Physics 126

Chapter 18 Review
Electric charge is an intrinsic property of protons and electrons.
Proton has positive charge and electron has negative charge.
Coulombs are units for measuring magnitude of electric charge.
During any process the net electric charge of an isolated system remains constant.
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other.
Substances that readily conduct electric charge are called conductors ex. All metals.
Materials that conduct electric charge poorly are electrical insulators ex. Rubber, plastic
Charging by contact-process of giving one object a net electric charge by placing it in
contact with another object
Charging by induction- process of giving one object a net electric charge without
touching the object to a second. Object needs to be grounded for this to work. When
bring a positive charged object towards a neutral one connected to ground the positive
charges are repelled into the ground leaving a net negative charge on the originally
neutral object.
Coulumbs law states that the magnitude of the electrostatic force exerted by one point
charge on another is equal to F=kq1q2/r2.
Important to remember F=mv2/r here for charges orbiting eachother
Forces added vectorally on multiple charge systems.
Electric field is an area surrounding a charge where it exerts an attractive force on nearby
charges.
E=F/q0
Electric fields also added vectorally
E=Kq/ r2.
Parallel plate capacitor: electric field uniform at all points in between except at edges.
E=q/epsilon*A
Sigma=q/A=charge density on plate.
Electric field lines go from positive to negative charges.
Closer together field lines are the stronger the field.
Field lines correspond to relative charge of an object5 lines vs. 2 lines5 lines has
more charge
At equilibrium under electrostatic conditions, any excess charge resides on the surface of
a conductor.
At equilibrium under electrostatic conditions, the electric field is zero at any point within
a conducting material.
Conductor shields any charge within from electric fields from outside the conductor
Electric field just outside the surface of a conductor is parallel to the surface.
Gauss law EA=Q/epsilon

6. An electron is released from rest in a uniform electric field. If the

electric field is 1.25kN/C, at the end of 20 ns the electron's velocity will
be approximately
A) 3.9 103 m/s
B) 4.4 106 m/s
C) 2.5 103 m/s
D) 2.5 105 m/s
E) 3.0 108 m/s
13. Which of the following graphs represents the magnitude of the
electric field as a function of the distance from the center of a solid
charged conducting sphere of radius
R?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V