and
Rural
Developm
ent

Shantanu kurup 28

National Bank for Agriculture


and Rural Development
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

Logo of NABARD

Headquarters in Mumbai

Headquarters

Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Established

12 July 1982

Managing Director

Dr K G Karmakar

Currency
Reserves

81,220crore (US$ 18.11 billion) (2007)

Website

www.nabard.org

NABARD is the apex development bank in India

Contents

Acknowledgement

Introduction

History

Rural Innovation

References

Acknowledgement
My deepest thanks to Sanjay Rode sir for guiding
us through this project and for supporting us
through out. Sirs suggestions and
recommendations have been invaluable for this
project. Then I would like to thank my teacher,
for guiding me and my friends throughout this
project. We had some difficulties in doing this
task, but she taught us patiently until we knew
what to do.
Last but not least, my friends who were doing
this project with me and sharing our ideas. They
were helpful that when we combined and
discussed together, we had this task done.
I would also like to thank the college and
Mumbai University for providing me with the
opportunity to do this project.

Introduction
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development (NABARD) is an apex
development bank in India based in Mumbai,
Maharashtra. It has been accredited with
matters concerning policy, planning and
operations in the field of credit for agriculture
and other economic activities in rural areas in
India.
NABARD or National Bank for agriculture and
Rural Development is the apex institution
accredited with all matters concerning policy,
planning, and operations in the fields of credit for
agriculture and other economic activities in the
rural areas in India.
NABARD is committed to rural prosperity by
promoting sustainable and equitable agriculture
and rural development through effective credit
support, related services, institutional building
and other innovative initiatives.
NABARD is set up by the Government of India as
a development bank with the mandate of
facilitating credit flow for promotion and
development of agriculture and integrated rural
development. The mandate also covers
supporting all other allied economic activities in
rural areas, promoting sustainable rural

development and ushering in prosperity in the


rural areas.
With a capital base of Rs 2,000crore provided by
the Government of India and Reserve Bank of
India, it operates through its head office at
Mumbai, 28 regional offices situated in state
capitals and 391 district offices at districts.

NABARD is set up as an apex Development Bank


with a mandate for facilitating credit flow for
promotion and development of agriculture, smallscale industries, cottage and village industries,
handicrafts and other rural crafts. It also has the
mandate to support all other allied economic
activities in rural areas, promote integrated and
sustainable rural development and secure
prosperity of rural areas. In discharging its role as
a facilitator for rural prosperity NABARD is
entrusted with

1. Providing refinance to lending institutions in

rural areas
2.

Bringing about or promoting institutional


development and

3 Evaluating, monitoring and inspecting the


. client banks

Besides this pivotal role, NABARD also:


Acts as a coordinator in the operations of rural

credit institutions
Extends assistance to the government, the

Reserve Bank of India and other organizations


in matters relating to rural development
Offers training and research facilities for banks,

cooperatives and organizations working in the


field of rural development
Helps the state governments in reaching their

targets of providing assistance to eligible


institutions in agriculture and rural
development
Acts as regulator for cooperative banks and

RRBs
Extends assistance to the government, the

Reserve Bank of India and other organizations


in matters relating to rural development

Offers training and research facilities for banks,

cooperatives and organizations working in the


field of rural development
Helps the state governments in reaching their

targets of providing assistance to eligible


institutions in agriculture and rural
development
Acts as regulator for cooperative banks and

RRBs
Some of the milestones in NABARD's
activities are:
Refinance disbursement under ST-Agri & Others

and MT-Conversion/ Liquidity support


aggregated Rs.19452 crore during 2009-10.
Refinance disbursement under Investment

Credit to commercial banks, state cooperative


banks, state cooperative agriculture and rural
development banks, RRBs and other eligible
financial institutions during 2009-10
aggregated Rs.12009.08 crore.

Through the Rural Infrastructure Development

Fund (RIDF) Rs.12387.54 crores were disbursed


during 2009-10. With this, a cumulative
amount of Rs.86939.74 crore has been
disbursed as on 31 March 2010 covering
irrigation, rural roads and bridges, health and
education, soil conservation, drinking water
schemes, flood protection, forest management
and the Bharat Nirman Project (BNP).
Under Watershed Development Fund with a

corpus of Rs.1102 crore as on 31 March 2008,


513 projects in 14 states have benefited.
Farmers now enjoy hassle free access to credit

and security through 906.40 lakh Kisan Credit


Cards that have been issued through a vast
rural banking network.
Under the Farmers' Club Programme, a total of

54805 clubs covering 104648 villages in 587


districts have been formed, helping farmers get
access to credit, technology and extension
services.

Functions
NABARD is an apex institution accredited with
all matters concerning policy, planning and
operations in the field of credit for agriculture
and other economic activities in rural areas.
It is an apex refinancing agency for the
institutions providing investment and
production credit for promoting the various
developmental activities in rural areas
It takes measures towards institution building for
improving absorptive capacity of the credit
delivery system, including monitoring,
formulation of rehabilitation schemes,
restructuring of credit institutions, training of
personnel, etc.
It co-ordinates the rural financing activities of all
the institutions engaged in developmental work
at the field level and maintains liaison with

Government of India, State Governments,


Reserve Bank of India and other national
level institutions concerned with policy
formulation.
It prepares, on annual basis, rural credit plans
for all districts in the country; these plans form
the base for annual credit plans of all rural
financial institutions
It undertakes monitoring and evaluation of
projects refinanced by it.
It promotes research in the fields of rural
banking, agriculture and rural development

Mission
Promoting sustainable and equitable agriculture
and rural development through effective credit
support, related services, institution building and
other innovative initiatives.
In pursuing this mission, NABARD focuses its
activities on:
Credit functions, involving preparation of
potential-linked credit plans annually for all
districts of the country for identification of credit
potential, monitoring the flow of ground level
rural credit, issuing policy and operational
guidelines to rural financing institutions and
providing credit facilities to eligible institutions
under various programmes
Development functions, concerning
reinforcement of the credit functions and making
credit more productive
Supervisory functions, ensuring the proper
functioning of cooperative banks and regional
rural banks

History
NABARD was established on the
recommendations of Shivaraman Committee, by
an act of Parliament on 12 July 1982 to
implement the National Bank for Agriculture and
Rural Development Act 1981. It replaced the
Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural
Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank
of India, and Agricultural Refinance and
Development Corporation (ARDC). It is one of the
premiere agencies to provide credit in rural
areas.

Objectives
NABARD was established in terms of the
Preamble to the Act, "for providing credit for the
promotion of agriculture, small scale industries,
cottage and village industries, handicrafts and
other rural crafts and other allied economic
activities in rural areas with a view to promoting
IRDP and securing prosperity of rural areas and
for matters connected therewith in incidental
thereto".
The main objectives of the NABARD as stated in
the statement of objectives while placing the bill
before the Lok Sabha were categorized as under :
1.The National Bank will be an apex organization
in respect of all matters relating to policy,
planning operational aspects in the field of
credit for promotion of Agriculture, Small Scale
Industries, Cottage and Village Industries,
Handicrafts and other rural crafts and other
allied economic activities in rural areas.
2.The Bank will serve as a refinancing institution
for institutional credit such as long-term, shortterm for the promotion of activities in the rural
areas.

3.The Bank will also provide direct lending to any


institution as may be approved by the Central
Government.
4.The Bank will have organic links with the
Reserve Bank and maintain a close link with in.

Role
NABARD's refinance is available to State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development
Banks (SCARDBs), State Co-operative Banks
(SCBs), Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Commercial
Banks (CBs) and other financial institutions
approved by RBI. While the ultimate beneficiaries
of investment credit can be individuals,
partnership concerns, companies, State-owned
corporations or co-operative societies, production
credit is generally given to individuals.
NABARD has its head office at Mumbai, India
NABARD operates throughout the country
through its 28 Regional Offices and one Suboffice, located in the capitals of all the
states/union territories. Each Regional Office[RO]
has a Chief General Manager [CGMs] as its head,
and the Head office has several Top executives
like the Executive Directors[ED], Managing
Directors[MD], and the Chairperson. It has 336
District Offices across the country, one Sub-office

at Port Blair and one special cell at Srinagar. It


also has 6 training establishments.
NABARD is also known for its 'SHG Bank Linkage
Programmed which encourages India's banks to
lend to self-help groups (SHGs). Because SHGs
are composed mainly of poor women, this has
evolved into an important Indian tool for
microfinance. As of March 2006 2.2 million SHGs
representing 33 million members had to been
linked to credit through this programmed.
NABARD also has a portfolio of Natural Resource
Management Programmes involving diverse fields
like Watershed Development, Tribal Development
and Farm Innovation through dedicated funds set
up for the purpose.

Major Activities

Preparing of Potential Linked Credit Plans for


identification of exploitable potentials under
agriculture and other activities available for
development through bank credit.
Refinancing banks for extending loans for
investment and production purpose in rural
areas.
Providing loans to State Government/Non
Government Organizations (NGOs)/Panchayati
Raj Institutions (PRIs) for developing rural
infrastructure.
Supporting credit innovations of Non
Government Organizations (NGOs) and other
non-formal agencies.
Extending formal banking services to the
unreached rural poor by evolving a
supplementary credit delivery strategy in a
cost effective manner by promoting Self Help
Groups (SHGs)
Promoting participatory watershed
development for enhancing productivity and
profitability of rainfed agriculture in a
sustainable manner.
On-site inspection of cooperative banks and

Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and iff-site


surveillance over health of cooperatives
andRRBs.

Rural Innovation
NABARD's role in rural development in India is
phenomenal. National Bank for Agriculture &
Rural Development (NABARD) is set up as an
apex Development Bank by the Government of
India with a mandate for facilitating credit flow
for promotion and development of agriculture,
cottage and village industries. The credit flow to
agriculture activities sanctioned by NABARD
reached Rs 1,574,800 million in 2005-2006. The
overall GDP is estimated to grow at 8.4 per cent.
The Indian economy as a whole is poised for
higher growth in the coming years. Role of
NABARD in overall development of India in
general and rural & agricultural in specific is
highly pivotal.
Through assistance of Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation, NABARD set up
the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund.
Under the RIDF scheme Rs. 512830 million have
been sanctioned for 2,44,651 projects covering
irrigation, rural roads and bridges, health and
education, soil conservation, water schemes etc.
Rural Innovation Fund is a fund designed to
support innovative, risk friendly, unconventional
experiments in these sectors that would have the

potential to promote livelihood opportunities and


employment in rural areas. The assistance is
extended to Individuals, NGOs, Cooperatives, Self
Help Group, and Panchayati Raj Institutions who
have the expertise and willingness to implement
innovative ideas for improving the quality of life
in rural areas. Through member base of 250
million, 600000 cooperatives are working in India
at grass root level in almost every sector of
economy. There are linkages between SHG and
other type institutes with that of cooperatives.
The purpose of RIDF is to promote innovation in
rural & agricultural sector through viable means.
Effectiveness of the program depends upon many
factors, but the type of organization to which the
assistance is extended is crucial one in
generating, executing ideas in optimum
commercial way. Cooperative is member driven
formal organization for socio-economic purpose,
while SHG is informal one. NGO have more of
social color while that of PRI is political one.
Recently in 2007-08, NABARD has started a new
direct lending facility under 'Umbrella Programme
for Natural Resource Management' (UPNRM).
Under this facility financial support for natural
resource management activities can be provided
as a loan at reasonable rate of interest. Already
35 projects have been sanctioned involving loan
amount of about Rs 1000 million. The sanctioned
projects include honey collection by tribals in
Maharashtra, tussar value chain by a women
producer company ('MASUTA'), eco-tourism in
Karnataka etc.

NABARD and its Role in Training


The provisions of the Act as stated below very
clearly indicate the nature and scope of the
developmental mandate of the Bank and its role
in training and capacity building with the
underlying belief that the process of
development cannot be accomplished by
credit/refinance alone.
Section 38 of the NABARD Act provides that the
Bank shall:
maintain expert staff to study all problems
relating to agriculture and rural development
and be available for consultation to the Central
Government, the Reserve Bank, the State
Governments and the other institutions engaged
in the field of rural development.
Provide facilities for training, for dissemination
of information and the promotion of research
including the undertaking of studies, researches,
techno-economic and other surveys in the field
of rural banking, agriculture and rural
development.
provide technical, legal, financial, marketing and
administrative assistance to any person
engaged in agriculture and rural development
activities;
may provide consultancy services in the field of
agriculture and rural development and other

related matters in or outside India, on such


terms and against such remuneration, as may
be agreed upon;
In this context, the role of training in NABARD
and the role played by it for capacity building in
client institutions, partner agencies and other
developmental agencies are important.
For maintaining 'Expert Staff', the bank needs to
provide continuous exposure to its officers and
staff for up scaling their knowledge and skills in
core areas. However, in the initial years the Bank
had recruited expert staff from various technical
disciplines and created a separate cadre of
officers. These officers were involved in
formulating, appraising, monitoring and
evaluating different agricultural projects
implemented by different credit agencies. These
officers, irrespective of their academic
background, were imparted similar type of
training as all other officers. Their placements
and the regular job rotations helped in grooming
them to take up assorted assignments get
involved in a variety of roles and functions
including credit, developmental, promotional,
supervisory and necessary support and
information for decision making. The Bank also
had access to their specialized skills which were
utilized whenever needed.
In pursuance of the Bank's mandate as stated in
the Act, the Bank provides training facilities for

the RFIs and agencies involved in rural


development through BIRD and the two RTCs.
With a view to broad base the training and
capacity building efforts, the Bank encourages
the RFIs to set up their own training systems and
provides these training institutes the necessary
support to conduct meaningful and quality
training. Options and avenues for strengthening
the training interventions at the client level are
continuously examined so that the human
resources in these institutions are developed to
take on the challenges, reckon with the
competition, improve customer service, expand
outreach, develop suitable products and thereby
contribute to rural development.
As NABARD primarily functions through
other agencies, the needs of the client
institutions largely determine the
knowledge and skill requirements of
NABARD officers.
NABARD endeavors to blend the experiences of
client bank training with the training for NABARD
officers so as to make training meaningful and
relevant to their roles. Efforts are also made to
blend the study findings with the outcome from
training to periodically measure the overall
impact of the investments made in the training
efforts.

NABARD today
25 YEARS OF DEDICATION TO RURAL PROSPERITY
Initiates measures toward institution-building
for improving absorptive capacity of the credit
delivery system, including monitoring,
formulation of rehabilitation schemes,
restructuring of credit institutions, training of
personnel, etc.
NABARD completed 25 years of its eventful and
trailblazing existence on 12 July 2007.
Established in 1982, by an Act of Parliament,
NABARD's mandate was to provide focused and
undivided attention to the development of rural
India by facilitating credit flow for promotion of
agriculture and rural non farm sector.
Emphasizing this in no uncertain terms, its
mission statement underscores NABARD's goal to
"promote sustainable and equitable agriculture
and rural prosperity through effective credit
support, related services, institution development
and other innovative initiatives".
NABARD's functions can be classified into 4 major
categories viz. Credit Planning, Financial
Services, Promotion and Development, and
Supervision. Under Credit Planning NABARD
prepares Potential Linked Credit Plan (PLP)
annually for each district of the country by
assessing potential available in agriculture and
rural sector. This serves as a guide for banks and
Government agencies to prepare their own

investment and credit plans in the district and


state. Under its Financial services, it refinances
commercial, co-operative and regional rural
banks for lending to on farm and non-farm
activities. This includes farm activities like minor
irrigation, animal husbandry, farm
mechanization, forestry, fisheries, land
development, horticulture, plantation and
medicinal crops and non-farm like rural
industries, artisans, handicrafts, handlooms, rural
housing, rural tourism and agro processing.
Refinance is provided by NABARD for both long
term investment credit as well as short term
production credit for crop loans and working
capital for non-farm activities. A nationwide
network of 28 regional offices at the state
capitals, a sub-office at Port Blair and 391 district
development offices are at hand to cater to this
awesome task.
Clearly NABARD's benevolent hand has been
silently at work in supporting rural resurgence in
various ways and its stakes are quite enormous.
A glance at the figures will give a fair idea. It has
channelized a whopping Rs. 1, 21,000 crore
under its investment credit programme and RIDF
since inception, which includes Rs. 8795 crore
disbursed during 2006-07. Under production
credit the Bank sanctioned limits of Rs. 12570
crore during 2006-07.
NABARD has effectively brought in a number of
innovations in the rural credit domains. To quote

a few: Formation and Linkage of Self Help Groups,


Farmers Clubs, Rural Infrastructure Development
Fund, Watershed Development, Kisan Credit
Card, District Rural Industries Project, Cluster
Development Programme and Rural Innovation
Fund.
Coordinates the rural financing activities of all
the institutions engaged in developmental work
at the field level and maintains liaison with the
government of India , State governments, the
Reserve Bank of India and other national level
institutions concerned with policy formulation
Self Help Groups (SHGs) Farmers Clubs
Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
(RIDF)Watershed Development
Tribal Development and WADI approach
Women and Development
District Rural Industries Project (DRIP)
Rural Entrepreneurship Development Programme
(REDP)
Rural Marketing
Revival of Short-Term Rural Co-operative
Structure (STCCS)
Rural Innovation Fund
NABARD Consultancy Services (NABCONS)
Co-Financing
Prepares, on annual basis, rural credit plans for
all the districts in the country. These plans form
the base for annual credit plans of all rural
financial institutions
Self Help Groups (SHGs):

One of the major success stories of NABARD, the


SHG Bank linkage programme started as a pilot
project in 1992 with 500 SHGs. SHGs comprise
homogeneous groups of poor people who have
voluntarily come together mainly with the idea of
overcoming their common problems of low social
and economic status. SHGs enable the poor,
especially the women from the poor households,
to collectively identify, prioritize and tackle the
problems they face in their socio economic
environment. By pooling their meager resources
and using them for lending among themselves,
they develop the habit of thrift and the skill of
credit appraisal, before getting mature enough to
access a loan from banks, which is called credit
linkage. Starting with small loans for
consumption they soon graduate to bigger loans
for setting up of income generating microenterprises. Today, NABARD's SHG Bank Linkage
Programme boasts of over 26 lakh SHGs and 3.9
crore households influencing the lives of over 16
crore poor population. During the year 2006-07
alone, as many as 458591 groups were credit
linked.

Farmers Clubs A popular intervention among


both farmers and Bankers, the farmers Club
concept was envisaged as an experiment in
social engineering, a forum to bring the rural

banker and the borrower closer and to propagate


the principles of development through credit.
Farmers Club is an informal group of 15-20
farmers, one per village, which acts as a medium
for accessing and disseminating awareness of
modern methods of farming and technological
advancements in agriculture in its area. Financial
support is provided by NABARD for opening and
maintenance of Clubs as well as for organizing
training programmes in the respective villages.
With corporate and food chains looking for supply
chain linkages of farm produce, Farmers Clubs
may have an important role to play in joint
production and marketing of farm produce. As on
31 March 2007, there were Farmers Clubs in 534
districts covering 48763 villages.
Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
(RIDF):
Deficient Rural infrastructure hinders both social
and economic development. Economists have
explicitly emphasized on the direct correlation
between the index of infrastructure development
and rural development. NABARD's support to
State Governments through RIDF since 1995-96
has brought about a sea change in the shape of
upgraded infrastructure in rural areas. Rural
roads and bridges under RIDF have improved
market access to farmers; check dams and
irrigation structures have augmented their water
resources. Even drinking water projects and
health centres have been supported under the
Fund. NABARD so far has sanctioned Rs. 61539
crore for 2, 44,025 projects under the Fund. A

cumulative position of sector-wise sanctions as


on 31 st March 2007 : Irrigation: Rs. 20637 crore,
Rural connectivity: Rs. 26935 crore for rural road
network and bridges, Power: Rs. 1434 crore
Social Sector: Rs. 6988 crore Others: Rs. 5547
crore. A separate window has been created for
rural connectivity with villages of population less
than 500, with a corpus of Rs. 4,000 crore to
support the Bharat Nirman project.

Watershed Development:
In a comprehensive effort to enhance
productivity of dryland through conserving soil,
rainwater and irrigation, NABARD embarked on
perfecting its experiments in creating a
sustainable cost effective solution to the water
harvesting techniques in rural areas. Building on
its experience with the KFW funded watershed
development programme in Maharashtra ,
NABARD established a Watershed Development
Fund with an initial corpus of Rs. 200 crore in
1999-2000 which now stands at Rs. 602.76 crore.
The programme is now being replicated in 124
districts of 14 States.
Tribal Development and WADI approach :
With over 8% of the population comprising
tribals largely dependent on forests, livestock
and agriculture, NABARD found a holistic
approach by addressing production, processing
and marketing of the produce with WADI as the

core of the programme. WADI (small orchard)


was found to be an effective tool for arresting
migration of tribals from their native habitat. The
WADI model evolved out of concerted efforts
made in association with Bhartiya Agro Industries
Foundation (BAIF). The project also envisages
other development interventions like
environment, gender and health. Having
completed 10 years in Gujarat and 5 years in
Maharashtra, the programme has touched
275111 families in 410 villages.

Women and Development


Women constitute one third of the labour force.
In order to give focus to women in various
development activities and increase their access
to Bank credit, schemes like Assistance to Rural
women in Non-farm Development (ARWIND),
Assistance for Marketing of Non- Farm Products of
Rural Women (MAHIMA), Development of Women
through Area Programme (DEWTA) have been
designed to provide exclusive support to women
in rural areas.
District Rural Industries Project (DRIP):
NABARD launched DRIP, an integrated areabased credit intensification programme, in
collaboration with Government, banks and other
development agencies with district specific focus.
It was introduced in 1993-94 with the objective of
creating sustainable employment opportunities in
106 districts all over the country.

Rural Entrepreneurship Development


Programme (REDP):
In order to generate employment in rural areas, it
was felt necessary to develop the entrepreneurial
skills of the rural youth. REDP is a promotional
programme supported by NABARD to motivate
and train educated unemployed rural youth, to
set up their own enterprises. So far, 2.32 lakh
persons have been trained under the programme
under 7792 REDPs.
Rural Marketing:
A number of marketing interventions have been
made for marketing of rural non-farm products
since marketing is a key factor in the
sustainability of any such endeavour. With the
financial support of NABARD under its
promotional programmes like Rural Haats, Rural
Marts, participation in fairs, exhibitions and
marketing meals, rural artisans and
entrepreneurs can get a larger market for their
produce and showcase their talent to urban and
upcountry markets.

Revival of Short-Term Rural Co-operative


Structure (STCCS) NABARD is the
implementing agency for the Revival package for

the STCCS which mean the State Coop. Banks,


District Coop. Banks and the Primary Agricultural
Coop. Societies. (PACS). The revival package has
been approved by the Govt. of India based on the
recommendations of the Vaidyanathan
Committee. NABARD has had dialogues with
State Govts. and so far 10 states have executed
MOU with GoI and NABARD. Apart from being on
the national, state and district level
implementing committees, NABARD has designed
guidelines and training manuals for the special
audit of PACS under the Package.
Rural Innovation Fund:
In association with Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation (SDC), NABARD
has constituted the NABARD SDC Rural
Innovation Fund (RIF) to support innovative
projects in Farm, Non-Farm and Micro-Finance
Sectors leading to creation of livelihood
opportunities for the poor. Government and NonGovernment Institutions, corporate bodies,
financial institutions and individuals can avail
funding support for activities involved in
development of new products, processes,
prototypes, technology etc. which have the poor
in their focus.

NABARD Consultancy Services (NABCONS)


NABCONS is a wholly owned subsidiary of
NABARD, which has established itself as a

dependable and professional consultancy


services provider in agriculture and allied
activities. As on 31 March 2007 , it has
cumulatively contracted 487 national and
international assignments involving consultancy
fee of Rs.25.49 crores.
Co-Financing It has been the experience that
Banks are wary of taking credit risk of financing
high tech/large scale/ export oriented agricultural
projects or those involving sunrise technologies.
To instill confidence in banks and ensure credit
flow to such projects, NABARD has entered into
agreements for co-financing with 14 commercial
banks. During 2006-07, seven projects were
sanctioned with bank loan of Rs. 145.03 crore
and NABARD's share of Rs. 72.42 crore.
Floriculture, organic farming, milk processing,
ethanol production and agro processing are
among the projects sanctioned so far.

References
Wikipedia.com
Nabard.org

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