MECHATRONICS

MCB 3092
AP DR SRINIVASA RAO PEDAPATI
AUTOMATIC GARBAGE COLLECTOR

NO

NAME

ID NUMBER

1.

MOHAMAD ANIS BIN MOHD

EILHAM

17561

2.

MUHAMAD ARIF BIN FARIS

17204

3.

CHE ENGKU MOHD KHAIRI BIN

CHE ENGKU CHIK

17486

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT....3
1.0 INTRODUCTION4
2.0 OBJECTIVES...4
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Applications..5
3.2 List of Components..6
3.3 Function of Components..6
3.4 Circuit...8
4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS10
5.0 CONCLUSION...10

ABSTRACT
The project are assigned into three student per group one of part in completing
Mechatronics course. We are given several themes and also tittles of project by lecturer to choose
for complete the project. Necessary components are required to set up the circuit and
demonstrate the working circuit of prototype to the lecturer, together with an open ending report
regarding the project.
For our group, the topic is Automatic Rubbish Collector. The system is running when we
control the prototype with remote control and the system is working on the water for collect the
rubbish. It is powered by 12V battery. The battery does not consume current in the standby
mode. The kit consists of resistors, capacitors, transistors, an IC and diode. We control the model
for collect the rubbish that hard to reach like river, center of lake and drain. With this just control
with remote and the system will working and collect the rubbish when found.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
River pollution or water pollution can cause several effluents and their effect a great
concern to the health. In Malaysia, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia had their
own system to manage the rubbish in water, but the problem is, the system cannot cover the
whole river. They use a static screen system that will collect a certain amount of rubbish and at
the certain position in the river. This system is inefficient especially in high population area
where the possibility number of rubbish in river is high.
Furthermore, this system also will require a lot of manpower to collect all the rubbish and
it is require a lot of time to service the system that will cost a lot of money. So to reduce the cost,
the cleaning service was done occasionally. Besides this system, they also used a moving
machine to clean the river, but it not only cleans the rubbish, it also cleans everything in the river,
including soil. This machine cannot separate between rubbish and useful substance.

2.0 OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the project include:

1.
2.
3.
4.

To complete and run a circuit on automatic garbage collector.

To understand how does the automatic garbage collector works.
To improve the conventional garbage collection system.
To propose a recommendation on how to improve the system in the future.

3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Applications
1) River Application
River pollution or water pollution can cause several effluents and their effect a great concern to
the health. So with the automatic cabbage collector it can collect the rubbish automatically just
push the remote control. This system is inefficient especially in high population area where the
possibility number of rubbish in river is high.
2) Drainage System Application
Nowadays at drain it just only put the trapper for trap the rubbish. It needs the manpower for pull
up the rubbish. By using this automatic cabbage collector the rubbish will pull up and move to
another place automatically.

Figure 1: Garbage Trap System Applied in the River

3.2 List of Components

Components

Type

Battery

12V

Voltage Regulator

7805

Integrated Circuit (IC)

555 and 7474

Diode

BC 548

Resistor

(220K, 100)

TSOP IR receiver
Wire

1mm diameter

Capacitor

(1F)

Power Window Car Motor

DC Motor Max Torque 110N

3.3 Function of Components

1) 7805 Voltage - which provides 5V output.
2) 555 timer IC - is biased as a monostable multivibrator and used as clock generator.

3) 7474 is a D-flip flop and fed to base terminal of BC 548/BC 187.

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4) Diode - Df is a freewheeling diode used to dissipate the stored energy in the inductor
load.

5) Power Window Car Motor DC motor - the load and it will rotate only when the base
voltage is high.
6) Diode BC 548 - driver transistor, when its base voltage is high current will flow
through the load.

7) Resistor - to reduce the electric current in the circuit. The ability to reduce current is
called resistance and measured in unit of ohms ().
8) Capacitor (1F) - to store or capacity to store energy in the form of electrical charge
producing potential difference across its plates.

9) Wire connect the circuit.

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3.4 Circuit

1. Maximum voltage of TSOP and 7474 is 5v. So we are using a 7805 voltage regulator IC
which provides 5V output.
2. The output of TSOP is always 5V, and the output will be zero when IR rays strike on it.
3. 555 timer IC is biased as a monostable multivibrator. Normally its output is 0V, provided
that voltage at the 2nd pin must be greater than 1/3Vcc

4. When the voltage at the 2nd pin goes below 1/3Vcc, output switches to high (5V) for the
time interval T=1.1RC. After this time interval output returns to 0V.
5. 7474 is a D-flip flop. It is wired in Toggle mode. i.e Q to D input. 555 is used as clock
generator here.
6. When it gets a clock pulse output goes high and remains in that state till the next pulse.
7. On receiving the next pulse output goes low and remain in that state till the next pulse.
8. This process will continue. Output of 7474 is fed to base terminal of BC 548/BC 187.
9. BC 548 is a driver transistor, when its base voltage is high current will flow through the
load.
10. Here DC motor is the load and it will rotate only when the base voltage is high.
11. Diode Df is a freewheeling diode used to dissipate the stored energy in the inductor load.

Figure 2: Working model of the system.

4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
There are a few recommendations that are suggested to make the system more reliable
and more efficient.
a) Rechargeable Batteries Using Solar Panel.

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Currently the system is powered by 12V wet cell. The problem with the existing system
is the power source is not sustainable. By using solar panel with rechargeable batteries
the system can works day and night. At night, the system will use the power stored in the
batteries while during the day the power will come directly from the solar panel.
b) Use Fibre Glass Body For The System.
Currently the system is using steel as the main body. Steel is a good material but it has
some disadvantages such as heavy and easily corrodes. To counter this problem, we
introduce the usage of fibre glass. Fibre glass is a strong and light weight material. It has
high strength to weight ratio thus making in very ideal for the design.

5.0 CONCLUSIONS
From this project, we learned the practical use of sensors and transducer in everyday life.
We also manage to build the circuit for system and understand completely how the circuit works.
As well as understanding and demonstrating the use of the automatic garbage collector, we also
managed to come up with solutions to improve the mechanism. For further improvement in the
future, it is recommended that the mechatronic kit be used in actual situation so to test the full
capacity of the sensor. Other than that, we manage to improve the conventional garbage
collection system that uses many labour forces. Thus, by using the system the cost of managing
waste can be reduced.

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