Synopsis of Proposed Research Work on

HERMAL OVERHEATING PROTECTION ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

WITH CONTINUOUS UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY

Chapter 1: Introduction
Data acquisition plays an important role in industry. This paper incorporates the design and development of a
temperature monitoring and continues the supply with another stand by transformer using microcontroller and LCD.
The main target for this system is to have it designed and implemented such that it is cost-effective. This project
consists of two modules- one is the temperature monitoring and protecting it from overheat and the other is
continuing the supply with another stand by transformer. The temperature sensor senses the temperature and the
ADC gives digital data which is further processed by the microcontroller and the temperature is displayed in the
LCD. The user's temperature requirement is given in the form of a setpoint and the microcontroller then compares
the ambient temperature against this setpoint and further necessiates the controlling action using relays. If the
temperature goes above the setpoint then the cooler fan goes on and the stand by transformer will take over the
supply
The temperature monitoring and controlling uninterrupted power supply system is an integrated device that allow
users to input specific requirement of temperature for any environment say any industrial process. Monitoring and
control of process parameters by embedded systems using microcontrollers are very much effective in industrial and
research oriented requirements. The purpose of this project is to explore the possibility to continuously monitor
temperature and control uninterrupt power source. LM35DZ temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature.
8051family Microcontroller is used as the heart of this system which holds the monitoring and controlling program
and the temperature is displayed on an LCD screen. The system is also equipped with necessary hardware to initiate
control action for temperature as soon as it reaches a value higher than the particular setpoint. For controlling the
temperature, relays are used.

Chapter 2: Market survey

SR

COMPONENT

SPECIFICATION

COST

NO
1

Power supply

12 Volt

300

CRYSTAL

11.0592MHZ

20

LCD display

16x2

170

CONNECTOR

Various types

60

CAPACITOR

33PF-2

25

100nf-8
1000nf-1
100uf-3
10uf-1
1nf-2

1uf-1
6

REGULATOR IC 7805

Max input 37v

20

LED1-LED2

Red

RESISTOR

4.7k-3

10

470k-1
1k-2
100k-1
47k-1
10k-1
9

IC SST89E51RD (8051 family)

330k-1
40pin microcontroller

10

PCB

Copper clad, Zero PCB

150

11

SOLDRING ROD

25W

120

12

SOLDR WIRE

Lead OR Tin

25

13

PASTE

oxide

10

14

CUTTER

Wire cutter

60

16

Switches

Push to on-8

40

18

ADC 0808

28 pin Analog to Digital

95

19

Transformer

12 Volt

500

20

Temperature sensor

LM35

110

21

Relay

12 Volt

30

Total

Related Work:

40

1791 RS.

Transformer has many different parameter which can be monitored and control using different
technique. There are many people who are interested in doing so. Following work completed by
the individuals.
1. GSM based Distribution Transformer Monitoring System.
Ansuman Sharma (109EE0305) Rajesh Behura (109EE0260)
Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008
(ODISHA) May-2013.
Conclusion: The gsm based monitoring of distribution transformer is quite useful as
compared to manual monitring and also it is reliable as it is not possible to monitor
always the oil level,oil temperature rise,ambient temperature rise,load current manually.
After receiving of message of any abnormality we can take action immediately to prevent
any catastrophic failures of distribution transformers. In a distribution network there are
many distribution transformers and associating each transformer with such system, we
can easily figure out that which 42 transformer is undergoing fault from the message sent
to mobile. We need not have to check all transformers and corresponding phase currents
and voltages and thus we can recover the system in less time. The time for receiving
messages may vary due to the public GSM network traffic but still then it is effective
than manual monitoring.
2. A remote monitoring system for a three-phase 10-kva switchable distribution
transformer using zigbee wireless network.
S.Dinesh Kumar , R.Suresh Kumar , Dr.Rani Thottungal
PG Student, EEE Department, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
Conclusion: The remote monitoring system that has been developed was useful in
understanding the conditions of the transformer. It also enables the operator to monitor
the parameters far away from the transformer without the displacement of the crew. This
system uses very little power consumption and has a long battery life. This system is cost
effective and is easy to operate, to maintain, and to reproduce massively with low cost for
applications in the field.
3

Thermal Protection For Power Transformers

Gary Hoffman Thomas C. Tennille Advanced Power Technologies.

For years, we have done protection of transformers for the most part by monitoring the
current and voltages associated with them. Now, with the advent of new measuring
devices, we can integrate the actual temperature of the transformer and tap changer into
the protection scheme if the user is aware of problems involved. Such devices as
described here are not really useful for internal faulting or local heating problems in a
transformer, but are useful in a last ditch protection of the unit from extreme oil
temperatures if you are concerned only with the main tank of an LTC transformer or a
transformer without LTC. For an LTC transformer, the differential between the two tanks,
main and tap changer, can be a useful measurement for alarm or even tripping if you are
so inclined. In contrast to the older mechanical devices, microprocessor based ones will
send an alarm if problems occur so that operational problems do not go undetected
offering a higher level of security and dependability.
Chapter 3: Block diagram

Figure: Block diagram of Proposed System

Description in detail:

It mainly consists of following blocks:

1. Sensors: we are going to use temperature sensor and light sensor to sense temperature and
light respectively. These sensors sense the parameters and gives corresponding voltage output
2. Amplifier: As the voltage output from the sensors is in miliVolts, it has to be increased to 0 to
5 volts range. We are going to use linear amplifier for this purpose.
3. ADC: The main part of our project is microcontroller which reads only digital input (0V &
5V) But the output of Amplifier is in analog form, so it has to be converted into digital format,
for this purpose we are going to use ADC to convert analog output from amplifier into the digital
output to be given to microcontroller
4. Microcontroller: This is the CPU (central processing unit) of our project. We are going to use
microcontroller of 8051 family. The various functions of microcontroller are like:
I. Reading the digital input from ADC which is derived from Temperature. Sending this data to
LCD so that the person operating this project should read the values of temperature. Controlling
the parameters like Temperature, turning On/Off the respective relays
5. Relay: We have used 2 relays in our project. First one will be turned on when the temperature
exceeds the desired value. And the second relay will be turned on
Second transformer.
Chapter 4 Methodology
Co design methodology is used

Temperature sensor give analog output

ADC (analog to digital converter) convert analog tem. to digital form

Controller read that temperature from ADC

Controller compare the temperature with set point temperature

If temp. exceeds heated transformer will get cut off.

Stand by transformer will gate connected in place of that transformer to continue power
supply

Plan of work:
The complete schedule plan for proposed research work is as mentioned below

Sr.

Month

Activity

July-aug

Literature survey

Aug-sept

No.

Duratio
n
1 month

Literature survey for EEG signals using Various technique

for cursor movement

1 month

Sep- oct

Controller and other hardware study

1 month

Oct-nov

Programming and simulation

1 month

november

Actual Hardware Implementation

1 month

November

December

Developing system for Transformer Overheating Protection

and uninterrupted supply
Thesis writing

Chapter 5 Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages:

The system will increase the Life of transformer

Uninterrupted power supply will be continued

As we are using two transformer system becomes more efficient

Load will not get fluctuating input

Disadvantages

Two Transformer engaged at a time for a single supply line

No remedy on heating of transformer

2 months

25 days

Chapter 5 Working
This project consists of two modules- one is the temperature monitoring and protecting it
from overheats and the other is continuing the supply with another stand by transformer.
The temperature sensor LM35 senses the temperature and gives analog data to ADC
input. ADC (Analog to Digital convertor converts tha anlog signal to Digital signal. ADC
gives digital data which is further processed by the microcontroller. Microcontroller
reads the digital data from ADC and accordingly decide the temperature to be displayed
on LCD. Microcontroller decide the ASCII value of the Character to be displayed and
send it to LCD. In this way we get the temperature on LCD.
At the same time Controller monitors temperature of transformer, if it exceeds the set
point then controller takes decision to cut off heated transformer and connect standby
transformer using Relay switch. If the temperature goes above the setpoint then the cooler
fan goes on and the stand by transformer will take over the supply.
Chapter 5 Expected Result and Conclusion
We expect from the system with high reliability. System should be calculate temperature
precisely. Transformer switching should be done with no output fluctuation.
Getting the expected result we will conclude the way of protection of transformer from
overheating.
Chapter 6 Future Scope:
1. We can monitor more parameters like Humidity, PH of soil, pressure, water level and
at the same time control them
2. We can send this data to a remote location using mobile or internet
3. We can draw graphs of variations in these parameters using computer

Chapter 6 References

Mazidi for 8051

Datasheet of Max232

Datasheet of LCD 16*2

Datasheet of 12 volt relay

Datasheet of ADC

Datasheet of LM35

http://www.hammondpowersolutions.com/innovation/overheating/

http://www.electrical-installation.org/enwiki/Protection_of_transformer_and_circuits