ENERGY

ACCESS &
RENEWABLE
ENERGY

Factsheet

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 1 | FACTSHEET

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 2 | FACTSHEET

Energy poverty in India

Access to electricity
A significant number of Indian households continue to rely on kerosene for lighting.
Although the electricity grid has reached a large part of the country, supply is still
unreliable and of poor quality. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Assam consume more than
50 per cent of the total kerosene used for lighting in the country.

Sources of basic lighting in India

Solar
0.44

Other oils
0.20

Biomass, wood
0.20

Figures in percentage

No lighting
0.47

Kerosene
31.43
Electricity
67.25

Source: Census of India, 2011

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 3 | FACTSHEET

Energy poverty in India

Share of households using electricity and kerosene for lighting
Lack of access to electricity is a chronic problem in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, Odisha and
Jharkhand. Half the households in these states are yet to be connected to the grid.

India
Jammu & Kashmir
HImachal Pradesh
Punjab
Chandigarh
Uttarakhand
Haryana
NCT of Delhi
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Sikkim
Arunachal Pradesh
Nagaland
Manipur
Mizoram
Tripura
Meghalaya
Assam
West Bengal
Jharkhand
Odisha
Chhattisgarh
Madhya Pradesh
Gujarat
Daman & Diu
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Goa
Lakshadweep
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
A&N Islands

Electricity
Kerosene
Source: Census
of India, 2011

20

40

Percentage
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60

80

100

States using decentralised solar for their lighting needs

The states with least access to grid power, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, along with West Bengal, are the
largest users of decentralised solar applications for lighting. When the grid power has not reached a large
number of households, there is a clear demand for decentralised renewable energy solutions.

A&N Islands
Puducherry
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Lakshadweep
Goa
Karnataka
Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Daman & Diu
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
Odisha
Jharkhand
West Bengal
Assam
Meghalaya
Tripura
Mizoram
Manipur
Nagaland
Arunachal Pradesh
Sikkim
Bihar
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
NCT of Delhi
Haryana
Uttarakhand
Chandigarh
Punjab
HImachal Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir

Source: Census of India, 2011

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

Number of households
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Energy poverty in India

The burning question
Sixty six years since independence, nearly 700 million people in India depend on firewood
for cooking using traditional cookstoves. India has a long way to go before every
household has access to clean cooking fuel.

Households in India using various sources of cooking fuel

Biogas
0.41

Kerosene
2.91

Electricity
0.10

Figures in percentage

Any other
0.49

LPG
28.64
Firewood
49.14

Crop residue
8.88

Cowdung cake
7.97
Coal,Lignite,Charcoal
1.45

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 6 | FACTSHEET

Source: Census of India, 2011

Cooking fuel use in urban and rural households in India

Urban India burns fossil fuel subsidies, while rural India burns biomass. The use of firewood on
traditional cookstoves is prevalent in Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
80
Urban

Rural
Figures in percentage

70

68
65
62.5

60

50

42
40

30

20.1

20

12.3

11.4

10.9

10

7.5
1.4

Total

Firewood

Crop
residue

1.7 0.8

Cowdung
cake

2.9

0.7

Coal, Kerosene
Lignite,
Charcoal

0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.5

LPG

Electricity

Biogas

Any
other

No
cooking

Source: Census of India, 2011

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 7 | FACTSHEET

Current renewable energy achievements

Grid-interactive power
The focus of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy policies has shifted from small
off-grid systems to grid-connected renewable energy. This is visible from the fact that
renewable energy has grown from almost 20,000 MW in March 2011 to 30,000 MW in
January 2014 a growth of 50 per cent in less than three years.
30,178.90
Actual (MW) as on January 31, 2014

20,298.83

3,774.15
2,512.88

2,208.36

1,285.60

99.08
Total

Solar power

Waste-toenergy

Source: Ministry of new and renewable energy

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Biogas
cogeneration

Biomass power
& gasification

Small hydro
power

Wind power

Off-grid/captive power
Off-grid achievements have been more or less contributed by industrial units for captive
power generation. Bagasse-based cogeneration and industrial biomass gasifiers are the
major contributors.

973.13
Actual (MW) as on January 31, 2014

517.34

159.77

0
Total

Biogas
based
energy
system

10.18
Water
mills/
micro
hydel

146.40
17.63

2.18
Aerogenrators/
hybrid
systems

Biomass
gasifiers
(industrial)

119.63

SPV
systems

Biomass
Biomass
gasifiers (non-bagase)
(rural) cogenerration

Waste-toenergy

Source: Ministry of new and renewable energy

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11th Five-Year Plan (2007-2012)

11th Five-Year Plan should be considered a success by any standards for renewable energy.
The cost of generation of renewable energy came down significantly during this period.

Target (MW)

Total

Solar power

Bagasse
cogeneration

Source: Ministry of new and renewable energy

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 10 | FACTSHEET

Waste-toenergy

Biomass
power

1,400.00

1,419.17

626.00
500.00

80.00

46.20

1,200.00

1,369.70

50.00

939.74

10,260.00

Actual (MW) as on March 31, 2012

9,000.00

12,230.00

14,660.81

Capacity addition through grid-interactive renewable power

Small hydro
power

Wind power

532.75

Capacity addition through off-grid interactive renewable power

Target (MW)

Total

SPV
systems

58.00

85.15

67.00

63.23
1.75

1.14

20.00

46.64

255.00

336.59

401.75

Actual (MW) as on March 31, 2012

Aero-generators/
hybrid system

Gasifier

Non-bagasse
cogeneration

Waste-to-energy
(urban+indistrial)

Source: Twelfth Five Year Plan (20122017), Economic Sectors - Volume II

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12th Five-Year Plan (2012-2017)

In addition to continuing existing policies for development of
renewable energy, several new measures have been identified to
accelerate the pace of deployment in the country.

Targets for renewable energy for the 12th plan

Programme

Proposed Twelth Plan Targets

Grid-interactive Renewable Power(MW)

Grid Interactive Solar
Grid Connected Wind
Other Renewable Sources
Total

10,000
15,000
5,000
30,000

Off-grid/Distributed Renewable Power (MWe)

Cogeneration from bagasse
Solar Off-Grid Applications
Waste to Energy
Bio Gas Based Decentralised Power
Others (Biomass Gasifiers, Micro-hydel)
Total

2,000
1,000
200
50
150
3,400

Renewables for Rural applications (Cooking)

Biogas Plants (million)
National Biomass Cookstoves Programme (million)
Solar Cookers (Box type + Dish type)
Solar Cooking in schools for mid-day scheme (Schools in lakhs)

0.7
3.5
3.5
5.0

Renewable Energy for Urban, Industrial and Commercial Applications

Solar Water Heating Systems (million sq.m of collector area)
Solar Air Heating System (sq m.)
CST based systems for community cooking (sq.m.)
CST based system for air-conditioning (125 systems, 30TR)
CST based systems for process heat (225 systems, 250 sq.m. area each)

6
50,000
40,000
53,750

Solar Cities
New Solar Cities in addition to existing target of 60 cities and pending liabilities.
Model and Pilot Solar Cities.
Green Townships
Tourist/Religious/ Important Places

15
25
150

Alternate Fuel Vehicles (in numbers)

2,75,000

Power Generation from Hydrogen

Stationery Power Generation (KW)
Hydrogen/H-CNG Stations (nos)
Demonstration projects for Hydrogen/H-CNG vehicles

4,000
10
500

Power Generation from Fuel Cell

Stationery Power Generation (KW)
Back- up units for telecom towers (MW/nos)
Fuel cell Vehicles

10
10/2000
100

Source: Twelfth Five Year Plan (20122017), Economic Sectors - Volume II

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 12 | FACTSHEET

1. A capacity addition of 30,000 MW of grid-

Major New Initiatives

connected renewable power is proposed.

Institutional mechanisms to accelerate

adoption of renewable power by states in
the form of renewable purchase obligations
are sought to be enforced by bringing in an
amendment into the Electricity Act, 2003
To ensure volumes, generation-based
incentives will be continued
It has been proposed to restrict upfront
subsidy for small hydro plants of capacity 10
MW or less from the existing 25 MW

2. A capacity addition target of 3,400 MW for

off-grid distributed renewable power is
proposed
The incentives for such projects would be
sourced from a pool of funds originating from
National Clean Energy Fund, CSR activities
and tax-free donations

3. Renewable energy for cooking

Continue biogas and solar cooker
programme

Solar cooking could be promoted under

mid-day meal programme

4. Renewable energy for rural electricity access

Models like solar home lighting systems
through banking system, entrepreneur based
biomass gasifier models for providing basic
electricity and micro hydro systems will
continue to be supported
Special emphasis to be given to pumped
water storage hydro plants to address
intermittency in solar and wind technology

1. National Institute of Solar Energy: Undertaking

applied research, demonstration and development
in solar energy including solar hybrid areas.
2. National Bioenergy Corporation of India: Set
up to implement bioenergy mission including
cook stove programme.
3. Renewable Energy Development Fund:
Creation of a Renewable Energy Development
fund has been proposed to fill the gap between the
sectors financing needs and the amount that falls
short of the banks obligations to their lending to
this priority sector.
4. National Bioenergy Mission: In view of the success
of biomass-based off-grid renewable models in
rural areas of Bihar, a Biomass Mission has been
proposed to create a policy framework
for attracting investment and to facilitate rapid
development of commercial biomass energy market.
5. Renewable Power Evacuation Infrastructure:
Special emphasis will be placed on creating
evacuation infrastructure and transmission
facilities for renewable power in a time-bound
manner to support the large expansion in
consumption and production of renewable power
and optimal utilisation of transmission system.
6. National Biomass Cook Stove Programme:
The initiative plans to universalise access
of improved biomass cook stoves by providing
assistance in exploring technology deployments,
biomass processing and delivery models leveraging
public-private partnerships.

5. Off-grid solution for industrial, commercial

and buildings applications

Existing scheme on solar water heaters

will continue with a review on capital subsidy
Green building programme and solar city
initiative will be expanded to new cities
RENEWABLE ENERGY | 13 | FACTSHEET

Notes

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RENEWABLE ENERGY | 15 | FACTSHEET

www.cseindia.org

www.shaktifoundation.in

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 16 | FACTSHEET