(Oto-Hui - Com) en - Hydraulic Courses

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HYDRAULIC
TRAINING
COURSE
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Units - Part 1
PRESSURE
Common unit : bar
1 bar
= 1,02 kgf/cm
= 1 daN/cm
= 10 N/cm
= 0,99 atm
= 105 Pa (Pascal)
= about 10 m of water column (wC)
= 751 mmHg
ENERGY
Units :
Heating
Cooling
1 th/h
= 1000 kcal/h
= 1,163 kW/h
1 fg/h
= -103 cal/h
= -1 kcal/h
1 kW/h
= 860 kcal/h
-> thermy/hour (th/h)

-> frigory/hour (fg/h)
MOTOR POWER
Units : Watt (W) - kiloWatt (kW)
1 kW
1 hp
=1000 W
= 1,36 hp (horse power)
= 736 W
See also the page "definition of the power"

ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
Is equal to the gauge pressure (or relative) plus the atmospheric
pressure (1 bar at sea level)
Starts at absolute zero
GAUGE PRESSURE
Is reading pressure gauge
Starts at atmospheric pressure
An gauge pressure of 5 bar, makes 5+1= 6 bar absolute
Usually, pressure gauge are in gauge pressure.
EN hydraulic courses.xls
Units
Page 2
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Units - Part 2
HEATING - AIR CONDITIONING
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE (t)
Is the pressure difference between the inlet and the oulet of the boiler
T = Toutlet - Tinlet
HEATING POWER
Is the quantity of heat produced by a generator, during the time unit.
P = Q x t for water with :
P = heating power in kcal/h
Q = water flow in litres/hour (l/h)
FLOW
Is the water volume circulating during the time unit.
P
Q=
t
Q = water flow in litres/hour (l/h)
P = heating power in kcal/h
STATIC HEAD (Hs)
Is the difference of level between the highest and the
lowest points of the network.
Hs
Is required for calculating the static pressure of the

network.
C
STATIC PRESSURE
(Suction head)
Is equal at Hg + 0,5 to 1 bar depending of the network temperature.
NB : it is necessary to have a static pressure at the suction of the pump higher than
NB : pump NPSHr specialy in open networks or roof installations.
Units 2
Page 3
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Units - Part 3
CONVERSION FACTORS
FLOW
Given Unit
m/h
l/s
Usgpm
gpm
l/min
Multiply by
16,667
3,670
4,400
0,278
60,000
13,200
15,838
3,600
3,788
0,833
0,063
0,227
4,546
1,200
0,076
0,273
0,220
0,264
0,017
0,060
HEAD
required unit
Given Unit
l/min
gpm
USgpm
l/s
l/min
gpm
USgpm
m/h
l/min
gpm
l/s
m/h
l/min
USgpm
l/s
m/h
gpm
USgpm
l/s
m/h
bar
ft
psi
kg/cm
Multiply by
0.098 x SG
3,281
1.42 x SG
0.1 x SG
9.8 x SG
10.211 / SG
33.5 / SG
14,5
1,02
100
0,305
0.03 x SG
0.433 x SG
0.03 x SG
2.988 x SG
0.703 / SG
0,069
2.31 / SG
0,07
6,9
10 / SG
0,981
32.81 / SG
14,22
98
required unit
bar
ft
psi
kg/cm
kPa
m
ft
psi
kg/cm
kPa
m
bar
psi
kg/cm
kPa
m
bar
ft
kg/cm
kPa
m
bar
ft
psi
kPa
* SG is for Specific Gravity - pure water SG is 1 g/cm
USEFUL FORMULAS for centrifugal, mix-flow and Axial flow pumps

Flow velocity through circular pipe (m/s) =
m/h x 353.7
(pipe internal diameter in mm)
Shaft power Input (kW) =
m/h x metres head x SG

Pump efficiency () x 367
Full load current for 3 phase motor (A) =
motor kW x 100
3 x efficiency () x Volt x power factor (cos )
Full load current for 1 phase motor (A) =
motor kW x 100
efficiency () x Volt x power factor (cos )
Synchronous speed =
Frequency (Hz) x 120

Number of pole
Starting torque as % of FL torque

Starting current as % of FL current
Units 3
Direct on line
130%
Star-delta
43%
600%
200%
Page 4
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Power definition in three phase
Electrical
panel
Definition
Electrical input power for the
power supply, or consumption. It is what ones pays.
XXXX
Formula
Id.
P1
P1 = U . I .
kW
P1 =
V3 . Cos
(in Watt)
kW absorbed
Motor efficiency ()
kWh
Motor
Motor normalized nominal

power. For a fixed frecuency,
it is the power available at
motor shaft.
P2
Is to be choosen higher than the hydraulic

input power.
kW
Power absorbed by pump. For kW abs

the motor also called "util
power"
kW
P2>Hydraulic input power
= P1 x (motor efficiency)
=
Q (m3/h) x H (m) x SG
367 x (pump efficiency)
Exemple 1 - P1 determination
Exemple 2
Pump :
Water - SG = 1
Flow : 100 m3/h - Head : 19m
Pump efficiency : 75%
Testing platform
Measured data :
P.abs.Hyd =
(100x19)x1/(367x0,75) = 6,90 kW
Flow 130 m3/h - Head 22 mWC

U = 400 V - I = 19,7 A
Data : motor cos : 88%
P1=400x19,7x1,732x0,88 = 12010W
P1 = 12 kW
OPTION 1
Selected motor : P2 = 7,5 kW
Motor efficiency : 83%
P1 = 6,9 / 0,83 = 8,31 kW
kW abs. = 12 x 0,87 = 10,44 kW
Pump efficiency =
= (130x22) / (367x10,44) = 0,746
= 74,6%
OPTION 2
Selected motor : P2 = 9 kW
Motor efficiency : 85%
P1 = 6,9 / 0,85 = 8,12 kW
Power
Page 5
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Friction losses curves
DN50
Head
48 mm/m
12 mm/m
6 m3/h
Head
DN40
12 m3/h
Flow
DN50
38 mm/m
12 mm/m
6 m3/h
f.l.
Flow
Page 6
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Friction losses in serie
VALVE
FILTER
Head
Total friction losses
J1+J2
Valve friction losses
J2
Filter friction losses
J1
Flow
serie f.l.
Page 7
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Friction losses in parallel
VALVE J1
Q1
Q
Q2
FILTER J2
Head
J1
J2
J = J1 = J2
J
Q1
Q2
paralel f.l.
Q=Q1+Q2
Flow
Page 8
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Pump's hydraulic characteristic : closed loop
Total
Head
Pump's curve
Friction
losses curve
Duty
point
Head
supplied
by the
pump
Flow supplied by the pump
f.l.-closed
Flow
Page 9
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Pump's hydraulic characteristic : open loop
Total
Head
Pump's curve
Friction
losses curve
Duty
point
Head
supplied
by the
pump
Friction
losses
Geometrical
height
Flow supplied by the pump
f.l.-open
Flow
Page 10
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Over estimation of friction losses - Closed loop
Total
Head
Calculated
friction
looses
Pump 1
Real friction
looses
Calculated
duty
Pump 2
Pump 1
duty
point
Pump 2
duty
point
Calculated flow
Over-flow
Risks :
Noise in the pipework
Higher NPSHn requested
More power consumption
Faster wear
Solutions :
Trim the impeller diameter
Increase the friction losses (diaphram, valves)
Reduce the speed
f.l.-risks-closed
Page 11
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Over estimation of friction losses - Open loop

Calculated
friction
looses
Total
Head
Pump 1
Real friction
looses
Calculated
duty
Pump 1
duty
point
Pump 2
Real
friction
looses
Pump 2
duty
point
Hg
Calculated flow
Over flow
Risks :
Noise in the pipework
Higher NPSHn requested
More power consumption
Faster wear
Solutions :
Trim the impeller diameter
Increase the friction losses (diaphram, valves)
Reduce the speed
f.l.-risks-open
Page 12
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Negative suction lift

NPSHa :
Net Positive Suction Head available, depends on the installation.
NPSHr :
Net Positive Suction Head requested, depends on the pump.

(given by the pump manufacturer).
MSC :
Maximum Suction Capacity
TH :
Total Head
Pr
=> NPSHa = ( Patm - Pv ) / SG - Hs - Js

=> TH = Hs + Js + Hd + Jd + Pr
Hd
=> MSC = Patm - NPSHr
Jd
Js
Hs
CAUTION :
NPSHa > NPSHr - minimum 0,5 to 1 meter
CAVITATION risk if NPSH a < NPSHr
MSC > Ha + Ja - minimum 0,5 to 1 meter
If temperature increases, MSC decreases
If altitude increases (P atm decreases), MSC decreases
negative suction lift
Page 13
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Positive suction lift

NPSHa :
Net Positive Suction Head available, depends on the installation.
NPSHr :
Net Positive Suction Head requested, depends on the pump.

(given by the pump manufacturer).
MSC :
Maximum Suction Capacity
TH :
Total Head
Pr
=> NPSHa = ( Patm - Pv ) / SG + Hc - Js

=> TH = - Hc + Js + Hd + Jd + Pr
Hd
=> MSC = Patm - NPSHr
Jd
Hc
Js
CAUTION :
NPSHa > NPSHr - minimum 0,5 to 1 meter
CAVITATION risk if NPSH a < NPSHr
MSC > Ha + Ja - minimum 0,5 to 1 meter
If temperature increases, MSC decreases
If altitude increases (P atm decreases), MSC decreases
positive suction lift
Page 14
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Same pumps in serie
Head
H1
Pump 1
Flow
Head
Pump 2
H2
Flow
Head
H1+H2
Pumps 1 + 2
Q
Same pumps in serie
Flow
Page 15
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Same pumps in parallel

Q1
Q
Q2
Head
Head
Pump 1
Q1
Pump 2
Q2
Flow
Flow
Head
H
Pumps 1 + 2
Q1+Q2
Same pumps in parallel
Flow
Page 16
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Different pumps in serie
Head
Pump 1
H1
Flow
Head
Pump 2
H2
Q
Flow
Head
Pump 1 + 2
H1+H2
Q
Different pumps in serie
Flow
Page 17
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Different pumps in parallel

Q1
Q
Q2
Head
Head
Pump 1
Q1
Pump 2
Q2
Flow
Flow
Head
H
Pumps 1 + 2
Q1+Q2
Different pumps in parallel
Flow
Page 18
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NPSH
NPSH curse according flow
4
3
2
1
Flow
m3/h
The pump's suction capacity is defined by the NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head).
NPSH is a measurement of the difference between the local net pressure and pumped liquid's
vapor pressure (Hva)
It is one of the essential parameters to take into account when selecting a centrifugal pump in the
following cases :
a/ When the pumped water level is below the pump shaft.
b/ When the pumped fluid reaching the pump entrace is close to vapor point.
In each installation it is necessary to ensure NPSHa is greater than NPSHr.
NPSH curve
Page 19
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NPSH required
Is determinated by the pump manufacturer ; it depends of the pump type, the impeller diameter,
the flow and the pump speed.
The NPSHr (requested) of a pump, given in meters of liquid, indicates the minimum absolute
pressure necessary at the pump's suction for correct running.
NPSHr enables the pump's MSC (Maximum suction capacity)to be calculated. The MSC is given
in meters of water and indicates the height above which a pump is able to draw water and pump
normally.
Complete
emptyness
NPSHr
10,33 m
maximum
M.S.C.
Atmospheric
pressure
Atmospheric
pressure
a/ Pump drawing cold water from a tank at atmospheric pressure :

M.S.C. = Patm - NPSHr
b/ Pump sucking from a pressurized tank
M.S.C. = 10 x .
Po - Pv
SG
- NPSHr
M.S.C. : Maximum Suction Capacity

Po : Absolute pressure in the suction tank (in bar)
Pv : Vapor tension of the pumped liquid at the pumped temperature (in bar)
SG : Specific Gravity - pure water SG is 1 g/cm
NPSHr
Page 20
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NPSH available
NPSHa at pump suction depends on individual installation (fluid's nature and pressure,
temperature, vapor tension, altitude, diameter and shape of the pipes, etc.). It is totally
independent of the pump.
The NPSH available is equal to the absolute pressure at the suction flange over the vaporization
pressure of the fluid.
IN order to have the installation running properly, it is mandatory to have the NPSH
available a the pump's suction higher than the NPSH necessary for the same pump.
NPSH available > NPSH required

The security range is to be between 0,5 to 1 m head depending on the pump.
NPSHa = 10 x
Pa - Pv
SG
Va
2g
NPSHa in meters
Pa : Absolute pressure at the pump's suction.
Pv : Vapor tension of the pumped fluid.
SG : Specific Gravity - pure water SG is 1 g/cm
Va : Speed at the pump suction
g : gravity acceleration
Atmospheric
pressure
ha
Ja
M.S.C.
M.S.H.
Pv
0,5 a 1 m
NPSHa
NPSHn
Absolute
zero
NPSH available
(from the instalation)
NPSH necessary
(for the pump)
ha : suction geometric head
Ja : Suction piing network's total friction looses
NPSHa
Page 21
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Pump cavitation
Head
Head 1
Head 2
Flow
NPSH
Atm. pressure /
Pv /
ha
NPSHa
Ja
NPSHn
Flow
Good running
Cavitation
Cavitation
Page 22
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Glandless pump installation

1
0
3
0
3
4
Boiler
Radiador
Expansion
vessel
Head
Pump
Friction
looses
Pressure
diferential
(read at the
pressure
gauge)
Pump's
discharge
head
Pump's
suction
head
Expansion tank's
static pressure
Installation
Page 23
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Recommendations for a glandless pump's

installation
This is the total
dynamic head
Valve
Pressure
gauge
Suction
head
Discharge
head
Drain
Valve
1. Instal the circulator with the shaft perfectly horizontal

2. Drain at the first starting
3. Check the rotation direction for the three phase motors
4. Make sure the input current is compatible with the current indicated on the motor.
5. Electrical protection is requested for single phase motors from 100W and mandatoy for all
three phase motors.
6. Check the Total Dynamic Head and adjust the glandless pump at the correct speed (avoid to
use the circulator at the curves extermities).
7. Make sure to have the minimum head requested according the temperature (static pressure).
8. When the glandless pump isn't running, even for a long time, keep it in the water (with glycol if
necessary).
9. Make sure the glandless pump is rotating freely before starting it after a long period of time
without running.
10. Remove the circulator during chemical sludge removing operations.
Recommendations
Page 24
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Glandless pumps' suction minimum pressure
Glandless pump model
Minimum pressure according temperature

90C
3
NSB
110C
10
130C
NXL12 - NZL12 - NXL15 - NXL30 - NXL50

NYV12 - NYL12 - NYL30 - DYL30
XA15NV - C1026NV
95C maxi
NXV12 - ZOON225XV
for MXV12
CXL50
10
and
CXL2025 - CXL2050
ZOOM225XV
ZOOM225NXL - ZOOM260L
CXL70 - CXL80
5
12
13
10
17
30
11
24
13
26
10
17
30
13
26
10
17
30
16
23
36
12
19
32
SCX - DCX - SXM - DXM 40-40 et 65-50
16
29
SCX - DCX - SXM - DXM 40-80
13
20
33
SCX - DCX - SXM - DXM 50-25 ET 65-25
14
27
SCX - DCX - SXM - DXM 50-50 ET 80-25
11
18
31
SCX - DCX 80-50
14
21
34
16
23
36
CXL2070 - CXL2080
C2400NB
CXL100 - CXL2100 - ZOOM 245NXAV - ZOOM260NXAV ZOOM300L - ZOOM300NB
ZOOM320C
(E)C1115(N) - (E)C1116(N) - (E)C1120(N) (E)C1210(N) - (E)C1220(N) - (E)C1313(N) - (E)C1513(N) (E)C2500(N) - (E)C2650(N)
(E)C1230(N) - (E)C1420(N) - (E)C2655(N)
(E)C1240(N) - (E)C1430(N)(1) - (E)C1440(N)(1)
(E)C2800(1)(N) - (E)C2805(N)(6)
ECX1400 - ECX1401 - ECX1500 ECX2400 - ECX2500
ECX1501 - ECX1650 - ECX1653 - ECX 1654 - ECX1655 ECX2501 - ECX2650 - ECX2653 - ECX2654
ECX1800 - CX1801B - CX1802B ECX2800 - CX2801B - CX2802B
SCX - SXM 32-80
SCX - DCX - SXM - DXM 50-90
SCX - DCX 65-90

SX - DX 1801-1802-2801-2802
Min pressure
Page 25
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PUMP SELECTION - THE FIRST QUESTIONS

Water loop
Climatisation
Heating
1 - flow in m3/h ( Q )
or
- Heating power ( kCal/h or kW or th/h)
and
Q l/h=kCal/h
- Temperature difference ( C )
Water supply
Surface
Submerged
(water level
(water level
under 7 m)
over 7 m)
Rain water
Dirty water
Drainage - Sewage
Sewage water
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
t
X
2 - Total Head (in meters)

If unknowed, installation details
- Open circuit
- Suction
height or suction load in m
length in m
diameter in mm
height in m
- discharge
length in m
diameter in mm
Residual pressure in bar
- Loops
- Total loop length
- diameter in mm
3 - Maximum service pressure or static pressure - bar
4 - Altitude on the installation in meters
5 - Pumped fluid
- Type
- temperature
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6 - Remplacement
- Dimension between unions or flanges
- Existing pipes diameter
X
X
7 - Type of voltage
- Single phase - 230 V
- Three phase - 230 V
- Three phase - 400 V
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Document interne Salmson - Reproduction interdite
X
X
Corrosive
water
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QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE STUDY

OF A PUMPING INSTALATION
Name (or company)
Adress
Correspondant
Activity
Zip code
Tel
City
Fax
Pumped liquid :
INSTALLATION DETAILS
NATURE. a
Suction
Discharge
Clear ..a
if laden, nature a
Height between the lower
Height between the higher
Temperature (C).. a
water level and suction port
water level and discharge port
In case of replacement of a pump, indicate :
ha .
hr ..
- Brand, type, motor capacity :
Storage tank height
- Hydraulic characteristics :
hc ..
Ladena
Densitya
Total pipe length

lr m
Total pipe length
Pumping origin and location:

River.. a
Bore hole a
Tank under pressure a
City water a
la
Pit . a
Pressure (bar)
Altitude (if higher than 1000m) ... a
Suction
A1
A2
A3
da .... mm
hn .
Discharge R1
R2
R3
Filter
A4
dr. mm
lower water level
check valve
Installation type: (see drawings below)
Pipe diametre
Pipe diametre
Stainer or
yes
no
yes
no
Valves .. nb
Elbows . nb
Valves nb
Elbows .. nb
Hydraulics requirements:
Flow (m3/h) ... a
MOTOR :
Make sure the origin flow is sufficuent)
Available voltage:
Expected pressure at the last tap RP
230 V - 1 ph a
230 V - 3 ph a
50 Hz a
60 Hz a
400 V - 3 ph a
Number of persons . a
m to water a
Bladder vessel litres
SELECTED PUMP:
Flow (m3/h)
Ports
Head (mWC)
Motor kW
SUCTION
Surface pump
Maximum suction head
7m
(friction looses inc.)
Storage tank
pressure A2 or
town water supply A3
DISCHARGE
Immerged pump
Suction head
above 7m
borehole or pit
Surface or immerged pumps

Atmospheric pressure
storage tank
Drainage-Sewage
Under pressure bladder Atmospheric pressure

vessel
storage tank or sewage
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TYPE OF INSTALLATION AND ACCESSORIES

A1 - R1
A1 - R2
A2 - R1
A2 - R2
A3 - R1
A3 - R2
A4 - R1
A4 - R2
R3
TYPE OF INSTALLATION :
select
qty
unit price
total price
PUMP TYPE :
Accessories : (to select on the drawings of this page)
1 Strainer
or suction kit
2 Check Valve
3 Suction valve
or by-pass valve
4 Discharge valve
5 Relief valve
6 Bladder vessel - Capacity
litres
7 Automatisation pressure switch

8 Automitasation float switch
9 Dry running protection by float switch
10 Dry running protection by pressure switch
11 Electrical cable and junction
12 Dry running electrode and cable
13 Motor and dry running protection
14 Protection and automatisation circuit breaker
15 Over-flow alarm bell
your distributor :
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Exercice : Static pressure

Static pressure determination
Case 1
Geometric head : 20 m
Case 2
Geometric head : 3,5 m
Network temperature :
Discharge : . 90C
Suction : 70C
Which are the static pressure in both case :

Case 1
Case 2
Justify your answer

Case 1 :
Case 2 :
ex - Static pressure
Page 29
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Exercice : Tank filling and emptying
Draw an installation allowing to fill and drain alternatively each one of the tanks to the other with
only one pump.
ex - Filling and emptying
Page 30
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Exercice : Water transfert

Graphic solution required
Variable level
Constant level
10 m
10 m
0m
Requested flow : 100 m3/h
friction looses in the pipe network : 8 m a 100m 3/h
mWC
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
25
50
75
100
125
m3/h
Draw the pump's running range

Choose the right pump in the catalogue.
ex - Water transfert
Page 31
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Exercice : Two pumps running in parallel

Closed loop
1- The drawing below represents the curve of two identical pumps running in parallel.
Draw the curve for only one pump running.
2- Friction losses in the loop for one pump running is 20 m head.
What is the flow for one pump running alone ?
What is the flow for two pumps running in parallel ?
3- For a different network, keeping the possibility to have one or two pumps running,
What would be the maximum flow for 2 pumps in parallel
m Head
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2 pumps running
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
m3/h
ex - 2 p. paral closed
Page 32
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Open network
1- The hereunder drawing represents the curve for 2 pumps running in parallel
The geometric head is 16 m
2- Friction losses for one pump running is 4 m
What's the flow for one pump?
What's the flow for two pumps in parallel?
m Head
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
m3/h
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
ex - 2 p. paral open
Page 33
120
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Exercice : Speed variation

Pump's speed calculation
The hereunder graph represents a pump curve at 3000 rpm.
1-
What's the pump's speed for a duty of 110 m 3/h at 14m head ?
2-
The efficiency for the equivalent duty on the original curve is of 75%.
What's the input power at 110 m 3/h @ 14 m head with a 2 points reduction of the efficiency?
m Head
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ex - Speed variation
90
100
110
120
130
140
Page 34
3
150
m
/h
www.oto-hui.com
Exercice : Power - Power input

1- An installation requires a flow of 150 M 3/H and a head of 53 mWC
Suction head is 3 m
Pumped fluid : water, temperature of 10C, sea level
Suction pipes : 125 mm
Discharge pipes : 100 mm
The duty point has to be respected
The impeller diameter can be adjusted
Choose with the help of the 4 following curves the most economic solution
2- Define the elements characterizing the pump and the installation with the following conditions,
without changing the viscosity
Nota : For the power caculation, a 90% motor efficiency is admitted whatever the load is.
Liquid
Density
Q (m3/h) Head (m)
Water
150
53
Gasoil
0,85
150
53
Soda
1,4
150
53
NPSHa
P3
(kW)
P2
(kW)
P1
(kW)
Cost for 8000h

at 0,60 F per
kWh
3- Is the selected pump able to transport in the conditions defined at point 1 the diferent liquids
regardless the material matters?
ex - Power consumption
Page 35
www.oto-hui.com
Etabli par:
ROINSOLLE
Visa:
Vrifi par:
CORDELLIER
Visa:
NO 65-200V
PALIER
BEARING
H10
ARBRE
SHAFT
2920
24
ASP/SUCT.
REF/DISCH.
80
65
TR/MN
RPM
50 HZ
ED01 : 04.02.94
ED02 : 04.12.96
AC073090/ML
ED03 : 24.06.97
AC073438/ML
ED04 : 06.09.99
AC074185/BR
ESSAIS :
DENSITE : 1
TEST CONDITIONS : 5986848C
VISCOSITE : 1 CST
719565
Ed04
1/1
www.oto-hui.com
Etabli par:
ROINSOLLE
Visa:
Vrifi par:
CORDELLIER
Visa:
NO 65-250V
PALIER
BEARING
H21
ARBRE
SHAFT
2920
32
ASP/SUCT.
REF/DISCH.
80
65
TR/MN
RPM
50 HZ
ED01 : 04.02.94
ED02 : 04.12.96
AC073090/ML
ED03 : 24.06.97
AC073438/ML
ED04 : 06.09.99
AC074185/BR
ESSAIS :
DENSITE : 1
VISCOSITE : 1 CST
719566
Ed04
1/1
www.oto-hui.com
Etabli par:
ROINSOLLE
Visa:
Vrifi par:
CORDELLIER
Visa:
NO 80-200V
PALIER
BEARING
H21
ARBRE
SHAFT
2950
32
ASP/SUCT.
REF/DISCH.
100
80
TR/MN
RPM
50 HZ
ED01 : 04.02.94
ED02 : 04.12.96
AC073090/ML
ED03 : 24.06.97
AC073438/ML
ED04 : 06.09.99
AC074185/BR
ESSAIS :
DENSITE : 1
VISCOSITE : 1 CST
719568
Ed04
1/1
www.oto-hui.com
Etabli par:
ROINSOLLE
Visa:
Vrifi par:
CORDELLIER
Visa:
NO 100-200V
PALIER
BEARING
H21
ARBRE
SHAFT
2950
32
ASP/SUCT.
REF/DISCH.
125
100
TR/MN
RPM
50 HZ
ED01 : 04.02.94
ED02 : 04.12.96
AC073090/ML
ED03 : 24.06.97
AC073438/ML
ED04 : 06.09.99
AC074185/BR
ESSAIS :
DENSITE : 1
VISCOSITE : 1 CST
719570
Ed04
1/1
www.oto-hui.com
SOLUTION
Exercice : Static pressure

Static pressure determination
Case 1
Geometric head : 20 m
Case 2
Geometric head : 3,5 m
Network temperature :
Discharge : . 90C
Suction : 70C
Which are the static pressure in both case :

Case 1
2,8 b
27,7m
Case 2
1,4 b
13,6 m
Justify your answer

Case 1 :
Case 2 :
20 + 4,7 + 3 = 27,7 m
3,5 + 7,1 + 3 = 13,6 m
(4,7 of vapor tension , 3 of security margin)

(7,1 of vapor tension , 3 of security margin)
Solution - Static pressure
Page 40
www.oto-hui.com
SOLUTION
Exercice : Tank filling and emptying
Draw an installation allowing to fill and drain alternatively each one of the tanks to the other with
only one pump.
Solution - Filling and emptying
Page 41
www.oto-hui.com
SOLUTION
Exercice : Water transfert

Graphic solution required
Variable level
Constant level
10 m
10 m
0m
Requested flow : 100 m3/h
friction looses in the pipe network : 8 m a 100m 3/h
mWC
26
24
22
20
18
16
The pump
will operate
in this area
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
25
50
75
100
125
m3/h
Draw the pump's running range

Solution - Water transfert
Page 42
www.oto-hui.com
SOLUTION

Closed loop
1- The drawing below represents the curve of two identical pumps running in parallel.
Draw the curve for only one pump running.
2- The friction looses in the loop for one pump running is 20 m head.
What is the flow for one pump running alone ?
50 m3/h
What is the flow for two pumps running in parallel ?
57,5 m3/h
3- For a different network, keeping the possibility to have one or two pumps running,
What would be the maximum flow for 2 pumps in parallel
65 m3/h
m Head
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2 pumps running
1 pump running
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
m /h
Solution - 2 p. paral closed
Page 43
www.oto-hui.com
SOLUTION

Open network
The hereunder drawing represents the curve for 2 pumps running in parallel
The geometric head is 16 m
50 m3/h
72 m3/h

38 m3/h
46 m3/h
m Head
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
m3/h
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Solution - 2 p. paral open
Page 44
120
www.oto-hui.com
SOLUTION
Exercice : Speed variation

Pump's speed calculation
12-
The hereunder graph represents a pump curve at 3000 rpm.

3
What's the pump's speed for a duty of 110 m /h at 14m head ?
The efficiency for the equivalent duty on the original curve is of 75%.
3
What's the input power at 110 m /h @ 14 m head with a 2 points reduction of the efficiency?
Calculation :
Speed :
head at 110m3/h = 20 m, ratio is :
3000
= 2510 rpm
1,195
20
= 1,195
14
3
Corresponding head : 110 x 1.195 = 131.45 m /h
Corresponding flow : 14 x 1.195 x 1.195 = 20 m head
The speed extrapolation gives a duty point higher than the original curve, so the speed
difference is too high.
Correction : Draw the line between the calculated point and the required point, it crosses
the original curve at 125 m3/h @ 18 m head.
131,45 / 125 = 1,0516
New speed : 2 510 * 1,0516 = 2 640 rpm
3000 / 2640 = 1,136
Check :
flow 110 x 1,136 = 124,96 m3/h Head 14 x 1,136 x 1,136 = 18,06 m head.
Check :
110 14
= 5,75 kW
367 0,73
Power :
m Head
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Solution - Speed variation
100
110
120
130
140
3
150
m
/h
Page 45
www.oto-hui.com
SOLUTION
Exercice : Power - Power input

1- An installation requires a flow of 150 M 3/H and a head of 53 mWC
Suction head is 3 m
Pumped fluid : water, temperature of 10C, sea level
Suction pipes : 125 mm
Discharge pipes : 100 mm
The duty point has to be respected
The impeller diameter can be adjusted
Choose with the help of the 4 following curves the most economic solution
Choice : NO65-200 with a 214 impeller - NPSHr of 6,5 m

2- Define the elements characterizing the pump and the installation with the following conditions,
without changing the viscosity
Nota : For the power caculation, a 90% motor efficiency is admitted whatever the load is.
Q (m3/h) Head (m)
NPSHa
P3
(kW)
P2
(kW)
P1
(kW)
Cost for 8000h

at 0,60 F per
kWh
Liquid
Density
Water
150
53
7,33
27,42
30 or 37
30,47
146 242 F
Gasoil
0,85
150
53
9,15
23,31
30
25,9
124 306 F
Soda
1,4
150
53
4,38
38,39
45
42,65
204 739 F
3- Is the selected pump able to transport in the conditions defined at point 1 the diferent liquids
regardless the material matters?
NO, THE NPSH AVAILABLE FOR THE SODA IS BELOW NPSH REQUESTED
Solution - Power consumption
Page 46
www.oto-hui.com
Etabli par:
NO 65-200V
ROINSOLLE
Visa:
Vrifi par:
CORDELLIER
Visa:
PALIER
BEARING
H10
ARBRE
SHAFT
2920
24
ASP/SUCT.
REF/DISCH.
80
65
TR/MN
RPM
719565
Ed04
1/1
50 HZ
SOLUTION
ED01 : 04.02.94
ED02 : 04.12.96
AC073090/ML
6,5 m
ED03 : 24.06.97
AC073438/ML
ED04 : 06.09.99
AC074185/BR
53 m
150 m
27,42kW
ESSAIS :
DENSITE : 1
VISCOSITE : 1 CST

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-> thermy/hour (th/h)

See also the page "definition of the power"

Is required for calculating the static pressure of the

* SG is for Specific Gravity - pure water SG is 1 g/cm

USEFUL FORMULAS for centrifugal, mix-flow and Axial flow pumps

Shaft power Input (kW) =

m/h x metres head x SG

Full load current for 3 phase motor (A) =

Full load current for 1 phase motor (A) =

Frequency (Hz) x 120

Starting torque as % of FL torque

Power definition in three phase

Motor normalized nominal

Is to be choosen higher than the hydraulic

Power absorbed by pump. For kW abs

P2>Hydraulic input power

Flow 130 m3/h - Head 22 mWC

kW abs. = 12 x 0,87 = 10,44 kW

Friction losses curves

Friction losses in serie

Total friction losses

Valve friction losses

Filter friction losses

Friction losses in parallel

Pump's hydraulic characteristic : closed loop

Flow supplied by the pump

Pump's hydraulic characteristic : open loop

Flow supplied by the pump

Over estimation of friction losses - Closed loop

Over estimation of friction losses - Open loop

Negative suction lift

Net Positive Suction Head available, depends on the installation.

Net Positive Suction Head requested, depends on the pump.

Maximum Suction Capacity

=> NPSHa = ( Patm - Pv ) / SG - Hs - Js

=> MSC = Patm - NPSHr

negative suction lift

Positive suction lift

Net Positive Suction Head available, depends on the installation.

Net Positive Suction Head requested, depends on the pump.

Maximum Suction Capacity

=> NPSHa = ( Patm - Pv ) / SG + Hc - Js

=> MSC = Patm - NPSHr

positive suction lift

Same pumps in serie

Same pumps in serie

Same pumps in parallel

Same pumps in parallel

Different pumps in serie

Different pumps in serie

Different pumps in parallel

Different pumps in parallel

In each installation it is necessary to ensure NPSHa is greater than NPSHr.

a/ Pump drawing cold water from a tank at atmospheric pressure :

M.S.C. : Maximum Suction Capacity

NPSH available > NPSH required

Glandless pump installation

Recommendations for a glandless pump's

1. Instal the circulator with the shaft perfectly horizontal

Glandless pumps' suction minimum pressure

Glandless pump model

Minimum pressure according temperature