IIGJ

Mumbai (MIDC)

Diamond Introduction
&
4 Cs Characteristics

Diamond Attributes as Gem

Diamond is one of the most natural material on earth.
It is most hardest, durable, beauty & rare,
Hardness relates to its number 10 on Moh scale, means resistance
from a scratched .
Toughness is define as resistances from a impact of blow.
Durability relates to ever lasting, which is necessity for a most
valuable gem.
Beautifulness lies in its Brilliancy, Dispersion, Scintillation & Luster.
Rarity is consider as its recovery of just 1.00 ct after mining 250
ton of ore.

Diamonds Forever
Diamond exits, since pre-historical times and it can last till
millions of years if kept with proper care. It is known as symbol of
love, and relates to the planet Venus which is interpretive as a soul.
Therefore De-Beers Trading campaigning promotional line is:

DIAMONDS ARE FOR EVER

And for retail sales branded as with inscription

FOREVER MARK
There are only two things which lasts forever,
one with belief is a soul and other is a Diamond.
History is past, but Historical Diamond still exits.

100 Listed Famous & Largest Diamonds of the World

50 Diamonds are from South Africa & 25 Diamonds from Indian origin.
The most famous from Indian origin is Koh-I-Noor and it is ranked on 35.
Rank

Carats

Name

Year

Origin

Owner/Location

545.67

Golden jubilee

1985

South Africa

Crown jewels of Thailand

530.20

Cullinan 1

1905

South Africa

British Crown Jewels - London

407.48

Incomparable

1980

DRC

Diamond dealer USA

312.40

Cullinan 2

1905

South Africa

British Crown Jewels - London

280.00

Great Mogul

1650

India

Last heard of in India - 1739

277.00

Nizam

1835

India

Nizam of Hyderabad

245.35

Jubilee

1895

South Africa

Paul Louis Weiller - Paris

234.50

De Beers

1888

South Africa

Last heard of in India - 1890

228.50

Victoria

1880

South Africa

Last heard of in India - 1882

10

205.00

Red Cross

1918

South Africa

Unknown Switzerland - 1973

Global Diamond Trade

3 among the major companies, which operates world market

De Beers since 1888, it is the worlds leading rough diamond company which
operates in 20 countries with expertise in exploration, mining and marketing
diamonds. Its worlds largest diamond producer with mining operations across
Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Canada & controls over 40% of world market.
Rio Tinto is a leading international mining group, a London listed public company
headquartered in the UK, and Rio Tinto Limited, which is listed on the Australian
Stock Exchange, with executive offices in Melbourne. The two companies are
joined in a dual listed companies (DLC) structure as a single economic entity,
called the Rio Tinto Group and has more than 30% control over the world market.

ALROSA Co. Ltd is Russia's largest diamond company engaged in exploration,

mining, manufacture and sales of diamonds and one of the world's major rough
diamond producers. ALROSA accounts for about 100% of all rough diamonds
produced in Russia and for about 20% of the world's rough diamond output.

Diamond mining companies

ALROSA in Russia
BHP Billiton in Melbourne Australia
De Beers in Africa
Debswana in Botswana
Endiama, in Angola
Harry Winston Diamond Corporation in Canada
Petra Diamonds in five African countries
Rio Tinto Group in London and Melbourne.
Teheran Diamond in Canada

Gems & Jewellery Exports of 2012-13

Cut & Polished Diamond: 44.62%
Gold Jewellery: 46.84%
Rough Diamonds: 4.05%
Colour Gemstones: 1.67%
Others: 2.82%

Cut
Cut: is identified with the type of design of facets made on the diamond
Shape: there are various shape being made in particular cut
Cut grade: is mainly referred to the proportions of diamond from
excellent to poor depending upon their flatness, Ideal or strong.

Strong Cut

Ideal Cut

Shallow Cut

Finish: Symmetry & Polish is a over all make with perfect shaping and
mirror smoothing the surface texture

Colour

Colour occurs in a diamond for its impurity such as nitrogen, boron

and etc, and these are found in all rainbow colours.
Colour grading is done from D-Z as from colorless to light yellow or
brown
Yellow (Capes)

Brown

Colorless (White)

Diamond fluorescence are sorted

into 5 categories

11

Fancy colours are graded as per

the intensity

Clarity
Clarity is define as the degree of flawlessness, and as these
flaws increases in Size, Numbers, Position, Appearance & Type
and are graded from Flawless to Imperfect 3.
Plotting the internal & external characteristics is essential to
prove the perfect grade and identification of stone.

Flawless

Imperfect 3

Carat

The word 'carat' comes from the Greek word for locust tree,
earlier the Carob seeds was used as comparison weights for
weighing precious stones.

1 carat = 100 cents

( carat is abbreviated to ct)
1 cent = 10 fraction (Dora)
1 carat = 200 milligrams = 0.2 grams