ORGANIZATION

ATLAS HONDA LIMITED SHEIKHPURA

SUBMITED BY.

ABDUL RAUF

REGISTRATION
NO.
SESSION.

11013372-009

SUBMISSION
DATE.

2011-2015
26-05-2015

1.1 Dedications
Our work is dedicated to our beloved parents, teachers, brothers, sisters
and all of our well wishers.

1.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To Him belongs the dimension of the Heavens and the earth, it is
He who
gives Life and
death and He has power over all things.
(Al-Quran)
With the deep sense of gratitude, bow my head before God for enabling us
to complete this internship. Thanks is too small a word to describe what
we feel for our venerable parents and worthy teachers and for their
valuable suggestions, through provoking guidance during our internship
We are also thankful to Mr. Waqar and Mr. Rana Shahzad who helped us
a lot for our internship & provided his encouragement & support.
We are also thankful to my internship mentor Mr. Mahfooz Butt & Mr. Wasif
Butt whose guidance helped us throughout the internship.
We are thankful to whole Millat staff because during our two week
internship, we got a lot support & guidance from all of the MILLAT staff.
We are thankful and grateful to our friends who provide us required
information which was necessary to complete this report.

1.3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

The management of the company was transferred to the employees
group in 1992. After that, production and marketing activities were
recognized to improve performance and profitability of company.
Employees management accepted the challenge with new determination
to lift the company to greater height of glory not only through efficient use
of existing resources but also through product diversification and
exploring new avenues of business expansion.
At present, the company has 7 different models of tractors ranging
from 50 HP to 120 HP which meet all agro-climatic conditions, farms and
buying capacities of various segments of farmers.
The company has spread its products throughout the length and
breadth of the country. Today the population of MF tractors made by MTL
exceeds 250,000 while the total number of tractors in the country is

approximately 500,000. In other words, every second tractor in Pakistan is

MF tractor.
Millat Tractors Limited today consists of a group of four companies
and a market leader with its eyes set on becoming a global player in times
to come, keeping in view the increasing demand of the groups products
within and outside the country.
The companys pioneering efforts have developed vendor industry
which now serves as a hub for the entire automobile and engineering
sector of Pakistan. Sincere efforts of the company has produced
substantial savings, self-reliance and controlled tractor prices over the
year.
Agricultural mechanization has realized through introduction of
modern implements and induction of skilled manpower trained the
groomed by the efforts of the company. On the social front, the company
has lent a helping hand to charitable, educational institutions and
hospitals.
MILLAT HAS TRULY SERVED THE NATION IN ALL SPHERES.
This report is about the internship that we have undergone at MILLAT
TRACTORS Limited, SKP from 1st June,2015 to 30 June, 2015. The main
purpose of internship is to learn, by working in a practical scenario and to
apply the knowledge acquired during studies, in a real world scenario to
tackle the problems.
The key learning & their activities from each department have been
discussed in the report. The Production planning & control, vendor
procurement and quality assurance were under study for the longer span.
While the processes used in the shops are described only.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No. 01
1.1
1.2

Introduction
History

Chapter No. 02
2.1 Production Line up
2.2 Introduction to Internship Program
2.3

Overview of MTL Deptartments

Chapter No. 03
3.1 Machining Department
3.2 Engine assembly plant
3.3 Tractor assembly plant
3.4
Quality Control
Chapter No. 04
4.1 IFS
4.2
Suggestions
4.3
Conclusion

2.1 Overview of the Organization

2.1 History:
Millat Tractors Limited was established in 1964 to introduce and market
Massey Fergosun (MF) Tractors in Pakistan. An assembly plant was set up
in 1967 to assemble tractors imported in semi knocked down (SKD)
condition.
In 1972, the company was nationalized under economic reforms order and
renamed as Millat Tractors Limited.
In 1980, the government decided on indigenization of the tractor
and entrusted this task to MTL. This was the turning point in the
companys history and it went about the task methodically and rapidly.
The company undertook this new role with enthusiasm and in the
spirit of national development and proved its engineering capabilities by
surpassing the deletion targets set by the government.
Pakistan Tractor Corporation transferred this role of indigenization in 1981
to Millat Tractors Limited. Just in one year's time, the company took a
giant step towards self-reliance by setting up the first engine assembly
plant in Pakistan.
In 1982, MTL took a giant step towards self-reliance by setting up the first
engine assembly plant in Pakistan. This brought the manufacturing
facilities in-house for which capabilities did not exist in the country and for
parts which required high investment and precision.
Therefore, in 1984, sophisticated manufacturing facilities for the
machining of intricate components were set up. These were previously not
available in Pakistan. Currently, critical components like the engine block,
sump, transmission case, axle housing, hydraulic lift cover, front axle
support and Centre housing are all being machined most successfully inhouse at Millat Tractors from local-sourced castings.
In 1992, the company was privatized and the employees joined
hands and took over its management by winning an open bid.
The tractor Assembly plant started its production in 1992. The
establishment of this modern plant not only increased production capacity
to 16,000 tractors per year on a single shift basis, but also provided a
quantum jump to the quality of the assembled tractors and pushed MTL
into the ranks of the major tractor manufacturing companies of the world.
In 1993, MTL acquired the management control of Bolan Castings
Limited in partnership with the employees of that company.
Mass production of Generating Sets was started in 1994, while a 3
ton forklift truck branded as Millat, based on TCM technology, was
launched in the year 2002. Both of these products are made by using
Perkins Engines and have been well accepted by the market.

In 2002, MTL established a wholly owned company named Millat

Industrial Products (Pvt) Limited to manufacture quality automotive
batteries. MTL believes in providing best value for money to its customers.

2.2 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION

MILLAT TRACTORS Ltd.
Millat Tractors Limited (MTL), an ISO 9002 certified company for its
Assembly Plants and Material Testing and Gauge Control Laboratory, is
Pakistans leading engineering concern in automobile sector.
It is manufacturing tractors under licensing agreement with Massey
Ferguson, UK (owned by AGCO, USA), Diesel engines in technical
collaboration with Perkins Engines UK, Diesel Generating Sets, utilizing
alternators from Leroy Somer of France and Stanford New age of UK and
the Forklift trucks under license from Heli Forklift Trucks China, and a
range of Agricultural Implements.
The company is also dedicated to customize its products as per
customers requirements. Millat tractors is a perfect example of
harmonious and successful business relations between a Pakistani
company and its foreign partners, both from industrialized west and
upcoming East China. These relations that span a period of well over
quarter of a century and encompass a broad spectrum of investments and
technology transfer agreements are a model for other companies
venturing out to attract foreign investments.
Millat tractors has played a vital role in transfer of technology and
transformation of the fledlging local light engineering sector into a robust,
vibrant, quality concious Auto Vending industry. There is a constant
endeavor at all levels of the organization to better the companys
performance by offering upgraded range of its products and services.
MTLs cardinal principle has been to keep abreast with the latest
technology.
The company has been the regular recipient of the Corporate Excellence
Awards of Management Association of Pakistan and the Top Companies
Awards of Karachi Stock Exchange since early eighties. Millat Tractors
Limited exports its various products like tractors, industrial equipment to
different countries like Afghanistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal
etc.

2.3 Policy of the organization:

2.3.1 SAFETY POLICY:

1. All the employees have been provided safety equipment during
performance of their duties.
2. An upgraded fire fighting system has been installed to cope with any
mishap.
3. All the machinery has been fenced properly to avoid any type of
accident causing injury to the employees as well as to the
machinery.
4. Special arrangements have been made for the availability of filtered
drinking water for the employees.
5. All the employees are insured under Group Life Insurance Scheme.

2.3.2 HEALTH POLICY:

All the employees are got medically checked periodically through the
Companys panel Hospitals to diagnose diseases if any. In case someone is
found suffering from some disease, the Company provides him medical
treatment at its own expenses or through insurance company.

2.3.3 ENVIRONMENT POLICY:

The Company has a separate horticulture department to make the

environment pleasant, green and full of flowers.
The Company also participates in various competitions on
horticulture arranged by Government and other Institutions.

2.3.4 COMPITIORS:

Ghazi
Ursus
Farmatrac
Ford
Holand

2.4 BOARD OF DIRECTORS:

All decisions regarding:
1 New investments.
2 New borrowings.

3 Approval of annual/ half yearly/ quarterly accounts/ dividend/

bonus etc.
4 All management and operational decisions.

CHIEF EXECUTIVE:
5 Overall controlling of the operations.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR:
6 To manage all the business activities of the company.

COMPANY SECRETARY:
7 To manage all secretarial jobs as required by the companies
ordinance.

TECHNICAL DIRECTOR:
8 To manage the operational activities of the company.
9 To improve the quality/standard of the products.
10 To suggest the modernization/expansion plans.

DIRECTOR FINANCE:
11 To manage the all-financial matters of the company.
12 To manage/improve the management information system.
13 To manage the accounting, costing, taxation, auditing and all other
related matters.

GENRAL MANAGERS PURCHASE:

14 To manage the local purchases and imports of the company.

GENRAL MANAGERS / GENRAL MANAGERS ACCOUNTS

15 To manage the monthly, quarterly, half quarterly and annual
accounts of the company.

MANAGERS TAXATION:
16 To manage all the matters related to taxation.

GENRAL MANAGERS ADMINISTRATION

17 To manage the personal and the administration matters of the
company.

2.5 Organizational Structure

Chairman &
Board of Directors

SIKANDAR MUSTAFA
KHAN
Chairman
LATIF KHALID HASHMI
Director
SOHAIL BASHIR RANA
Director
LAEEQ UDDIN ANSARI
Director
MIAN MUHAMMAD
SALEEM
Director / Company
Secretary
S M IRFAN AQUEEL
Chief Executive Officer
JAVED MUNIR
Director Finance / CFO
MUHAMMAD AKRAM
GM (Marketing)
FAROGH IQBAL AHMED
GM (Engineering &
Supply Chain)
M. ATHAR ZUBAIR
GM (Quality Assurance)
MANSOOR A, ABBASI
GM (Production)
MUHAMMAD AYAZ
KHURSHID
GM (IT)
NASIM A. SANDHU
GM (A&P)
JAFFAR H. NAQVI
DGM (Maintenance)
M. SHAHID MUFTI

Company
Secretary

Chairman Boards
Committee
for Group
Director

Director

Director

Director

Chairman
Audit
Committee

Chief
Executive

Director
(Finance/CF
O)
GM
GM
SM (IPD)
Marketi
Finance

GM
Quality

GM
Assemb

GM (IT)

Head of
GMDGM
Maintenan
Internal
Audit
Producti

Number of Employees
1. Permanent 250
2. Contract 2500
3. Daily wages 800

Main offices
Head Office
Millat Tractors Limited
Sheikhupura Road,
Shahdara Lahore.
Millat Equipment office
10 KM, Raiwind Rd.

3.1 Introduction of All Departments

Production Department
The responsibilities of production department are to produce
different products of MTL with the specified standards of quality.
The production department consists of four divisions. The
assembly plants are ISO 9001:2000 certified for QMS. The
functions of the department are being converted to Enterprise
Software i.e.IFS.

Technical Department

The Technical Department is responsible for development of new

products. The BOM for different products is developed and
updated here. The vendors are developed for different
components by this department. The changes in prices for
components are also negotiated with vendors by personnel of
technical department.

Material Management Department.

The Scheduling, Ordering, Storage and Issuance of material for
Production are done in this department. Three month schedules are
prepared according to the availability of material and production
plan approved by Production and marketing in some divisions.

Maintenance Department
The Maintenance department is responsible for keeping the plant
in running condition and undertaking improvement projects. The
scope of maintenance work ranges from civil, Mechanical and
Electrical.

Finance Department
Capital allocation, issuance and costing are some of the main
functions of this department.

IT Department
The installation and maintenance of computers, networks and
software packages being used by the company are the main
responsibilities of this department. An on-going special
assignment for IT is related to coordination between other
departments and foreign and local consultants for successful
implementation of IFS.

Marketing Department
The different divisions of marketing department are responsible
for Pre delivery inspection, Delivery and Marketing of products of
MTL.

Quality Control Department

The effective implementation of QA procedures is the
responsibility of this department. The Product Quality is the direct

responsibility of this department at various stages of production.

They functions with the help of quality inspectors on production
Lines and a state-of-the-art QC Lab. This Lab is ISO certified by
Moodys international.

Administration Department
The different divisions of Admin department are responsible for
Human Recourse Development, Security, Purchase Ordering,
Horticulture of the company. The other services like food
availability for personnel are also a responsibility of this
department.

Internal Audi Department

To assure the transparency in functionality of different
departments, the IA Department conducts periodic audit of these
departments.

Manufacturing Departments
Production Department
The Production Department of MTL is responsible for
manufacture of MTL products which are complaint with the
strict levels of quality. The products include tractors, fork
lifters, generators sets.

Engine Assembly Plant

The EAP is responsible for production of Engines for Products
of TAP and MPA like Tractors of all models, Gen-Sets etc. The
Central Loop is fed by sub-assemblies around it. There are
some stages of Quality inspection for building Quality in the
products.

Tractor Assembly Plant

The TAP is responsible for assembly of different models of
the Tractors. The plant consists of Rear
Axle Build, Line 1, Line2, and Line3. Line 2 is managed by ICI
Industrial Coatings Ltd. The production rate of Main
Conveyor ranges from 8-15 Tractors/Hour according to need.

The sub-assemblies are also synchronized with the speed of

the main conveyor.

Multi- Products Assembly Plant

The MPA division is responsible for the production of
products like Fork Lift Trucks and Gen-Sets.
The primary customers for the Gen-Sets are PTCL and PAF.

4.1 PLAN OF INTERNSHIP PROGRAME

(a)
1234-

I do internship in four department

Manufacturing / Machining Department

Engine Department
Tractor Assembly Plat
Quality Assurance Department

(b)

Start and end date of internship

The internship Program started on

th

14

June, 2010 & ended on

25

2010.

( c ) Duration spend in departments:

During internship the departments under study were:

Tractor Manufacturing / Machining Dpt. from 1 to

Tractor Engine Assembly Plant from 8 to 13 June.

Tractor Assembly Plant from 15 to 23rd June.

Quality Control Dpt. From 24 to 30th June.

5 Training Program

6t h

June.

th

June

5.1.1 MACHINING DEPARTMENT

There are following seven machining lines in the Machining department of
MTL.
The Machining Process like Drilling, Boring, Threading, Facing etc.
are carried out on the parts of Engines and Tractors. There are different
Lines for different products. It means that the Plant has Products-Type
Layout. The material is issued form MM store to Machining Division with
the help of ITN (Internal Transfer Note). It is then sent to MM store as
finished products, which are then issued to either EAP or TAP.

5.1.2 MACHINING:
Machining is the process of removing material from a work piece in
the form of chips.
The term metal cutting is used when the material is metallic. Most
machining has very low set-up cost compared to forming, molding, and
casting processes. However, machining is much more expensive for high
volumes. Machining is necessary where tight tolerances on dimensions and
finishes are required.
Machining Department is one of the major departments of MTL. Machining
of major parts of tractor is done in this deptt. Almost all types of machining
processes can be seen in this deptt .the major machining processes are

o
o
o
o
o

Milling
Drilling
Tapping
Turning
Honing etc.

5.1.2 DRILLING:
Drilling is the most common machining process. One
estimate is that 75% of all metal-cutting material
removed
comes
from
drilling
operations.
Drilling involves the creation of holes that are right
circular cylinders. This is accomplished most typically
by using a twist drill. The figure below illustrates a
cross section of a hole being cut by a common twist
drill:
The chips must exit through the flutes to the outside
of
the tool. As can be seen in the figure, the cutting front is
embedded within the work piece, making cooling difficult.
The
cutting area can be flooded, coolant spray mist can be applied, or coolant
can be deli-veered through the drill bit shaft.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DRILLING:

The characteristics of drilling that set it apart from other powered metal
cutting operations are:

The chips must exit out of the hole created by the cutting.

Chip exit can cause problems when chips are large and/or
continuous.

For deep holes in large work pieces, coolant may need to be

delivered through the drill shaft to the cutting front.

Among the powered metal cutting processes, drilling on a drill press

is the most likely to be performed by someone who is not a
machinist.

Thefigure below labels the important angles for a typical twist drill bit.

The figures below illustrate various drill bits and their cut hole
configurations

5.1.3 BORING
Boring is used to accurately enlarge existing holes and make their
diameters highly accurate
Boring is used for holes that need to have diameter and total run
out controlled to a high degree. Typically, a part has holes machined on
regular equipment and then the part is transferred to
a
dedicated boring machine for final operations on
the
especially accurate holes. Boring can also maintain
high accuracy between multiple holes or holes and
surfaces. Tolerances can be held readily
within .005 mm (0.0002 inches).
Dedicated boring machines are designed to
machine holes with the tightest tolerances
possible with a machine tool.
When designing a part with holes, it is
important to determine what holes must be
bored. The reason for this is that jig boring requires
extra time
and attention, and the jig boring machine at the
machine
shop may have a back log of jobs. Jig boring can therefore have a big
impact on the lead time of a part. A cross section of a hole being jig bored
is shown below

5.1.4 REAMING
Reaming is a process which slightly enlarges a pre-existing hole to
a required diameter.
A reamer is similar to a mill bit
in that it has several cutting edges
arranged around a central shaft, as
shown below. Because of the delicate nature of
the operation and since little material is
removed, reaming can be done by hand.
Reaming is most accurate for axially symmetric
are produced.

parts

5.1.5 HONING
Honing is a final finishing operation
conducted on a surface, typically of an inside
cylinder, such as of an automotive engine block.
Abrasive stones are used to remove minute
of material in order to attain the dimensions with in
limits in cylindrical parts. Honing is a surface finish
operation, not a gross geometry-modifying operation.

amounts
tolerance

5.1.6 MACHINING LINES

A machine line is a sequence of several machines that are arranged for
the manufacturing of a specific part or a group of parts

Cylinder Head Line

Centre Housing Line
Transmission Case Line
Lube Oil Sump 240 Line
Cylinder Block Line
Axle Housing Line
Sump 4.41 Line

5.2 ENGINE ASSEMBLY PLANT

THERMAL ADVANTAGES OF DIESEL:

Loss of coolant
Friction
Exhaust gases
Thermal efficiency

31%
11%
24%
34%

In engine assembly plant, different engine parts are brought in and then
assembled to form the basic and major part of the tractor The engine.
First of all, components are cleaned for the removal of any oil and
degreasing purposes in machine by Trichlone at 50 degrees centigrade.
Components contain crankshaft and some gears and the cylinder block.

The crankshaft is first assembled on the main cylinder block and then
cylinder caps and bushings are placed and bolted.
Cylinder block is mounted on a movable turning fixture to pass through a
line of different processes.
Pistons are graded as A, B, C so that the piston are should be fit
accurately for required combustion
A

0-15

15-30

30-45

(Units are in Micron)

Pistons fitted with piston rings are injected in the cylinders in a particular
arrangement of their rings. Compression and oil rings are adjusted such
that their ring cuts do not align with each other to prevent the air or fuel
leakage.
Idler gears and some other major components like fuel injection pump and
oil pump are also bolted to mesh with the idler gear
Idler gear provides power from crankshaft to all the other components
that are required to perform certain tasks to run an engine.
These PERKINS Diesel engine are designed to run at maximum RPM of
2470 but these are set for 2200RPM as standard for the using purpose.

5.2.1 TESTING SHOP

When all of the components of the engine are attached and the assembly
of engine is complete, then the engine is brought into a lab containing
Engine Test Run Beds.
Engines are operated for the very first time on these beds to check their
performance at different speeds to meet the needs. Power and oil
pressures are also checked in Test Run.
If any engine is found to undergo any problem in any part of the run, then
it is sent to another section called Rectification Shop.
Professional technicians then locate the problem by their experience and
fix it. Then engines are then sent to the main tractor assembly area

5.2.2 CRANK SHAFT

Crank shaft is fitted in the Cylinder Block. Its function is to
convert the reciprocating motion into circular motion.
When placing in the cylinder block, some bushings are first placed on
the sections to prevent wear and tear of this expensive part. Bearing
caps also prevent the crankshaft as well as support it when running at
high RPMs.
Side bearing surfaces are also added around the center Web of the
shaft

5.2.3 PISTON
Piston moves in reciprocating manner. They move due to heat
energy which comes from the burning of fuel, the fuel used is diesel.
The pistons are connected to crank shaft through connecting rods
which transfer the movement of pistons to crankshaft.
In Millat Tractor, the three cylinder engine of MF-240 and MF-260 uses the
aluminum alloy piston with 1 compression and 2 scrapper rings and an oil
ring, total of 4 rings.

5.2.4 FLY WHEEL

The flywheel is used to store the power as it has large
moment of inertia. The power is coming in one stroke that is why we
use flywheel to get power continuously.
During the assembly of engine, flywheel is added last.

5.2.5 TYPES OF PUMPS USED IN ENGINE

There are four types of pumps used in engine.
1. Lift Pump:
It pumps the fuel from fuel tank to fuel injection
pump through fuel filter.
2. Fuel Injection Pump:
It pumps the fuel into the cylinder. It takes fuel
from lift pump. It is called as the heart of the engine.
3. Lubricating Oil Pump:
The function of this pump is to move the
lubricating oil from sump to all working parts of the engine.
4. Water Pump:
This pump moves water from radiator to water gallery
of the cylinder block in order to prevent the heating of engine.

5.2.6 Engine Weights

Engine Type

Engine Weight

MF-240

250 kgs

MF-260 (Turbo charger)

255 kgs

MF-375S

305 kgs

MF-285

355 kgs

5.2.7 Engine Oil Capacity

Engine Type

Capacity

D 3.152/T3.1524

6.80 liter

4.41/4WD/4.41E

7.50 liter

5.2.8 Engine Power

MF-240

50 hp

MF-260 (Turbo charger)

60 hp

MF-375S

75 hp

MF-385

85 hp

MF-385 4WD

85 hp

5.3 TRACTOR ASSEMBLY PLANT

Assembling department is totally responsible of collecting parts which are

gathered from more than 250 vendors and Perkins engines from England
and assemble a structure which is widely used for making the land of
Pakistan fertile and cultivable.
Assembling department is using U-shaped assembly line for
assembling tractors. These are the main activities involved in
assembling.
Engine basement is firstly put onto the assembly line
Make smaller additions of structures in a calculated time

Then this structure is sent for paint in painting department which is

a part of that assembly line
Other body parts having Red color are also painted there
When that basic structure is painted wheels are fitted with it
Assembled engine is then fitted ion this structure
Seats and other accessories like gears breaks accelerator etc is fitted
Finally all the nuts and bolts are tighten for strengthening
Testing department checks the quality of color and test drive
After final approval tractor is ready for delivery and wait in the queue.

5.3.1 CROWN WHEEL AND PINION

A crown wheel is a wheel with cogs or teeth set at right angles to its
plane and the pinion is a small cogwheel that meshes with the
crown wheel. The pinion thread is specially made on
the thread grinder to ensure proper fitting. Tooth
contact of a crown pinion is inspected on a
Gleason machine at regular intervals of time
for uniform hardness and adequate case
depth. They are checked thoroughly for high
spots because this ensures premature failure
and noise-free operation. The crown wheel &
pinion are paired and checked for centralized
tooth bearing and desired proximity. An elliptoid
contact
pattern is ensured between the crown wheel and pinion. They are made of
fine-grained steel billet.

5.3.2 BEVEL GEAR

Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts
intersect and the tooth-bearing faces of the gears
themselves are conically shaped. Bevel gears
are most often mounted on shafts that are 90
degrees apart, but can be designed to work at
angles as well. The pitch surface of bevel gears is a

other
cone.

5.3.4 POWER TAKE-OFF SYSTEMS AND

HYDRAULICS
In addition to towing an implement or supplying attractive power through
the wheels, most tractors have a means to transfer power to another
machine such as a baler, swathe, or mower. Unless it functions solely by
pulling it through or over the ground, a towed implement needs its own
power source or else a means of transmitting power from the tractor to
the mechanical operations of the equipment.
Early tractors used belts or cables
wrapped around the flywheel or a
separate belt pulley to power stationary
equipment, such as a threshing
machine, buzz saw, silage blower, or
stationary baler. In most cases, it was
not practical for the tractor and
equipment to move with a flexible belt
or cable between them, so this system
necessitated that the tractor remain in one location with the work brought
to the equipment, or that the tractor be relocated at each turn and the
power set-up reapplied.
Modern tractors use a power take-off (PTO) shaft to provide rotary power
to machinery that may be stationary or pulled. The PTO shaft generally is
at the rear of the tractor, and can be connected to an implement that is
either towed by a drawbar or a three-point hitch. This eliminates the need
for a separate implement-mounted power source, which is almost never
seen in modern farm equipment.
Virtually all modern tractors can also provide external hydraulic fluid and
electrical power to the equipment they are towing, either by hoses or
wires.

5.3.5 TRANSMISSION (MECHANICS)

A transmission or gearbox provides speed and torque conversions from
a rotating power source to another device using gear ratios. In British
English the term transmission refers to the whole drive train, including
gearbox, clutch, prop shaft (for rear-wheel drive), differential and final
drive shafts. The most common use is
in
motor
vehicles,
where
the
transmission adapts the output of the
internal combustion engine to the drive
wheels. Such engines need to operate
at a relatively high rotational speed,
which is inappropriate for starting,
stopping, and slower travel. The
transmission reduces the higher engine
speed to the slower wheel speed,
increasing torque in the process. Transmissions are also used on pedal
bicycles, fixed machines, and anywhere else rotational speed and torque
needs to be adapted.
There are two types of gearing systems, Manual and Automatic.

5.3.6 MANUAL TRANSMISSION:

Manual transmission comes in two basic
types:
a simple but rugged sliding-mesh or
unsynchronized / non-synchronous
system, where straight-cut spur gear sets
are spinning freely, and must be
synchronized by the operator matching
engine revs to road speed, to avoid noisy and damaging "gear clash",
and the now common constant-mesh gearboxes which can include
non-synchronized, or synchronized / synchromesh systems, where
diagonal cut helical (and sometimes double-helical) gear sets are
constantly "meshed" together, and a dog clutch is used for changing
gears. On synchromesh boxes, friction cones or "synchrony-rings" are
used in addition to the dog clutch.

5.3.7 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION:

Epicyclical gearing or planetary gearing as used in an automatic
transmission.
They primarily use hydraulics to select gears, depending on pressure
exerted by fluid within the transmission assembly. Rather than using a
clutch to engage the transmission, a fluid
flywheel, or torque converter is placed in
between the engine and transmission. It is
possible for the driver to control the number
of gears in use or select reverse, though
precise control of which gear is in use may or
may not be possible. Automatic transmissions are easy to use.

5.3.8 DESCRIPTION OF TAP:

This are will define the different processes being held in different sections
of TAP.

5.3.9 SEGREGATION AND DEGREASING:

The components from vendors are degreased here. and then components
are supplied to all stages

5.3.10 REAR AXLE BUILD:

At this stage, rear axle is assembled. this stage is subdivided in different
units as,
o Crown wheel assembly
o Centre housing assembly

o Hydraulic pump assembly

o Axle shaft assembly
o Axle housing assembly
o Hydraulic lift cover assembly
These all sub stages provide different components and assembly of
rear axles along with centre housing is done. Hydraulic pump and lift
cover is also installed.

5.3.11 HUDRAULIC SYSTEM TEST RIG:

Hydraulic lift cover is then checked at this section to ensure that all the
lifting components are working correctly.

5.3.12 CHASIS BUILD:

This stage is also subdivided in different sections.
Link and Yoke assembly
Transmission assembly
Engine assembly
Front support assembly
Foot Board and steering assembly
Brake paddle assembly
Fuel tank bracket assembly
Links and yokes along with other gears are assembled in the transmission
case to make it work for the power and speed conversion. Pressure plate
and clutch plate are bolted in the flywheel of the engine. Transmission
case and engine are attached to the centre housing on the moving DOCK.
Then front support, footboard, stearing, brake paddles and brackets for
fuel tank are attached.

5.3.13 CHASIS PAINT SHOP

Chassis paint shop contains three sub sections.
o Grey paint on chassis
o Red/green colour coating
o Heating oven
The chassis is first painted manually after sealing the necessary holes and
screws. In other sections, Red/Green colour is painted after degreasing the
sheet metal from the inventory. Degreasing and primer coating is done

automatically. Then both, chassis and sheet metal parts are brought into
heating oven to let them dry.

5.3.14 FINAL BUILD

In final build stage, there are certain other sub stages too
o Radiator
o Fuel tank
o Wiring
o Seat assembly
o Link chain
o Bulk head
o Dash board
o Accelerator
o Battery
o Wrapper
o Hood top
o Fender
o Front grill
o Fuel/grease/oil
o Front tire
o Rear tire
o Lower Links
All the listed components are attached one by one to the recently painted
and baked portion of the tractor. Meanwhile wrapping section attaches the
MTL monogrammed sticker to the Hoods.
Big tractors MF-375 is filled with 37litres of Mobil oil while small unit i.e.
MF-240 are filled with 32litres. 9 liters of diesel is also pump into their
tanks.

5.3.14 RACTIFICATION
This section checks the recently manufactured tractors for the very first
time. Technicians test drives each one of the tractor to ensure the proper
working of each component. If any minor trouble is found, skillful workers
take it into notice right on the place. For major problems tractor is sent to
another section.
After maintenance, tractors are also sent to road tests.

5.3.15 TOUCH UP PAINT BOOTH

If paint is missing on any of the components, it is repainted in touch up
paint section.

5.3.16 PREDELIVERY INSPECTION

After minor and major rectification and also after passing the paint n
retouching section, pre delivery inspection is done on the tractor in a PDI
deptt. If tractor has passed all the sections then a PDI sticker is applied on
it to ensure that marketing section can now hand it over to its owner.
PDI and segregation are not considered the part of TAP but they are
former and later stages of TAP.

5.4 QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

There are three main sections of quality control department.

1.
2.
3.
4.

QC-Assembly
QC-BOF
QC-Machining
QC- Lab and Gauge Control

5.4.1 QC-ASSEMBLY:
In this section, the quality of assembling of different
parts is checked. In MTL, we have three assembling units.
1. EAP (Engine Assembly Plant)
2. TAP (Tractor Assembly Plant)
3. MPA (Multi Products Assembly)

GAUGE STORE:
Different types of gauges and fixture are available in gauge room for
inspection of incoming supplies and in house machining components.
Gauges are used where production is involved

Plug and Pneumatic Plug gauges

Snap gauges
Thread gauges
Thread ring gauges

MECHANICAL TESTING LAB:

Mechanical Testing lab is concerned about measurement of different
mechanical properties of parts like hardness, ultimate tensile strength,
compression test, bend test, pull test, elongation, impact testing, yield
strength etc.
To meet above tasks this lab is provided with following machines.

o
o
o
o

Brinell Hardness Testing Machine

Rockwell Hardness Testing Machine
Chirpy Impact Testing Machine
Universal Testing Machine (UTS)

Rockwell Hardness Testing Machine is used to measure hardness of harden

and tempered materials and Brunel Hardness Testing Machine is used to
measure hardness of forged and casting materials.
VPN and BHN are the hardness numbers that provide the mechanical
properties information about the material being test
Pull test:
Impact test:

Test the threads of studs

Tests the fatigue of material

Vickers hardness test:

for CASE hardness of material

Rockwell harness test:

for surface hardness of material

METALLURGICAL LAB:
This lab is concerned about study of castings, forgings and heat treated
materials.
In this lab

 Microstructure of castings is observed.

Grain size of forgings is observed.
Various types of case depths, surface hardness and core hardness of
heat treated materials is observed.
This lab is divided into two sections.
Sample preparation.

Microscopic Analysis.
In Microscopic analysis sample is observed under microscope and
hardness is measured with Vicker Hardness Machine and then reports is
prepared.

CHEMICAL TESTING LAB:

This lab is concerned about study of chemical composition of material,
rubber testing, paint testing, and corrosion resistance testing of
components.
This lab consists of following apparatus
o Carbon strolling apparatus
o Spectrophotometer (for Phosphorus)
o Titration unit
o Muffle unit
o Viscosity bath
o Flash point tester
o Ovens
o Salt spray machine
o Purometer hardness test (for rubber)
The operations performed on these machines are ,

Chemical composition of ferrous and non ferrous alloys is checked.

Different properties related to rubber are checked here like

Hardness (DHN), Heat aging, volumetric expansion, Oil resistance
etc.

Different properties of paints are checked here like

Adhesiveness, gloss, flexibility etc.

Sault Spray Test is conducted to check out corrosion

resistance of components. In this test corrosion atmosphere is
produced in chamber in accordance with ASTNB117 (5% NaCl
solution, 1.5bar pressure, 35C temperature) and samples are
tested in this chamber for given time.

OIL TESTING LAB:

In this lab diesel, lubrication oil and grease are checked.

Flash point of diesel and lubrication oils is checked. Two

types of Flash point apparatus are used here.

o Close Cup Apparatus is used to check flash point of diesel.

o Open Cup Apparatus is used to check flash point of
lubrication oil.

Total Base Number of diesel and lubrication oil is checked

on TBN Tester.

Viscosity of diesel and lubrication oil is checked on

viscometer.

Dropping point of grease is checked.

TEST RIGS SECTION:

Test rigs section is provided with different rigs for function and
performance test of different components.
Test rigs available in this section are given below.

Oil bath performance test rig.

Hydraulic linkage performance test rig.
Air pressure leakage test for oil bath and fuel tank.
Starter motor performance test rig.
Power steering performance test rig.
Alternator performance test rig.
Wire harness performance test bench.
Test bench for
o Temperature gauge.
o Fuel gauge.
o Battery gauge.

Test bench for Tractor meter.

Load test rig for

o Cable hand throttle pump.
o Cable foot throttle.
o Cable hand brake.

6.0 Analysis

SUPPORT ACTIVTIES
INFRASTRUCTURE: The Company has its own infrastructure to
manufacture its products and to launch them in market.

HR MANAGEMENT: The Company has a strong HR network as up-to date

training, motivating and rewarding the workforce on efficient work is the
part of organization.

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT: MTL is known for its advancement in

technological sector throughout the country yet the company is aiming to
be better in that sector.
PROCUREMENT: All the Purchasing material required to assemble a

tractor is bought at the most reasonable price the organization can have.

PRIMARY ACTIVITIES
INBOUND-LOGISTICS: The Company uses different parts to make a
tractor in a special unit area.

OPERATIONS: All the operations are carried out within the organizations
from gear fitting to assembling engine and from small nuts to 5 feet tires.
OUTBOUND-LOGISTICS: After completing the process of manufacturing a

tractor, it is sent to the go-down along with other fully finished tractors

MARKETING

AND

SALES: The Market and sales is done through the

dealers and local correspondents of the company along with the formal
methods of Advertisement.

SERVICES: The Company have a wide network of after sale services

6.1 SWOT ANYLSIS

STRENGTHS

Good employee safety and health system

A better system of communication
Unbiased or non-discriminatory actions
Concentration on training and development
Involvement of departmental heads in recruitment process lets hire
the best applicants.
WEAKNESSES

Methods used for forecasting personnel needs

Some of the policies require to be updated

Outdated training system

Less space in office for employees

OPPORTUNITIES

Use of motivational tools

Use of more sources to attract labour force

Use of new methods for forecasting

THREATS

Infusion of incompetent labour in work force

Government policies

6.3 Conclusion:
Millat tractor limited as a leading and pioneer organization is doing very
well. Their plans are very well organized, managed, according to
circumstances and they avail the opportunities very effectively. I am
pretty sure that company has ability to achieve its goals as stated in
vision statement. After my internship in Millat Tractors Limited and
doing financial analysis I reach at the same conclusion that they are
"LEADERS ALL THE WAY". The management is very effective and their
plans are mostly about their future. Therefore I conclude that Millat
Tractor has going on concern and it will progress further and they have
ability to overcome risks and prosper.

6.4 Recommendations
Having gone through the HR process and policies of the company, We
have reached the following conclusions:

All the policies need to be up dated.

For forecasting the future needs of manpower planning, the company

may use the advanced techniques e.g. computer software, etc.

Although the company is emphasising the training and development;

yet there is a dire need to update the training programs to something
like On-job training. Moreover, for technical jobs simulation may also be
used.

Although the system of communication of the company includes

Internet; yet there is a need to train the employees to use this system
aptly.

In order to attract a more diverse work force, the company may use
other advanced techniques like Internet, etc.

Employee confirmation depends upon the assessment report of

departmental

head.

This

may

be

replaced

with

some

better

assessment procedure.

In order to win over the employee loyalty, the company may improve
the salary administration system.

The company should implant a private intranet in its existing systems

of communications.

The system of communication may be made transparent so that the

employees may have the information about what is happening around
them. Moreover, it will also inspire a sense.