Computer Oriented Statistical and Optimization(301)

Unite 1: Collection of Data

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Meaning of statistics and its functions and uses

Primary and secondary data
Internal and external data
Quantitative and qualitative variables
Discrete and continuous variables
Methods of data collection
i.
Questionnaire
ii.
Interview
iii.
Censure and sampling
g) Sampling: Type , Size, Limitations and uses, Merits and demerits
h) Classification and tabulation: Types of classification
i.
Chronological
ii.
Graphical
iii.
Qualitative
iv.
Quantitative: Inclusive, Exclusive, More 1 less than
C.F
: Tabulation: Preparation, types, advantages
and uses
i) Graphical representation of data
i.
Histogram
ii.
Frequency polygon
iii.
Frequency curve
iv.
C.F curve or Ogive
j) Measures of central value
i.
Mean or average: objective ,characteristics , mathematical average,
ii.
AM,CM,HM,Positional average: median, mode
iii.
AM: simple , weighted for-individual weighted, discrete and continuous,
frequency distribution
iv.
Direct method
v.
Short cut method
vi.
Step deviation method
vii.
Mathematical properties of AM
viii.
Merits and demerits of AM
ix.
Special uses of AM
k) Median
i.
Individual weighted , discrete , continuous
ii.
algebraic properties of median
iii.
Merits and demerits
iv.
Partition values:Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,D1D99,Quartile,Percentile forindividual,discrete,contineous
v.
Graphical location of median and partition values
l) Mode
i.
Individual , discrete , continuous weighted
ii.
Empirical relationship among mean ,median , mode
iii.
Graphic allocation of mode

iv.
Merits and demerits
v.
Special uses of mode
m) GM(geometrical mean)
i.
Individual ,discrete , continuous weighted
ii.
Algebraic properties of GM
iii.
Special uses of GM
iv.
Merits and demerits of GM
n) HM
i.
Individual , discrete , continuous weighted
ii.
Special uses of HM
iii.
Relationship in AM,GM,HM
iv.
Merits and demerits
o) Choice of suitable average
p) Measures of dispersion
i.
Objective
ii.
Properties of good measures of dispersion
iii.
Two type of measure of dispersion: Absolute , Rotative
q) Various measures : Range , Quartile deviation
r) Range :
i.
coefficient of range
ii.
Merits and demerits
iii.
Uses
iv.
Interquartile range and quartile deviation
v.
Merits and demerits of QD
s) Mean deviation or average deviation
i.
From mean , median , mode
ii.
Coefficient of MD
iii.
Computation of MD
iv.
Individual , discrete , continuous FD
v.
Merits and demerits of MD
t) Standard deviation
i.
Direct method
ii.
Short-cut method
iii.
Step-deviation method for individual, discrete , continuous
iv.
Algebraic properties of SD
v.
Merits and demerits of SD
u) Coefficient of variation(CV)
v) Correlation analysis
i.
Types( Univariable and Bivariable)
ii.
Positive and negative
iii.
Linear and non-linear
iv.
Simple and multiple
v.
Partial and total :uses , merits and demerits
w) Methods of studying correlation
i.
Graphical : scatter diagram , simple graph
ii.
Mathematical method
iii.
Karl-Pearson coefficient of correlation : actual , direct , short-cut
iv.
Grouped data(Bivariable)
v.
Properties of correlation coefficient
vi.
Merit and demerit of karl pearson coefficient
vii.
Spearmans coefficient of rank correlation
viii.
Concurrent deviation method
x) Regression
i.
Difference between Correlation and regression analysis

ii.
Lines of regression
iii.
Properties of the regression lines
iv.
Regression coefficient and their properties
y) Skewness ,Moment and kurtosis
i.
Skewness :Absolute and relative
ii.
Measure of skewness
a) First measures of skewness: Mean deviation method for
individual, discrete, grouped data.
b) Second measure of skewness: Rowley method, Karl Pearson
method, coefficient of both, their limitations and comparision.
c) Other measure of skewness : Decile method , percentile
method
i.
a) Central moment for individual,discrete and grouped data
b) First moment about origin
c) Second moment about mean
d) Third moment about mean
e) Fourth moment about mean
f) First coefficient at skewness in terms of moment
g) Second coefficient at skewness in terms of moment
ii.
Kurtosis: objective , measurement , leptkurtic , mesokurtic , platykurtic

Unite 2: Probability and probability distribution(Normal

,Poission , Binomial)
a) Probability
I.
Meaning and definition :Classical or mathematical approach
: Empirical or statistical approach
: Subjective approach
: Axiomatic or modern approach
II.
Fundamental concept relating to probability : Random , simple space
,events
III.
Probability theorem : Addition , multiplication ,conditional probability
theorem
IV.
Permutation and combination in probability
b) Distribution
Binomial
I.
Importance
II.
Definition
III.
Characteristics
IV.
Uses
V.
Mean and SD in binomial distribution
Position distribution
I.
II.
III.

Definition
Uses
Characteristics

Normal distribution
I.

Definition

II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.

Assumption
Uses
Characteristics
Properties
Area under normal curve

Unite 3Linear programming

a) Linear programming
I.
Introduction of or
II.
Uses , application
b) Linear programming problems
I.
Objective
II.
Formulation
III.
Assumption
IV.
Advantages
V.
Limitations
VI.
Applications
c) Graphical method to solve LPP
I.
Simplex method
II.
Computational procedure
d) Duality theory
I.
Assignment problem
II.
Maximum/minimum assignment problem
III.
Hungarian method
IV.
Unbalanced assignment problem
e) Transportation problem
I.
N-W corner method
II.
Least corner method
III.
Vogels approximation method
IV.
Test for optimality (MODI)
f) Game theory
I.
Objective
II.
Uses
III.
Characteristics
IV.
Pay-off matrix
V.
Dominance rule
VI.
Mixed strategy
VII.
Value of game

Book: -

K.K. Sharma
SP Gupta

V k kapoor
SD sharma

QUESTION BANK (301)

1. 200 digits were taken at random from a set of table .The frequencies of digits were as
Digit
0
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8
9
Frequencies
18
19 23 21 16 25 22 20 21
15
Calculate Mean.
2. What do you mean by primary and secondary data? Discuss various methods of collection of data.
3. A person makes a trip which entails traveling 900 Kms by train at an average speed of 60 k m h , 300
km by bus at an average speed of 25 k p h, 400 kms by plane at 350 k p h and finally 15 km by a
taxi at 25 k p h .What is the average speed of the entire journey. Verify your answer.

4. Find mode by grouping method for following data.

C-I
Frequency

4-8
10

8-12
12

12-16
16

16-20
14

20-24
10

24-28
8

28-32
17

32-36
5

36-40
4

5. The AM & SD of a series of 20 items were calculated as20cm & 5cm respectively, but while
calculating them an item 13 was measured as 30. Find correct AM & SD.

6. Two batsman A and B made the following scores in a series of cricket match
A: 14
13 26 53 17 29 79 36 84 49
B: 37
22 56 52 14 10 37 48 20 4
Who is more consistent player? Answer on the basis of Karl-Pearson measure of the coefficient of
variation. Taking 35 as working mean.

7. Calculate Karl-Pearson coefficient for X- Y data

X:
3
4
6
7
10 11
14 16
18
20
Y:
1
3
5
4
8
7
9
10
13
12
8. The following is the data about height of boys & girls in a college:Boys
Girls
Number
72
38
Average Height
68
61
Variance
9
4
Find
(i) SD of the height of boys and girls taken together,
(ii) Which height is more variable?
9. A) Define additive and multiplicative rule of probability.
B) A ball is drawn at random from a box containing 6 red balls 4 white balls and 5 blue balls.
Determine the probability that the ball drawn is:
(i) a red ball
(ii) a white ball (iii) a blue or red ball (iv) red or white ball
10. Find feasible solutions of the following transportation problem by using following methods and
explain which the best one is.
(a) North-west corner (b) least cost (c) Vogels approximation methods
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
Z5
Supply
S1
20
10
15
20
19
40
S2
5
8
12
5
7
30
S3
6
15
10
7
10
50
S4
8
12
11
8
14
70
Demand
40
60
20
40
60
11. Find the dual of the following L.P.P
Min Z=40x1+120x2
Subject to

x1-2x2 8

3x1+5x2 =90
15x1+44x2 660
x1, x2 , 0

12. What do you understand by sampling? Discuss the following methods of sampling
(i)
Simple random sampling
(ii)
Stratified sampling
(iii)
Systematic sampling
13. (i)What is an unbalanced assignment problem? How is the hunganian assignment method applied in
respect of such a problem.
(ii)Find the maximum profit possible through optimal assignment
Job/machine
1
2
3
4
5

14.

A
30
40
40
25
29

B
37
24
32
38
62

C
40
27
33
40
41

Reduce the following game by dominance property & solve it.

D
28
21
30
36
34

E
22
36
35
36
39

I
II
III
IV
V
A
1
3
2
7
4
B
3
4
1
5
6
C
6
5
7
6
5
D
2
0
6
3
1
15.
Solve the following L.P.P. by simplex method
Max Z=800x1+600x2+300x3
Subject to
10x1+4x2+5x3 2000
2x1+5x2+4x3 1009
x1,x2 , x3 0
16.
Which average is considered as best average and why?
17. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. Determine the probability that the card is queen of
heart or king of spade
18. Determine the binomial distribution whose mean is 3 and standard deviation is 3/2.
19. Write a short note on game theory.
20. Show that the coefficient of skewness lies between -1 and +1.
21. The first four moment of a distribution about the value 6 are -2.5, 22 , -40 and 120 find moment about
mean B1 and B2.
22. In a problem of correlation coefficient between two variables X & Y for 25 pairs of observation we have
X=125
Y=100
X2=650
Y2=460
XY=508
Later it was discovered that the two pairs of observation were taken as (6, 14) and (8, 6) while the correct
values were (8, 12) and (6, 8). Find the correct correlation coefficient.
23. Estimate the two lines of regression for the following data
X

20-25

25-30

30-35

16-20
20-24
24-28

9
6
-

14
11
-

3
7

24. A) What do you understand by transportation problem?

B) For a transportation problem following table is given
A
B
C
I
10(300)
10
16
II
16
6(175)
17(25)
III
8(25)
21
10(75)
Requirement
325
175
100
(i)
Is the above solution feasible?
(ii)
Is the above solution degenerate
(iii)
Is the above solution optimal?
(iv)
Is the problem have more than one solution?

D
20
25
15(150)
150

Available
300
200
250

25. A) What is an assignment problem?

B) solve the following assignment problem
I
II
A
1
3
B
4
5
C
7
8
D
3
5

III
4
6
9
8

IV
5
7
10
4

26. A) Solve the following graphically

Min Z=2x1+3x2
Subject to
x1+x2 6
7x1+x2 1
x1,x2 0
B) Solve the following game
A1
A2
A3

B1
-4
-3
2

B2
6
-3
-3

B3
3
4
4

27. A) The monthly salary of 1000 workers are normally distributed about mean RS 700 and S.D.RS 50.
Estimate the no. Of workers whose salary will be
(i)
Between RS 700 & RS 720
(ii)
Between RS 690 & RS 720
(iii)
more than RS 750
(iv)
less than RS 630
(v)
more than RS 800
B) Find the dual of the following L.P.P
Min Z=x1+x2+ x3
Subject to
x1-3x2+4 x3 =5
x1-2x2 3
2x2- x34
x1,x2 0 and x3 is unrestricted

28. In a blade factory, there is a small chance of 1/500 for any blade to be defective. The blades are
supplied in packets of 10. Use passion distribution to calculate the approximate number of packets
containing 0,1,2 defective blades recpectively in consignment of 10,000 packets, given that
e-0.02=0.9802
29. Explain briefly
(i) Slack variable
(ii) Surplus variable
(iv)
Artificial variable
30. Assuming that 50% of a population in a town reads newspaper , and assuming that
512 investigators , each take 10-individuals to find out , if they read news paper, how many investigators
, would you expect to report that three or less people, read newspaper.
31. Find out the probability of success P for a binomial distribution, if
n = 6 and 4P(x=4)=P(x=2)
32. If we perform a series of Bernoulli trials and if P is probability of success and q of
Failure (p+q=1) , then probability of r success in a series of n independent trials is:
P(r) =nc r pr qn-r
r= 0,1,2,3................n
Show variance of binomial distribution is npq and S.D. is (npq)1/2
33. For a binomial distribution (p+q)n , prove that:
r+1 = pq(nr r-1 + dr/dp),
where r is the rth central moment. Hence obtain 2 , 3 and 4.
34. if m and r denote the mean and rth central moments of a Poisson Distribution, then prove that:

r+1 = r m r-1 + m dr/dm

Hence obtain 1 and 2 of Poisson Distribution
35. Show that mean, mode and median of a normal distribution are equal.
36. Show that for any discrete distribution the standard deviation is not less than mean deviation taken,
from mean.
37. . Explain skewness, what formula would you use, for measuring it, show that
It changes from -1 to +1.
38. Show that AM of a series
1, 2 , 4, 8, 16 ................... 2n is:
(2n+1 - 1)/ n+1
39. A variable takes values a, a r, a r2 a rn-1 ,Each with frequencies one. Show that:
A.M.=a(1-rn)/ n(1-r)
G.M.=ar(n-1)/2 H.M.=a.n(1-r)rn- 1/1-rn
Prove that (A.M.).(H.M.)=(G.M.)2 . Also prove that A.M.>G.M.>H.M. unless n=1, when all the three
coincide.