Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
HARVARD TRANSLATIONS
BY
EUGIPPIUS
GEORGE W. ROBINSON
SECRETARY OF THE HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF
ARTS AND SCIENCES
CAMBRIDGE
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON HUMPHREY MILFORD
:
1914
COPYRIGHT, I914
MANIBUS
MAKAPITiiN
SACRUM
PREFACE
It has been said of the French, and might with equal
truth be said of the Germans, that they
lent pieces of antiquity their
far
make
all excel-
own.
ciency
is
more worthy
it
would be
difficult to find
may
these facts,
first,
Rerum
Ger-
(New York,
1909), pp.
German
version of Rodenberg.
7
His
from the
28-133.
PREFACE
manicarum.
have given a
list
of editions
and
Momm-
translations.
upon the
careers of Severinus
and
One who
may
obtain
Dahn,
by reading
of the period
Migrations, which,
Weltgeschichte,
ume,
and
translated
may
296.
on pages 250
150-156,
etc.,
the
discusses
raphy and
local history of
provinces.
I will also
prope castella
4, in
2
[sic]
Life
with
visited
is
omitted.
33-141,
Momimenta Germaniae
particular
libald, the
it
269,
f.,
much
Vita Willibaldi,
i
(1887).
of the material
PREFACE
494, and
lateinischen
Literatur
his
zum
Zeitalter
what
longer passage
geschichte
Roman
in
Deutschlands
ff.,
des
Hauck's Kirchen-
Albert
vol.
Karls
(Leipsic,
1887), pp.
328-331-
Andre
series
(1908), in
the
lad, require
by Theo Sommer-
notice.
of
of
Saints
(London,
18 12-13), vol.
pp.
i,
113
ff;
and
all
passages of
i,
The Lives
pp. 101-112.
PREFACE
lO
The most
are
recent
German
by Karl Rodenberg
(Leipsic, 1878,
second edition,
for
me
and
1879).
courteous
assistance
of Naples,
who has
Dr.
given
James
Professor Cesare
Ludwig
Schmidt, Dr.
Klein,
accessible in
edi-
Cambridge.
George W. Robinson.
Cambridge, Massachusetts,
July, 1914.
CONTENTS
LETTER OF EUGIPPIUS TO PASCHASIUS ...
15
TABLE OF CHAPTERS
21
29
iii
APPENDIX:
I.
Life
II.
Latin
117
Hymn
GENERAL INDEX
125
.
129
133
THE
LETTER OF EUGIPPIUS TO
PASCHASIUS
To
known
to
me and
many
to
others.
and
When
eagerly requested
me
to
knew
life
In response to
generations.
of this,
he
might write a
this offer, I
prepared a
deemed
it
Yet
I should ask a
layman
1
It
EUGIPPIUS
of the work.
he would be
the biography in a
Cultivated in
likely to
many
compose
to under-
had too
fail
But
I shall search
that lamp
Only
veil
now
not
no more
the rays of
own
flint ?
is
here.
Lash
from
Indeed
me
not,
Why expect
me
of Saint Severinus.
Until these
stones,
I Corinthians,
ii,
13.
LETTER TO PASCHASIUS
when no master has
difficulty
and no proper
constructed,
So
17
I,
work
desire,
when a
and elegance
My
that foundation
upon which,
and now
whose hands
shall
to the architect,
be thy eloquence;
is
knows
these, I
have
word
of
mouth.
this
most
faithful servant of
by
And
by
his merits
may by
human memory.
It may perhaps be
is
God,
carried to the
vouchsafed through
EUGIPPIUS
no
confess I have
and
clerics,
and
For many
clear evidence.
lords temporal
and
drawn together
of the comitry or
priests
spiritual, natives
to
him from
man
afar,
of such great
murderers.
ship,
and enjoyed
it
for
many
won
me when
am
claimed."
Presently he
Orestes was
by
birth a
Roman
provincial of Pannonia.
ymus Valesianus,
2
J.
Fugitivus.
Anon-
38.
1763), h P- 78.
law in regard to fugitive slaves
For the
one
may
Roman
W. W.
consult
vagum
und
etc.,
Buckland, The
in his ap-
their recovery,
Priscus
Geticis, 45;
preciation of Severinus.
De Rebus
petatur mancipium.
and
Roman Law
of
LETTER TO PASCHASIUS
19
them
silent
among
may
deserve
And
I,
if
God who
more
perfect Hfe,
cities of
if
the East,
"
Quo
ipso
cium jactantiae
non obscure indicabat, magno se ortu, et cujus indiMarcus Hansitz, Ger mania Sacra (Augus-
serviret."
Matthew,
The
vi, 3.
727-55)? h P- 80.
^
Matthew, xxv,
life
33.
of Severinus, given
m Theo
als kulturgeschichtliche
EUGIPPIUS
20
Even
life
my
request,
thy editorial
and
let
care.^
them gain
Grant
my
sins.
Quelle, pp.
by way
of caution.
Som-
im
i,
p. 49.
TABLE OF CHAPTERS
How
in the
prophecy.
III.
How
God came
to the aid
who had
who
lost their
booty
how
by the king
of the Rugii, Flaccitheus; or, How Flaccitheus was
delivered from the ambushes of the foe by the oracle.
VI. Of the Rugian widow's only son, who suffered
tortures of pain for twelve years, and was healed
V. In
How
was
man
of
God.
told
by him
was
to
come.
^
The
into
place
Favianis, etc.,
Romance
dialects.
form, Asturis,
Comagenis,
TABLE OF CHAPTERS
22
VIII.
XL
XIL How
by
fasting
the patch of
scorner,
XIII.
the
man
was swept
How
of
by custom
bare.
the taper
God
was Hghted
as he prayed,
when
in the
the
fire
hand
of
required
was not
found.
TABLE OF CHAPTERS
by the prayer
of the
man of God
23
fields.
cross.
after they
to send.
XX. How
TABLE OF CHAPTERS
24
was
to be a massacre;
in
XXIV. Of
who
able to
harm
the castles.
XXVI. Of
fall
to be
sin.
XXVII. Of
Romans won
at
who
and how
after the
triumph those
slain.
XXVIII.
How as
the servant of
XXIX. Of
the
oil
men
God was
minister-
appeared to increase.
of
Noricum who
carried
on
be given to the
TABLE OF CHAPTERS
poor;
how in midwinter
human
25
them through
and
habitations;
persuaded the
citizens,
who dwelt
in false
keep watch
them
i.
e.,
XXXIL How
XXXV.
in prayer.
XXXVI.
whom
he
TABLE OF CHAPTERS
26
As
in its
own
most
account
faithful
Fathers.
XXXVII. How
XXXVIII. Of
by prayer.
XXXIX.
and
diet,
Of the
saint's habitation,
bed
his
also
the revelation of
God he
own
to
foretelling
same time.
XLI. How he expressly announced even the day
the
XLIL How
his
own
or.
What
followers.
TABLE OF CHAPTERS
prosperous migration of the people;
27
how
his
body was
disinterred
persons.
A recital of individual
dmnb man
cases
is told,
of
is
many
infirm
omitted; only
THE
LIFE OF SAINT SEVERINUS
CHAPTER
At
Then
Severinus,
most
Noricum ^ and the Pannonias, and tarried in a little town which is called
There he Hved in accordance with the
Asturis.2
evangeHcal and apostoHc doctrine, in all piety and
chastity, in the confession of the CathoUc faith, and
By
fulfilled his reverend purpose by holy works.
to the
marches
of Riverside
how
In 453-
Noricum Ripense.
they ought to
In the translation of Professor Hayes, Ufernoricum, both here and in Chapter XI, becomes Upper Noricum,' which
is not a happy guess.
3 Probably on the site of the present Klosterneuburg, a little above
lent,
Ufernoricum.
Vienna.
39
EUGIPPIUS
30
ward
and by
prayers,
But
passion.
lusts,
enemy by
off
fastings,
their
and by the
com-
fruits of
of their unbelief.
God
of
returned to
had
and made known the day and hour of
received him,
imminent destruction.
''
from a stubborn town
Then he went away to
Comagenis.2
This was
"I go
any one
is
called
a league
he said,
in haste,"
who had
entered into
it
for
Yet,
him back.
went into the church and when he found
So anon he
Gustos.
The
office is
sacrarii,
et
De
Levitae sunt.
of
Ecdesiasticis
Ipsis
Regula Monachorum,
20,
in despair
Isidorus Hispalensis,
all
Offi.ciis,
enim jussum
ii,
9, says:
est custodire
" Custodes
tabernaculum,
In his
nocturnisque
codices
officiis;
vela,
vestesque sacrae,
ac vasa sacrorum,
in
usum
sanctuarii,
cera et luminaria."
2
'
NearTulln.
A euphemism.
et deplorata
uno
id
illis
Marcus Velserus
argumentum
Quam
misera
conspiraret."
nisi
reUqua omnis
p. 667.
in
31
fasting
all,
the old
crisis of peril
at Asturis
When
the
his town.
When
certain
man
of
God had
foretold.
thou he
is
the same,
assistance of
God
recognized the
"
ness he
CHAPTER
II
When
But on
sacrifice, there
EUGIPPIUS
32
;i
was a sudden earthquake and the barbarians who
compelled the
Romans
Then
haste.
scattered,
to
for
them
in
rounded by near
foes;
and
their terror
was augmented
and
by
aid,
learned
Anonymus
earthquake mentioned in
Thomas RoncaUius,
Vetustiora
ii,
col.
same
Sabaria was
Karl Frick, Chronica Minora, vol. i, 1892, p. 422).
Upper Pannonia, about seventy miles southeast of Comagenis in a
Antonini Augusti
straight line, or ninety- two Roman miles by road.
(in
in
f.
Wessehng.
The
p. 304;
in
Monumenta Germaniae
nisi in
anno erratum
est ";
but he cannot be
right.
by using inadvertently a
table
One
Hke
The New
Style,
however,
33
III
man
By
produce of the
fields.
He
the
handmaid
''
her.
why
of avarice
Daughter
dost thou
and stand
of
make
most
thy-
of covetousness,
idolatry
regard for
On
the
site of the
2
the
Colossians,
iii,
5;
Ephesians,
v, 5.
is
EUGIPPIUS
'
34
denied to
men
woman was
filled
Not
bank
Danube
of the
number
a vast
of boats
from the
Aenus.^
ice,
down an abundance
Then all began to
they brought
God with
praise
uninterrupted
devotion,
the
as
had expected to
perish, wasted by the long famine, and they acknowledged that manifestly the boats had come out of due
season, loosed from the ice and frost by the prayers of
;
for they
" Christus
Christianum
tibus paras
cum
te esse dicis,
Salvian,
Adversus Avaritiam,
esurientibus esurit
.
quid
ais,
iv,
4:
o homo, qui
"
The
Imi.
(ed.
nova, Francofurti ad
Moenum,
1710),
the
35
IV
men
all
Then many
weeping to the
man
of
But he
tribune,
straitly
who
men
whom
with
to
institute
we
we beUeve
that through
And
the servant
numbers nor
name
of the
dently.
before,
Lord
when
every-
Only
advance
in the
compassion
goes
God
is
our champion.
Lord advance
swiftly,
in
his
confi-
The
and ye
and
everything, to conduct
those of the barbarians
*
this
be
silent.
unharmed
whom
Exodus,
shall
into
my
presence
xiv, 14.
EUGIPPIUS
36
by
came upon the
Some of the robbers escaped by hasty flight,
foe.
The soldiers bound the
abandoning their weapons.
rest and brought them captive to the servant of God,
He freed them from chains,
as he had commanded.
refreshed them with food and drink, and briefly ad''
Go," he said, ^' and command your
dressed them.
a brook which
is
At
forth.
retri-
God
whom
his supernal
power
of hostile pillage
only
let
Then
spot,
of
God.
Ad
tion.
ii,
Zelle, oft
auch
eine Hohle."
1880-81),
cell
contented him.^
more remote
p. 25.
Kaufmann's work.
and the
cell of
Severinus.
37
commands
of
the city.i
in the sacred
way
hearers rather
jam ego
S. Severini,
of
life,
He
often
desectis ac purgatis.
illic
appellatur."
Cuspinianus
calls
six
first
being
Colman
it
be in vv. 32-38:
Morborum omne
sit
Austria vestro.
avertite pestem.
Concordia mitis."
cities.
F.
by Saint Severinus
W. Rettberg
calls
become
its
Monks,"
i,
p. 231.
Kirchenge-
Compare E. C.
(iithed.).
Wolfgang Lazius, using a singular figure, says that " from this
if from the Trojan horse, went forth almost all the
bishops of Noricum." Vienna Austriae (Basileae, 1546), p. 54. Lazius
'
monaster}^, as
EUGIPPIUS
T^S
and
this
and was extended by the marks of celestial favor conferred upon him. For good things cannot be concealed,
words of the Saviour, neither
can a candle be concealed under a bushel, nor a city
that is set on a hill be hid.^
Among the other great gifts which the Saviour had
is
a time of cruel,
a remarkable proof of
terrible cold is
so soHdly frozen
by
of these bishops,
affords a
whom
the
roughly.
list
Yet he
it
39
grace of
to
to say, "
It is rather
foolhardiness of
man
we
cease.
tion be restrained.
saith,
'
He
hath chosen
we should
my
in
Pray rather
me may
and
is
it will
sleds, or
may
be."
Danube
am
river.
graphy at Vienna
One may
above para-
Anton Swarowsky's essay Die Eisverhaltnisse der Donaii in Bayern nnd Osterreich von 1850-go, in Geographische Ahhandlungen, edited by Albrecht Penck, Band v, Heft i
(Vienna and Olmiitz, 1891); and, for notices of the great frosts of 821
and 1076-77, Fritz Curschmann's Hunger snote ini MiUelalter (Leipsic,
graph.
consult also
It
may
Ephesians,
i,
4.
Noricum
common.
apostle of
the apostle
'
EUGIPPIUS
40
justification."
declare, weeping.
wondrous example.
his
courtesy.
CHAPTER V
king of the Rugii, Flaccitheus,i began to feel himunsteady on the throne at the very commencement
The Goths in Lower Pannonia were
of his reign.
violently hostile to him, and he was alarmed by their
Therefore in his perils he
innumerable multitude.
The
self
A genealogical
Numerals
Goths a passage to
table of the
Italy,
and
are mentioned.
Flaccitheus
(5, 8, 42).
'
Feva
Feletheus, or
(8,
22
?,
31,
Ferderuchus
(42, 44)
married
Giso
(8, 40,
44)
Fredericus
Feba,
or Feva.
named
in
(8,
44)
Chapter XXII,
is
41
me
sult
1
to
concerning eternal
life;
comparison of
Queen
evident that the Rugii, or at least their sovereigns, were, like most of
the converted
were Catholics cooperated with the difference of race to produce a lack of complete sympathy and understanding between them.
vincials
On
tians,
it
was
German
(Chapter
also the
tribes that
XXXI,
we
find
below, etc.);
XXIV); no doubt
Ennodius {De Vita Beati Antoni,
Heruli (Chapter
whom
by
human
victims;
most acceptable
to
their divinities.
'
monastery
and furniture (Chapter XLIV) on the contrary, they themselves suffered from plundering raids, as the next paragraph shows.
Dr. Pflugk-Harttung's reference to the Goths (Ostrogoths) is also not
They lived, not beyond the Danube but in Pannonia,
to the point.
on the Roman side of the river (Jordanes, De Rebus Geticis, 50). Furstrictly technical sectarian sense of the confiscation of the
plate
EUGIPPIUS
42
by the multitude
troubled
They
enmity.
secure,
of
common
Be not
instruction.
Goths or by
of the
their
shall
and thou
my
is
which
Only do not neglect the warnhumihty. Let it not irk thee to seek
shalt reign in the prosperity
my
'
whose
own
heart
maketh
flesh his
arm, and
Learn
and
ther,
with the
Romans
months of
Western Empire
{ihid., 56).
It is to that time that we may very reasonably assign their attack upon Tiburnia in Noricum Mediterraneum
(Chapter XVII).
It
is
says
(p.
420) "
The Rugii
appear
The Life
(191 1)
Noricum which
of Saint Severinus
time
lay
imme-
describes
of the Rugii
Jeremiah,
In leckdo
xvii, 5.
tuo.
in thine
by
Flaccitheus, encouraged
43
this oracle,
was joy-
of
God
Severinus,
by
revelation of
the Lord, forewarned Flaccitheus with holy exhortations not to follow the robbers.
^'
If
Take heed;
cross not
two
all
come,
who
these matters."
shall
Then
enemy, related
will
by
for thee!
man had
by revelation of Christ.
So the hostile ambush came to naught, and Flaccitheus was prospered more and more, and ended his
days in peace and tranquillity.
blessed
foretold
CHAPTER
Now
after this
VI
all
use of his
on every
side.
So at
last,
known
when
to the neighbors
divers remedies
down
him
EUGIPPIUS
44
many
Why am
it
among
this,
thou
fulfill
thy
vows."
aid.
Afterwards,
when
the
man was
present at the
he,
in corrup-
Corinthians,
vii, 25.
it
was
'
45
Now
many
Likewise
of other races,
to
on
way
their
view to
CHAPTER
Among
VII
then a
tall
While he stood,
stooping that his head might not touch the roof of the
lowly cell, he learned from the man of God that he
was to win renown. For as the young man bade him
1
and
religion as a warfare,
the
first
Church
as a military organization, in
tlie
of the
by
Antonius,
and
'
is
is
De
to join the
veteran battle-line
transfixing
illus-
An
of
'
'
regiment of the
the
army of
isle
Lerina
That
blows.
when
the
the fight.
shrill
EUGIPPIUS
46
farewell, "
Go
Now
Italy!
forth to
many."
CHAPTER
King
Go
VIII
citheus,
of mercy.
Among
the other pollutions of her iniquity, she even attempted to rebaptize certain CathoHcs.^
Yet
legious purpose.
sacri-
Romans
The man
them go.
of
God
But
Danube
to
offices of slavery.
sent to her
she,
III
(ed.
nova, Francofurti ad
Moenum,
my
47
cell!
Leave
me
to issue concern-
When
" I put
the
my
man
of
God
Even
her haughty
down
For there were certain goldsmiths, barbarians, shut up and straitly guarded that
they might fashion ornaments for the king and queen.
On the same day on which the queen had spurned the
spirit.
among them.
aloud,
*'
by thy God!
With profuse prayers thou hast called down vengeance
upon my scorn, that thou might be avenged in my
offspring! "
So, running to and fro, with manifold
contrition and pitiable lamentation, she acknowledged that she was smitten by this blow in recompense
for the crime of scorn which she had committed
the insults I have offered avenged
EUGIPPIUS
48
And
The goldsmiths
child,
When
he heard these things, the most reverent servant of Christ returned unbounded thanks to the
Creator: who doth sometimes postpone answering
prayer, in order that with the increase of faith, hope,
and love he may grant greater blessings than are
asked.
it
to pass that
free to slavery,
of the Saviour
brought
to Hberty.
resist his
commands.
CHAPTER IX
Not
the
by the sway
of the barbarians.
49
all
haste, should
report to him.
He was amazed
described;
to find the
man
Severinus had
my
unworthiness
which hitherto
may
relics
I bear,
be freed from
of
martyrs,^ placed
them
in the church
which he had
to
EUGIPPIUS
50
He was
under
.^
office
of
Nevertheless he wished
to
and thence
to
They must
strive,
gain instruction in
holy
conduct.
hath forsaken parents and the world look not back and
desire the allurements of worldly display which he had
sought to escape.
On
this point
he referred to the
tomb supposed
by the remains of
Then he turned to the left,
and saw close at hand a foul and savage ghost. He commanded the
The spectre made known his
spectre to tell his name and desert.
the contents of a
to be hallowed
"
name, he confessed his crime; he had been a robber, put to death for
his wicked deeds, honored by the blunder of the mob; he had nothing
in cormnon with martyrs; they were in glory, he was in torment. The
bystanders heard the spectre's voice, but did not see his form. Then
Martin related what he had seen, and ordered that the altar which
was there should be removed from the place. So he set free the people
from the error
of that superstition."
example
of Lot's wife.^
51
He admonished
like-
fires of
the grace of
in the fountain of
tears.
CHAPTER X
There was
a janitor
whom
Mau-
had redeemed
rus by name,
from the hands of the barbarians. One day the man
of God warned him, saying, " Take heed to-day not
to go away anywhere: otherwise thou shalt be in
But the janitor, contrary to the
imminent peril."
warning of the great father, and persuaded by a laySaint Severinus
That
this
of Chapters,
is
where
it is
represented
by
is
ostiarius.
The
office of aedi-
tuus in the
gradus ecclesiasticus;
an impossible one, since ostiarius and custos are quite different officials.
The word never really became naturalized in Christian hterature.
Paulinus of Nola uses it, it is true (Epistolae, i, 10; in Migne's Patrologia Latina, vol. Ixi, col. 158); but he was a friend and correspondent
of Ausonius.
uses aedituus
and
zh
fails to
ostiarius interchangeably
both at
this place
and
EUGIPPIUS
52
to gather fruit
man
at the second
across the
Danube.
man
of
God,
whom
Stricken with
awe by
humbly
the captives
whom
restored
CHAPTER XI
the upper towns of Riverside Noricum yet
and hardly a castle ^ escaped the attacks of the
barbarians, the fame and reputation of Saint Severinus
While
stood,
orchards.
the
Expositio totius
(Gratz, 1825-26),
ii,
p. 186.
288
f.);
et
Castellum.
name
of
i,
pp.
S/ca/iapeis
p. 313).
is
equivalent to
Not
'
kw/xj;,
village
is
',
am
fortified
is
town ',
53
believing that
all
heavenly
oracles,
and be armed
commands, as of
good works through
his
for
his example.
When
tain spot.2
say
fort
'
he learned of
De Guhernatione
Now
Amedee Thierry
et
Infimae Latinitatis,
s. v.;
See
Du
and compare
Dei, v, 44.
Kuchel.
apaiser la destinee."
i860), p. 148.
It is doubtful
if
Romaine au V^
we are justified
in
Siecle (Paris,
pushing specification
Any heathen
so
far.
'
'
to Severinus
this
time or a
little later.
Life of Antonius.
'
EUGIPPIUS
54
fast;
should be brought from each house, and that everyone should fasten his taper with his own hand to the
wall of the
church.
man
all
him in prayer to
Lord might show the
join
of
God exhorted
the priests
their
common Lord;
light of his
that the
knowledge to
dis-
So while he was
by
it.
victed
by the witness
of their
own
sacrilegious
acts.
O
and
The
fire
was lighted
in the tapers,
and
The
shone with reflected light in the emotions!
visible fight melted into flames the substance of the
wax, but the invisible fight dissolved the hearts of the
55
Who would believe, that afterward those whom the error of sacrilege had ensnared
were more distinguished for good works than those
whose tapers had been divinely Hghted ?
penitents into tears!
CHAPTER
XII
At
'
?>t^
Joel,
ii,
12.
EUGIPPIUS
56
i
a solemn assembly, gather the congregation,'
and the rest which follows ? Therefore fulfill by meet
works what ye teach, that ye may readily escape the
'
call
as
if
lest
his field,
out delay
all
God
offered prayer to
in tears,
instructed.
While
all
man
forsook the
little
of
this sort,
God
own field
among the sowings
others.
work
that
of standing corn,
out,
and
all
of the
day anxiously
But his
church to partake of the holy communion.
patch of corn, surrounded by his neighbors'
Httle
many
crops,
of
locusts.
The
by
divine
command
Joel,
ii,
IS, i6.
by
the baleful
field,
work
he found
57
it
Utterly amazed, he
marked
out as
if
by a
contumacious fellow.
Then he
sin
by
taught
for the
God took
all
pardon of
his
Wherefore the
of
had
feet
man
of the locusts
omnipotent,
whose
commands
even
the
locusts
observe.
man
of
God
who through
his
" It
is
just,"
own punishment
benefit God's
EUGIPPIUS
58
CHAPTER
XIII
Near a town
by
man
the
of
earnestly;
God
and soon,
By
its
Kght
omnino quidquam
Modis apud Antiquos,"
auctoritas in hac re
valet."
Ignis eliciendi
in
Philology,
2
si
scriptorum
M. H. Morgan,
"
De
(1890), p. 38.
similar miracle
is
"
kneeled in prayer.
The
One
late,
and the
disciples
reminded the
made
iii
(1750), p. 808.
59
through
CHAPTER XIV
woman of Juvao was vexed
by long continued sickness and lay half-dead, and the
burial was already prepared.
Her relatives, in mournIt happened that a certain
of faith,
and
lifeless
When the
body at the door of the saint's cell.
man of God saw the entrance closed by the bed set
against
he said to them,
it,
They answered,
"
restored to life."
^'
Why
We
believe that
if
may
know myself
*'
"
said,
Then Saint Severinus straightway wept, and cast himself down in prayer; and when the woman forthwith
arose, he addressed
works
faith
in
them: "
Do
not attribute to
hath merited
many
places
that there
and on
is
this grace,
and
vehemence of your
cometh to pass
this
may
be
known
in
heaven
one God,
my
it
life."
and
EUGIPPIUS
6o
her
own hands
custom
of the
province.
CHAPTER XV
QuiNTANis ^ was a municipality of Raetia Secunda,^
Near by on the
situated on the bank of the Danube.
other side ran a small river
Businca,
when
tells of
dose of the
fifth
century.
at least, the plain country between the Alps, the Inn, and the
It
Dan-
seems clear
that at the time of his writing (511) Raetia Secunda lay entirely in
the Alps, and comprised the eastern part of the old Raetia Prima;
while from the level country to the north, subject though
it
might be
more or
less
6i
why
Coming
From
when
floods
yore,
wont
'^
My
to overpass
rose
mountain high
in
it
wise that
it
man
of
CHAPTER XVI
Moreover
it
The
psalms.
man
of
God asked
all
EUGIPPIUS
62
away for a little while, that after the toil of watching they might refresh themselves somewhat by sleep.
When they had gone out, the man of God asked the
doorkeeper, Matemus by name, whether all had
departed as he had bidden. When Maternus answered
that all had gone out, " Not so," he said, " but there is
Then the janitor of the
a woman hiding here."
to go
reproved her:
*'
Why
here
me
to do
it
for
when
saw
all
up
the
this
dead man."
prayed with
many
and two
But he saith,
''
Shall
still
we ask
in this
life
the
63
Lord that he
And
man was
immediately,
the dead
at rest.^
Now
this
knew of it
what I have
Yet
I learned
janitor.
known
saint, to
whom
to
seen.
CHAPTER XVII
Not only did the
grace of Christ
make
Saint Severinus
The
all
the towns
and
life b}'
Saint Martin
was greater
different.
Sulpicius Severus,
An
face.
De
There
is
another in
J.
is
vii,
The
had been
4-6.
castles
i,
it
tab.
portrays
et
vii,
them
EUGIPPIUS
64
To
repeated week-long
by the hunger
fasts,
yet he
felt
himself afflicted
When
of the unfortunate.
they saw
numbers, although
sway
Though
familiar to
1
an
all
this
commandment
la
Dime Ecclesiastique
it
also (pp. 44
clusions
may
Some
f.,
is
with
and
of his con-
in
first
The
Christians of the
They did
in
Insistence
some instances acknowledge the tax of the first fruits.
upon the tithe begins to appear about the end of the fourth century.
In the East, its champion was Saint John Chrysostom (In MaUhaeum
Homilia
Ixiv {Ixv), in
the West,
it
Malachiam,
was advocated
iii,
7,
in
in
two forms.
Iviii, col.
615).
In
Jerome {Explanatio in
coll.
et
1568-1571;
Sacerdotum, in
xxii, col. 531) considers that the ancient law is still in force, and
that the proceeds of the tithe should be for the support of the clergy.
Migne,
4, in
Migne,
holds to the obligation of the tithe, at least upon the conscience, using
the text Matthew, v, 20, " except your righteousness shall exceed the
righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees "; but he directs
The
later
development of church
it
to the
polity, finally
Micon
Severinus, on the
65
given by the
lips of
The
was
cold, too,
felt
by
the
man
of
God
hardened by
his
only in the
God
it
and
active,
bitter cold.
God
of
made
to the barbarians.
by the Goths,
and under the
wished merely to
call forth
that he evangelized.
doing
this, to
moment and
it,
however, accord-
in
order to
a modifier,
Teumia
in inscriptions.
was the
Now
chief town.
EUGIPPIUS
66
among
difficulty,,
CHAPTER
Likewise the
in spite of
XVIII
town
the
citizens of
many warning
of
Lauriacum,"
Severinus,
was at hand.
But when a
down
punishment
1
The
of their stubbornness.
siege of
Tibumia may
See
Chapter V, note. It is then probable that the surrender of the collection of clothing was an important, though hardly a decisive factor in
restoring peace between the citizens and the ragged Goths; who,
according to Jordanes {De Rebus Geticis, 56), entered upon the cam" Minpaign because food and clothing were beginning to fail them.
uentibus se deinde hinc inde vicinarum gentium spoliis, coepit et
Gothis victus vestitusque deesse: et hominibus, quibus dudum bella
alimoniam praestitissent, pax coepit esse contraria; omnesque cum
clamore magno ad regem Theodemir accedentes Gothi orant, quacum-
que parte
-
The
chief
town
of Riverside
Noricum.
Now
At the time
of the Notitia
Danube
flotilla.
67
promise you,
mighty rust
This promise
not your faith waver any more."
rendered the citizens from that time on more ready to
pay the tithes. Then, as was his wont, he urged that
a fast be proclaimed. When this had ended, a gentle
let
had
despaired.^
CHAPTER XIX
Batavis 2 is a town lying between two rivers, the
Aenus and the Danube. There Saint Severinus had
established after his wonted fashion a cell for a few
monks, because he himself not infrequently came
thither at the request of the citizens; particularly on
Caesar Baronius supposes that this chapter and passages in
vi, 12) and Gregory of Tours (Historia
Francorum, ii, 24) relate to a general famine, which, he believes,
1
afflicted the
finitimos."
"
dira
fames, aeque
afflixit
The
latter
Now
Passau.
but by
EUGIPPIUS
68
Now
addressed
the
that
in
any
rather to his
peril,
own
Roman
territory,
and
set free
69
number
of unfortunates.
CHAPTER XX
Roman dominion lasted, soldiers were
many towns at the public expense to
guard the boundary wall.^ When this custom ceased,
So long
as the
maintained in
Some
held out.2
The troop
at Batavis, however,
pay
had gone to
and no
them on the
to their comrades,
One day,
as Saint Severinus
Reiica annona, sent from Italy for the supply of the soldiers in Rae-
" dicebat
narrasse quae passus est, caballum se scilicet
factum annonam inter alia jumenta bajulasse militibus, quae dicitur
Retica, quoniam ad Retias deportatur."
2 The cohors nova Batavorim, according to the Notitia Dignitatum.
The to\NTi, that is, was a military station, and took its name from the
tia:
garrison.
EUGIPPIUS
70
CHAPTER XXI
One PauHnus,
company
of the saint.
for,
'^
Hasten, vener-
if,
as
we
believe,
And
thou oppresently,
when he returned
priesthood.
would indeed be an evidence of an extensive fame, were we able
Mr. Hodgkin's ingenious conjecture as to the source of the
penultimate name of the celebrated philosopher and poet Anicius
Manlius Severinus Boethius, who was bom at Rome probably during
Italy and her Invaders, iii
the eighth decade of the fifth century,
" Severinus was no doubt
(1885), p. 523 (or 2d ed., 1896, p. 471):
^
It
to accept
fifth
century,
^l
CHAPTER XXII
For a church beyond the walls of Batavis,
named Bojotro,^ across the Aenus, where
had
When
were sought.
monks,
in a place
Severinus
relics of
martyrs
Though
all
wrought by mortals'
passeth away,
toil
make no
blessing of Saint
because the
to
them with-
Why,
uninhabited.
then,
is it
necessary to provide
Now
Sancttmria.
Innstadt.
Reliquiae
is
The
relics
same meaning;
as,
extent.
181;
xi,
19.
securely buried.
EUGIPPIUS
72
to aid
them with
his
wonted
direction.
*'
departure
At
may
and
man
of
God was
vigils."
oppressed with
had burst
For open
scurrility
a witness of hidden
is
When
sins.
why
must say
it,
human
with
crated."
my
''
absence
must be
dese-
Therefore he went
As he was
Hunimund,^ accompanied by a
going
down
the river,
matia and
De Rehis
hostilities
Geticis,
53-55.
indeed, in his
ii,
p. 324,
But
the Hunimund of
who was he ? Eugippius through
if
king,
characters, aside
fathers.
Each
fair inference
whole work
He names
is
in all
perfectly
some
fifty
church
word or
and Hunimund. It
these names unqualified
his
XXXVI)
73
men
of the
priest
same place, and was slain by the pursuing barFor in vain did the offender against God
barians.
and enemy of truth seek protection in the place where
to the
CHAPTER XXIII
Once
and said
the
name
''
Blessed be
They
crossed the
relics
Danube
prayers to conduct
him
The
whose
king of the Suevi, a principal leader in a war, not yet remote in time,
that had devastated Central Europe for j^ears.
We may infer from the smalhiess of the force under the conmiand of
that the attack on Bojotro was made after the destructive
overthrows of the Suevi by the Ostrogoths; perhaps in 474 or 475.
The sequence of Eugippius's narrative points to the same date.
Hunimund
EUGIPPIUS
74
him the
relics of
The servant
God
of
CHAPTER XXIV
There was
more
Thither the
man
of
God,
it
at
all.
Schlogen.
W. Rettberg believes that Severinus may have owed his foreknowledge of barbarian raids to secret information received from his
friends among the Germans.
Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands, i, pp.
This view is held also by Felix Dahn.
232 f.
Gelehrte Anzeigen
2
F.
accept
ii,
p. 400, n. I.
Adamnan's Life
of St.
lowing century."
Columba
fol-
whom
of Quintanis, to
he
them that
said, weeping,
75
^'
Make
He bade
that Saint
if
Maximianus
a priest of
be urgently warned; that he at
leaving the scomers behind, through the comtoo,
The servant
was
of
God
and
Heruli
made a
CHAPTER XXV
Later
Severinus informed
try
was about
disaster.
him by
to experience a
Maximus took a
letter
EUGIPPIUS
76
all
wrote to
chief
the
and
man
them
to
by a three days'
disaster
of
and
meet the coming mis-
all
strongly admonished
God had
fast, as
the letter of
indicated.
fast
But
felt no danger.
and praiseworthy humility of heart, with the aid of the prophet, had armed
them boldly against the fierceness of the enemy.
everything waste.
The
the castles
CHAPTER XXVI
Later, a leper from the
territory of
by
Milan came
his fame.
When
to
he
When
of God's grace he
was
threw
not compelled to go
home
again;
monks
he had from
The man
command
desiring that he
sin as
and with
of
same
God
fatherly
to practise frequent
continue in
uninterrupted
77
to
him
by so great
months the man
was
life.
Fortified
CHAPTER XXVII
At
Quintanis, exhausted
Alamanni,
town
of the
left their
of Batavis.
wherefore the
might
two towns
in one attack.
and
in the
hope
by
of the
fled.
follows.
EUGIPPIUS
78
ye are
now
set free
own
Know
strength.^
little
to
space
of time,
that
God
So
native
whither
soil,
we
he added,
go,
''
must be abandoned
also,
as speedily as
now
in like
stubborn,
the town;
off into
captivity
and made
is bestowed, and does not rule; comes by the aid of legions, not by the
power of religion."
2 There is some measure of justice in the comment which Pallmann
makes upon the conduct of Severinus in this instance. " With his
words of discouragement Severinus divided the strength of the citizens.
Through his disheartening view of things, he brought a part
of them to despair, without helping in the least the others who did not
79
CHAPTER XXVIII
After
of the
Danube,
all
the people
the
givings,
the
and
to be defended rather
by the weapons
of
spirit.
of
God appointed
that
if
No
P- 397-
Passau paralyzed."
It
human body, was beginning at the extremities, and the provby one were renouncing their connection with Italy; when
we see Gaul independent under Aegidius, Dalmatia under Marcellinus; that in Noricum, if no general arose, yet at least a pure and
lofty spirit sought to do the works of righteousness."
death of a
inces one
EUGIPPIUS
8o
the throng and the
had
saint
cross,
number
When
of applicants.
all listened,
the
sign of the
the
word
his
And, following
way
of the Saviour,
in the
hand knowing
filled,
not.^
the
When
in the
oil
Now
the
hands
oil- vessels
of
of the attend-
fluid
done
may
straightway the
1
Mark,
x, 45.
oil
stayed.^
Matthew,
vi, 3.
8i
CHAPTER XXIX
the same time Maximus of Noricum, of whom we
have made mention above, kindled by the warmth of
At
snow
fell
so thickly that
it
all
who had
inclose those
fallen into
And when
it.
They were
and resumed
of
God
by
this
God
when sud-
command
At an
clothing.
-
is
earlier
Exposit io
The f riendhness
common
tot i us
standing
complete your
instantly heartened
denly by divine
Mundi
et
its
though in
export trade in
Gentium, 57.
ed.,
same capacity,
p.
There
Antverpiae, 1628).
and
they
lives, since
229
a.
a,
8i6 a;
EUGIPPIUS
82
men who
were bringing
possible
utmost
relief to the needy, but with the
friendliness conducted them as far as human habitaThen, having fulfilled his duty, he turned aside
tions.
the beast did not forsake the
much
When
CHAPTER XXX
The
citizens of the
town
tives
castles
by human
of
fugi-
The servant
of
God, instructed by divine inspiration, arranged beforehand with prophetic mind that they should bring
inside the city wall all their meagre property, in order
83
human
hfe,
abandon
their frightful
When
the fourth
scouts
me."
So at
last
walls.
At
men
gathered in
their watch.
by a
nearby haystack,
accidentally
torch, illmninated,
fired
city.
Then a
porter's
When
The
Sacra,
i,
best
life
of Constantius
pp. 82-87).
is
much
of the success of
Severinus in his work must have been due to the cooperation of Constantius.
The
'
archbishopric of Lauriacum
'
is
EUGIPPIUS
84
fied
shouting, and,
Next
thinking themselves detected, remained quiet.
morning they surrounded the city, and ran to and fro
everywhere; but when they found no food, they
seized the herd of cattle of a certain
man who
in the
God had
withdrew.
Now when
from the gates, and found ladders lying not far from
These the barbarians had made ready for
the walls.
the destruction of the city, and had thrown away
free;
for as
CHAPTER XXXI
Feletheus, sometimes called Feva, king of the Rugii,
hearing that from all the towns by the advice of the
servant of God the remnants that had escaped the
barbarian sword had gathered at Lauriacum, took an
1
James,
v, i6.
85
his purpose.
Reflect
upon the
grace, recall
how
greatly
it
their triumphs."
And
the king
whom
intercessor, to be ruined
by
up by
not
The servant
of Christ firmly
answered him
EUGIPPIUS
86
"
as follows:
these
rather reserved
by
delivered
robbers
Therefore,
counsel.
most
Commit
by the
lest
excellent king,
these subjects to
my
my guardian care,
army they be
constraint of so great an
For I trust in
my Lord,
that he,
ties,
leader to conduct
them
to safety."
But Severinus
the Rugii.^
any
remove into a
Roman
prov-
loss of Hberty.
CHAPTER XXXII
At
that prophecy,
by which
of yore
87
he should become king, entreated him to choose whatsoever gift he might desire. In response to this august
invitation, the saint asked that one
his
command.
when
Also, once
many nobles
such
Odoacer."
great
They
commendations.
'^
safe
replied,
between
thir-
CHAPTER XXXIII
among whom he
won fame. Saint Severinus came to ComaOne of the nobles of King Feletheus had a son,
genis.
a youth, who was wasted away by inveterate sickness
At
had
first
and
for
progress.
prayer.
health.
EUGIPPIUS
88
CHAPTER XXXIV
Likewise a
by name, attracted by
Saint Severinus, came from a far coun-
the virtues of
So he
try, asking to be cleansed through his prayer.
was given the customary command, and bidden ceaselessly and with tears to implore God, the giver of all
Why say more ? Through the prayers of the
grace.
saint the leper was cleansed by the divine aid; as he
altered his
CHAPTER XXXV
BoNOSUS, by birth a barbarian, was a monk of Saint
He was much
Severinus, and hung upon his words.
afHicted by weakness of the eyes, and desired that cure
be afforded him through the prayers of the saint. He
bore it ill that strangers and foreigners experienced
the aid of healing grace, while no cure or help
tendered to him.
'^
Son,
it is
The
servant of
God
was
by the
flesh.
be quickened."
power
of
He
gained a wonderful
After
89
same ardent
faith in
CHAPTER XXXVI
Let
it
Jesus."
This chapter
is
Chapter XXVIII presupposes the abandonment or destruction of all the towns on the Danube above Lauriacum, including
It is, however, the opinion of Pallmann (Geschichte der
Bojotro.
Volkerwandemng, ii, pp. 393 f.) and of Juhus Jung (Romer und Ro-
sequence.
manen
really
was no break
ity of occupation.
'
Corinthians, v,
5.
EUGIPPIUS
90
author of forged
letters,
in the future;
by the
and endured everything which
those possessed by devils are wont to suffer; until,
finally, in the fifth month he was cured, not merely
from the devil, but (what he needed and desired more)
was
seized
from the
So the
fault."
man
of
God turned
remedy
of fasting.
them
When
monks
to
days to the
for forty
Dialogi,
'
We shall
i,
20, 7.
if
'
horrid pride
'
91
CHAPTER XXXVn
Marcianus the monk, who was afterward priest, and
who preceded me in the headship of the monastery,
was sent by Severinus to Noricum in company with
As the third day was passing, the
Brother Renatus.
saint said to the brethren, " Pray, dearly beloved, for
is
upon Marcianus
to be
which the three monks were guilty was some form of insubordinaThe relation between humility and obedience in the monk is
discussed by H. B. Workman in his essay, The Evolution of the Mo" The third fundamental idea
nastic Ideal (London, 1913), pp. 68-74.
" first specifically introduced by Pachoof Monasticism," he says,
of
tion.
mius,
effect;
which
is
EUGIPPIUS
92
CHAPTER XXXVIII
Also most
commanded
one of the brethren, by name Ursus, to meet in advance a coming calamity by a strict fast of forty days,
with abstinence from food, and lamentations, saying,
''
and water."
by the remedy
of a scanty
own household,
that I
tediousness of
a lengthy task.
gifts
by which he
fore-
saw them.
CHAPTER XXXIX
The
and
times of prayer he
93
fulfilled in
the
little
The couch
of Saint
38 a Rosweyde.
2 Palladius {HeracUdis Paradisus,
35) tells a like story in praise of
the Egyptian monk Paphnutius Cephala: " De quo tale refer tur
praeconium, quod per octoginta annos numquam habuerit duas simul
tunicas."
3
Eusebius
{Ecclesiastica
f.,
Historia,
ii,
17;
Cruse's
translation,
De
Vita
wisdom should
some
of
name
of
EUGIPPIUS
94
He wept
if
they
CHAPTER XL
At
last, after
many
struggles
and long
contests, Saint
He bade
him with
He
come
to
exhorted Feva,
kingdom;
Then he
and
fearlessly
wisdom continued,
all riches,
the
man
of
God
i.
The
association of eating
95
Why
He
God ? "
who shall
it."
by
instructed
these
Then
The
learned Bavarian
Johann
historian,
makes
it
its
Adlzreitter,
floridly
length in Eugippius,
and
summary
of the Life.
scene:
than
but
that old
just.
"
The
Roman
p.
238),
is
more
rhetorically
many
a pathetic
agony
of
with the ruin of the empire than with the peril of their souls." La
Civilisation Chretienne chez les Francs (3d ed., Paris, 1861), pp. 41 f.
It requires a certain
amount
than the
is
prime
EUGIPPIUS
96
up even
The
pres-
But
most holy
the
when
CHAPTER XLI
Moreover most
more
or
in
Genesis,
Instances where saints are said to have predicted the day or even
1,
25.
the hour of their decease are not rare in the mediaeval narratives; but,
as compared with the present account, they are usually vague
perfunctory.
and
September, reveals
iii
three cases, on
when
97
had announced in agitation that on the morrow he was to perform the annual rites of commemoration for the burial day of his abbot, Saint Valentine,^
priest
same day."
Lucillus,
man."
1
There
is
life
of Valentine in
(Monaci, 1615-27),
i, ff.
Fas regnat
Valentine
Martini,
iv,
is
also
644-648)
Qua
ruri,
viam neque
vicina sedent
te
Breonum
Bajovarius obstat,
loca,
EUGIPPIUS
98
CHAPTER XLII
Feva, king of the Rugii, had given Favianis, one of
the few towns which remained on the bank of the
Danube, to his brother Ferderuchus.
Near this
town, as I have related, Saint Severinus dwelt. When
Ferderuchus came, as was his wont, to pay his respects
to Severinus, the soldier of Christ
began to
him
tell
Lord.
ing,
Therefore be warned, and beware of attemptI am gone, to lay hands on any of these
when
Seize not
If
thou
may Heaven
do not wish
Indeed,
it is
my
cell.
truth of
I
And
On
first
do not
desire."
that
99
my
and in memory
tion,
this
if
''
of
world
will
CHAPTER
XLIII
On
He
follow-
"
Most beloved
know
'
faith.
am
inferior
to
such piety.
dare not
Pleurisy.
EUGIPPIUS
lOO
I will refer
I will say.
whose
you
end of their
For Abraham, when called of the
Lord, obeyed in faith.
He went forth into a place
which he was to receive into his possession; and he
went forth not knowing whither he was to go. Thereelders,
conversation.^
copy
your
bonds
spirit,
my
to
human view
seeth.
searcheth
all
are
judgment;
for
God
seeth not as
and understandeth
all
the imag-
and pray
These things, so
man
and approve.
man
the fervor
praise
by
joy
the eyes of
may
see
'*
what hosts
of saints sur-
Let the
Hebrews,
I Chronicles, xxviii, 9;
'
Ephesians,
soldiers of
xiii, 7.
i,
18.
Romans,
^
viii,
II Kings,
27.
vi, 17.
God
fail
loi
hath seen
Therefore
fit
let
profiteth us not,
all sins
if
false.
with the
accord
It is a great
life,
There-
even for a
for
gait
And now I
commend you to God, and to the word of his grace,
who is able to preserve you, and to give you an inheri-
is
Psalms,
Homo saecularis.
made by
saith,
'
17.
The same
contrast of saecularis
and monachus
" Saecularium, et
chi:
tibi
li,
who
necesse est
coepisti ? "
laris
Opera
'
layman
';
2, col.
the
566.
Homo
saecu-
EUGIPPIUS
I02
among
all
approach for
his kiss.
He
all in
To
succession
the communion;
sanctuary;
Lord."
let
And
he
fell
of January, repeating
the responses,
When
that,
on the eighth
Hke
his
he had fore-
wooden
casket;^
that
when
come
to
the pre-
commands
of the
prophet might be
2
Psalms,
fulfilled.
cl, i, 6.
du Norique
Andre
Baudrillart, in
speaks of this
'
103
CHAPTER XLIV
Fekderuchus was poor and ungodly, a greedy barWhen
barian, and more greedy than the barbarians.
he learned of the death of Saint Severinus, he deter-
by name,
commit the
incessant trembhng in
was possessed by a
right his sins
all his
limbs,
and furthermore
devil.
by adopting a
better purpose.
to
For he
profession, exchanged
of heaven,
and with-
The
i,
439-452 (Capraria:
Hilarius Arelatensis,
De
iii,
16, 17, in
It
demons.
EUGIPPIUS
I04
month he was
son,
and
lost
slain
by
to his home.
before
whom
Fredericus
dered
all
the
Romans
command
Then
to migrate to Italy.
or-
all
the
Odoacer at
Rome
iii
by A. Thierry
(Paris,
in his Recits
ff.,
is
His invention
Ranke
{The Later
to Irene,
and J. B. Bury
London, 1889, i,
p. 289).
105
When Count
Pierius compelled
all
to depart, the
command
of Severinus.
monks
whereas we reckoned in
all
human
expectation to
fmd
hair,
Accordingly
was inclosed
had been prepared for it long before,
a wagon drawn by horses, and presently
placed in
carried forth.
made
the journey
in our
Julius
EUGIPPIUS
io6
abodes of their
Italy.
CHAPTER XLV
During
diseases,
lay
offered suppli-
chamber
And when he
High.
wont
to lodge,
was
Most
as usual
by nod and
we
all
rejoiced exceedingly,
who
Then
to
Marino.
Feltre, south of
San
107
CHAPTER XL VI
rank/ venerated Saint Severinus
She and her late husband had
with pious devotion.
Barbaria, a lady
of
known him well by reputation and through correspondWhen, after the death of the saint, she heard
ence.
body had with great labor been brought
and up to that time had not been committed to earth, she invited by frequent letters our
venerable priest Marcianus, and also the whole
Then with the authorization of Saint
brotherhood.
Gelasius, pontiff of the Roman see, and received by
the people of Naples with reverent obsequies, the body
was laid to rest by the hands of Saint Victor the bishop
in the Lucullan castle,^ in a mausoleum which Barbaria had built.
that his
into Italy,
190
Thomas Hodgkin
f.
widow
{Italy
f.)
of Orestes
see Jung's
On
134;
this point
and
Max
Classe, xci,
2
'
Now Pizzofalcone.
Two more translations
f.
still
October
14, 903,
The remains
of the saint
walls of Naples.
normi, 1657),
ii,
p. 62, reprinted in L.
i,
2,
A. Muratori's
pp. 271
f.;
Rerum
Italicarum
EUGIPPIUS
io8
At
this
solemnity
many
afflicted
by
divers diseases,
title of
Translatio SanctiSeverini or
(1643), PP-
noo-
Historica:
Scrip-
1103,
tores
Napoli (Naples, 1847-51), ii, pp. 253 f., doubts the authenticity of this
narrative, which, he thinks, owes at least its present form to the labor
of some Benedictine monk hving in the monastery of Saint Severinus
Descriptions of the monastery,
at the time of the revival of learning.
most part secularized and occupied by the Royal Neapolitan State Archives, and of the church of Saints Severinus and Sosius
connected with it, may be found in Napoli e i Luoghi Celebri delle
sue Vicinanze (Naples, 1845), i PP- 233-243, and in the current guide-
now
for the
books.
is
i,
p. 499:
eonim
dultu
cum
The
167S. Severino Abate (Naples, 1869), p. 41; Brunner, St. Severin, pp.
citizen of Naples,
and troublesome
109
who
sickness.
suf-
In-
members.
Also at that time a blind man, Laudicius, was startled
when he heard
what
it
was.
When
his household
was
was moved by
to the window;
passing, he
172.
it
20, 1914,
Monachorum e coenobio
Magnum, corpora utriusque
ad oppidum suum transtulerunt, ubi
nunc
redierint,
new
on
and distinguished
M. (Sanctus Sosius Martyr) and S. S. A.
to a
by the
gilt letters S. S.
Brunner,
St. Severin,
pp. 179
f.
no
off
EUGIPPIUS
Marinus
church at Naples,
and
In faith he
up
free
from pain.
In
vow.
know
of
Let
it suffice;
many
though
many
more.
man,
still
endures.
to the
By
memory
his merits
receive
whom
From
it
make by thy
memoir.
LETTER OF PASCHASIUS TO
EUGIPPIUS
Paschasius the deacon to the holy and ever most
beloved priest Eugippius.
measure
of
thy
skill,
eloquence, and
disdainest to consider
my vexatious
me by the
manifold imperfections.
Thou hast
sent
me a memoir
to
The
who dwelt in
life
and character
of Saint
much
faithful-
of
him.
The deeds
All persons to
of the
whom
Severinus shall have him before them, and shall perceive that in a certain sense he dwells with them.
^
And
Vita, Praef .,
"
III
PASCHASIUS
112
have thought
narrate, I
it
Indeed,
told, quite
of our
own
it is
me
to
make any
The
experience.
virtues
By
pupils.
God's
easily depicted
gift inspired,
by
their
thou understandest
ment
of the
minds
of the good:
their profitableness,
words
we have
of the apostle,
On
just,
and,
dis-
So also that most faithful Mattathias, as the days drew near that he should die a
glorious death, distributed to his sons as an inheritance
the examples of the saints ^ that fired with sacred zeal
tinguished men.^
by the wonderful
might hold
Nor did
For
I Peter, v, 3.
Timothy,
terrified
of the wicked,
iv, 12.
^
'*
Hebrews,
I
armed
princes,
Maccabees,
ii,
49
^^Q'
LETTER TO EUGIPPIUS
113
For
ther's service
something
is
through a bro-
illustrious
it is fitting
examples of
victories.
is
many
enlarged thereby.^
Maccabees,
8; v, 44, 68; x, 83
Revelation, xxi, 2, 9.
" As one lamp lights another nor grows
'
iii,
f.
less,
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
A
in
53-161.
Printed
581 (Venetiis),
i,
ff.
49-52.
The
(i,
pp. 111-121)
The
(Augustae Taurinorum,
496)
{a.
Baronius
monks
APPENDIX
ii8
a third of
or more.
Marcus
Velserus.
MC.
scripta,
Annos
circiter
Ex
quuta sunt, occasione vitae S. Severini illustrantur.
S. Emmerani Reginohurg. nunc primum
Bibliotheca
cum
edita,
scholiis.
Without the
letter of
ters.
The
serus's
Opera
first
separate edition.
{ibid.,
Repeated
in Vel-
This
Paschasius.
Canisius,
torum,
is
etc.,
Joannes Bolland,
(Antverpiae,
tom.
1
1643), pp.
483-499;
editio
novissima,
pp. 483-499.
service.
The
first
of the Annals;
the second,
the sections, which are found in several of the editions; the third, page
references to tom. viii (1751) of the best edition, that of Lucca; the
fourth, the chapters of the Life.
454
APPENDIX
Hieronymus Pez,
i
in Scriptores
119
Rerum Austriacarum,
torn,
et
Joseph Resch, in Annales Ecclesiae Sabionensis nunc Brixinensis atque Conterminarum (Augustae Vindelicorum,
1760), torn,
pp. 29(^-322.
i,
A number
of chapters
The
Acta Sanctorum.
letter of
Paschasius
in the
is
Cum
The
Scaphusiae, 1862.
first
table of chapters.
Hermann Sauppe.
lini,
1877.
In
Monumenta Germaniae
Pius Knoell.
1886.
rum,
i,
pars
vol.
Bero-
Historica,
Auc-
ii.
Vindobonae,
pars
Theodor Mommsen.
1898.
ii.
In Scriptores
Rerum Germanicarum
Berolini,
in
usum
recusi.
APPENDIX
I20
(b)
Johannes a Via.
German Translations
Das Leben
des
H. Severini
N ortgowischen
In his Historien
dem Latein
[of Surius]
Vienna,
1746.
in
columns paral-
to his text.
Leben des
heil.
P. Durach.
Carl Ritter.
Linz,
1853-
Jakob Leitner,
in
heiligen Bischofe
Karl Rodenberg.
pius.
11
edition,
2-1 74.
Leipsic, 1878;
2d edition, 1884.
In Geschicht-
Sebastian Brunner.
Das Leben
Die wichtigste
Urkunde aus der Zeit der Volkerwanderung. Aus dem
Lateinischen.
Mit Einleitung, Erklarungen, moglichst
vollstdndiger Literatur und einem Bericht iiber die Grabestdtten St. Sever ins bis auf die neueste Zeit.
Mit einer
Abbildung der neuen St. Severinuskirche in Wien.
Severin, von seinem Schiller Eugippius.
Vienna, 1879.
APPENDIX
(c)
121
French Translation
Latin
Hymn
Quo
Quis
stilo
studiis opimis
is
commonly unimpeachable,
says of
the Life {Memoires pour servir a VHistoire Ecclesiastique des six Premiers Siecles, Paris, 1 701-12, xvi, p. 180) " Elle est traduite en franfois
dans
de Mr. d'Andilli."
careful search,
in
Remy
may
The
Auteurs Sacres
how-
reference to
et
Ecclesias-
is
and MS.
Dreves has printed it from these, under the title of Hymnarius Severinianus, as volume xiv a of Analecta Hymnica Medii Aevi (Leipsic,
In it are two hymns (34 and 35, in Dreves's edition) in praise
1893).
The second dates from the tenth century, as is
of Saint Severinus.
shown by its reference to the signs and wonders that accompanied the
translation of the relics of the saint from the Lucullan castle to Naples.
It contains nothing of biographical interest.
lished
servir
in his
fif.,
from the
APPENDIX
122
nimiumque
Inclitus vates
Saepius
CLii
Tunc ad
felix,
deus intimabat
(11,39,
Muita
40)
futura,
(10)
(4, 5)
Oppida
fessa.
(3,
feritate victos
18)
SoKit ab hoste.
Magne
Tu quidem normam
monachis
(36)
dedisti,
(4, 9,
39)
Scandere celum.
Vatican manuscript.
It
is
The
it
was composed
form
classical purity of
and the unblurred outUne of the story strongly support this view.
After Ozanam, Migne, Sauppe, Knoell, and Mommsen, in their editions of the Life, and Dreves (as above) have printed the hymn.
Dreves alone has used the Paris manuscript. He has also supplied,
from another hymn with a similar ending, the last three lines of the
final stanza, the Doxology, which is incomplete in the manuscripts.
His text is, however, carelessly printed.
Andre Baudrillart gives a
French translation as an appendix to his Saint Sever in (1908). Sebastian Brunner in his translation of the Life (1879), PP- i^i f., gives in
German a very
" that
Its
it
inadvertently substituted
'
Silenus
'
for
Silvinus
'
in his rendering of
The
text which
is
Mommsen, with
APPENDIX
In tuis sacris manibus refulsit
123
(13)
Ad
(28)
Fontis ad instar.
(17)
(6, 14,
Sumpsit ab
Tuque Sylvinum
illo.
39)
loculo jacentem,
(16)
(11)
Nosque flammescunt
deitatis igne
Algida corda.
(45)
(46)
Cernere notos.
Neapolis, gaude redimita festa,
Quem
tibi
summus decus
et
juvamen
Praestitit auctor.
Cum
APPENDIX
124
Translation
all
celebrate
of heaven.
What
all
the
God
whom, for
made
often
Giving sweet
relief to
many who
fierce barbarians.
how
to
mount
to
oil
and increased
like
a foun-
tain.
He
sympathized with
sick,
all
And
bring
him back
to the joys of
life.
fire
of
God.
APPENDIX
Coming
125
dumb
received speech,
whom
For
his merits,
may
and
of thy worship.
Let us all resoimd glory to the Father, let us in suppliance sing glory unto Christ; with whom reigneth the Holy
and Creator.
Spirit
Ill
Chronological Table
(Numerals
453
Death of Attila.
455, 9
Sept.
(2 ?).
Autumn
or winter
Severinus
c.
482, 8 Jan.
(ibid.).
Death
of Severinus at his
monastery near
Favianis (43).
487.
brother Onoulfus.
Onoiilfus
APPENDIX
126
order the
Roman
provincials of Riverside
Noricum
withdraw to Italy. The body of Severinus is disinterred, and is accompanied by the monks to Mount
to
Feleter, in
The
Italy.
provincials
are
assigned
districts of Italy
"
(44).
Novae
in
Moesia
(44).
ment
of the
prophecy of Severinus
Fulfill-
(32).
Sometime during his pontifiis removed to the Lucullan castle, near Naples, and there placed by Saint
Victor, bishop of Naples, in a mausoleum built for it
492-96.
Gelasius
cate, the
by Barbaria
493, 27 Feb.
511.
pope.
of Severinus
(46).
Peace
Mar.
becomes
15
is
body
between
Odoacer
is
and Odoacer.
by Theodoric, who
Theodoric
assassinated
526, 30 Aug.
Death
of Theodoric.
INDICES
d', 108.
Anonymus
Anonymus
Mark, 80.
Matthew,
Cuspiniani, 32.
34,
38,
64,
I Peter, 112.
32.
Arnauld
19,
80.
Valesianus, 18.
d'Andilly,
Revelation, 113.
Robert,
Romans,
121.
100.
Athanasius, 93.
Atlantic Monthly, The, 94.
Augustine, Saint, 64, 69.
Ausonius, 51.
Timothy, 112.
BoUand, Joannes, $3.
Bible, The:
Acts, 102.
I Chronicles, 100.
Cassiodorus, 105.
Remy,
121.
Exodus, 35.
Ceillier,
Codex Theodosianiis,
18.
INDEX OF AUTHORS
130
Curschmann,
Dahn,
Felix, 74.
nus, 107.
Du
Cange,
51, 53.
Kaufmann, Georg,
36.
Excerptum Sangallense,
Expositio totius
Mundi
32.
Gen-
et
MarceUinus Comes,
Falckenstein, J. H.
von,
18,
Menander
Migne,
63.
55.
Protector, 52.
Mommsen, Theodor,
32,
2>Zy
122.
Akademie
bayerischen
der
Monumenta
71.
8;^.
Napoli
e i
Hayes, C. H.,
Luoghi Celehri
7, 29,
42.
Ozanam, A.
Hodgkin, Thomas,
Palladius, 93.
70, 107.
Hymnarius
delle
Severijiianus, 121.
INDEX OF AUTHORS
Paulinus Mediolanensis, 90.
Paulinus of Nola, 51.
Paulus Diaconus, 104.
131
103, III.
Surius, Laurentius, 33.
Priscus, 18.
Swarowsky, Anton,
41.
Quitzmann, E.
Thomas,
Tillemont, see
Le Nain de
Til-
lemont.
Translatio Sancti Severini, 108.
Valesius, 93.
Roncallius,
39.
32.
Vita Willibaldi,
8.
72.
GENERAL INDEX
Arians, Christian sect, 41, n.
Abel, 112.
46, n.
74,
n. 2.
Ad
Vineas,
cell of
Severinus
at,
36.
Aedituus, 51, n. 2.
Aegidius, ruler in Gaul, 41, n.
I,
41, n.
I,
Huns,
29,
125.
78, n. 2.
Aenus
i,
2.
2.
97, n.
Aetius,
78,
BajovariuSy 97, n. i.
Barbaria, lady of rank, 27, 107,
23,
I.
Roman
general,
126.
n. 2.
Alamanni, German
41, n.
I,
tribe,
monas-
85.
lay waste
at Batavis, 24, 77 f.
Almsgivings, enjoined by Seve-
74-
attacked by Hunimund, 72 f.
the Alamanni defeated at,
Alveus
(or
24, 77
f.
81, 97, n. i.
Gallic
Alneus),
2,
Bavaria, 38, n.
saint, 58, n. 3.
24,
78.
2.
monk,
93, n. i.
I,
Boethius, 70, n. i.
Bojotro (Innstadt), church at,
53, n. 2.
71.
133
GENERAL INDEX
134
Bojotro, monastery
of
Seve-
Bonosus, monk,
Boundary
25,
88
55
i.
affluent
97, n.
103, n.
the
of
ff.
Custosecclesiae, 30, n.
Dalmatia, 72,
Bulgaria, 104, n. 2.
Burgum, near Favianis, 38.
Byrrus,
Danube,
41, n.
f.
river
123,
f.
Danube, 60
ff.,
124.
Businca,
in
Noricum,
n,
i, 51, n. 2.
78, n.
i,
2,
I.
the,
I,
29,
^7,,
34, 38,
Danube
I.
17-
i.
Dumb
84,85,91, 92,
no.
III,
113,
man, miracle
of the, 27,
Earthquake,
31
date
at
Comagenis,
f.
of,
105.
2.
by Adamnan,
dissolution
Ens, 66, n.
74, n. 2.
of
the,
2.
2.
87.
earthquake at, 31 f.
Constantius, bishop of Lauriacum, 53, n. 2, 83.
Cucullis
(Kuchel),
Riverside
town
Noricum,
of
53,
n. I.
abominable
Deacon
i.
GENERAL INDEX
Fasts, 31.
by
practised
64, 93
enjoined
Severinus, ^8,
by him,
f-,
76,
77,
79,
by
practised
city
Noricum,
Thera-
the
peutae, 93, n.
3.
Riverside
in
21, ss,
36, 46,
f.,
at,
33 f.
defeat of the raiders near,
f.
wrongly
identified
Vienna, 36,
with
n. 2.
monastery of Severinus
see Monastery.
at,
26,
slain
by
f.
with Severinus,
i,
53, n. 2.
47
I.
by the goldsmiths,
seized
22,
f.
before
Odoacer,
104,
nus, 46.
removes
provincials
the
from Lauriacum, 25, 84 ff. Fugitivus,
final
26, 103
125.
his
Severinus,
104.
interview
his
98
monastery,
priest, 72.
35
adjured by
characterized, 103.
90, 92.
famine
f.
44, 54, 55
Favianis,
135
interview
Severinus, 26, 94
f.
18, n. 3.
with
Gaul, 67, n.
Gelasius,
I,
78, n. 2.
Saint,
pope
Milan, 49,
(492-
martyr of
n. i.
said
the
Ala-
GENERAL INDEX
136
Giso,
22, 40, n. I.
troubles
because of her
of,
to
opposition
46
125, 126.
Severinus,
ff.
strongly
of, 46, n. I.
her
interview
final
i.
n.
1,42.
destitution of, 66, n.
65
at
i.
i,
f.
75-
72,
Juvao
n. I.
Pennsylvania,
Noricum,
Heruli,
I,
German tribe,
Homo saecularis,
Hunimund,
Ice,
24, 41, n.
53, n. 2, 75.
Huns,
of
58,
n. I.
93,
n. 3.
'
town
(Salzburg),
Riverside
Harmony,
Saint, bless-
n. 3.
Severinus, 94 f.
removed to Italy, 104, 125.
72
loi, n.
at, 22
2.
f.,
59
f.
f.
Klosterneuburg, 29, n.
Kuchel, see CuculUs.
the, 29.
formation
of,
on
3.
the
Laid, loi, n. 2.
melting of, on the Aenus, 34. Laudicius, blind man, miracle
of, 109 f., 123, 125.
Importunus, Roman consul
Lauriacum, chief town of River(509), 15.
Danube,
38.
side
Noricum,
66, n. 2, 89, n.
53,
n.
2,
i.
66 f.
people of Batavis remove to,
dent, 103, n.
I.
78.
GENERAL INDEX
Lauriacum, miracle of the
oil
82fif.
of
137
Marcellinus, ruler in
tia,
41, n.
I,
Dalma-
78, n. 2.
Marcianus, monk,
26, 91.
2,
63, n.
I.
Locellum, 102, n.
3.
Loculum, 102, n.
Locusts, ravages
Lorch, 66, n. 2.
3.
of, 22,
75
leads
55
ff.
2.
f.
party
across
Favianis, 26, 36
f.,
guntia, 36.
43
f.,
Italy,
106, 126.
Naples, 8, n.
pursues the robbers, 35.
no, 121, n.
victorious at the brook Ti-
i.
Monachus, loi, n. 2.
Monastery of Severinus near
at Batavis, 67.
Macerata di Monte Feltre,
at Bojotro, 71, 89 f.
town in Italy, 106, n. i.
Macon, second council of Mount Feleter, castle in
(585), 64, n. I.
Mamertinus, tribune, 35.
the
Alps, 81.
i,
27,
2,
126.
107, 109,
Nor tea
rura, 97, n. i.
Norici, 23, 65, 67, n.
i.
GENERAL INDEX
138
78, n. 2.
2,
Egyptian
n.
18,
i,
monk,
41, n.
Pannonias, the,
n. 2, III, 125.
126.
Noricum
81, 105, n.
Novae,
i,
52, n. 2.
city
Paschasius,
I.
Moesia,
of
Egyp-
104,
126.
20.
repHes, 111-113.
Odoacer,
visits cell of
Severi-
priest
i,
of
Mediterraneum,
nus, 45.
and
Paulinus,
Noricum
23, 70.
in
f.
proclaimed
112.
ruler
of
Italy,
24, 70.
warned by Severinus
125.
f.
of the
incursion of the Alamanni,
24, 75
f-
commands
the
removal of
overthrown
93, n. 3.
f.
and
slain
by
Theodoric, 126.
miracle of the, 24, 79
digala, 51, n.
2.
Count,
official of
Odo-
f.
f.,
Oil,
123, 124.
104, 125
n. 2.
the, 22, 56
f.
117, n.
I.
125.
f.,
Postumianus, 90.
i,
51, n. 2,
19, 125.
Processa,
108
f.
woman
of
Naples,
GENERAL INDEX
Procula, wealthy widow,
Protasius,
Milan, 49, n.
relics of, 22, 49
t,t,
martyr
Saint,
f.
of
i.
Rugii,
139
German
Danube,
f.
distinctive
I,
67, n.
i,
97.
town in Pannonia,
by earthquake,
Sabaria,
I,
125.
San Marino,
2.
106, n. i.
i,
Saxons,
German
tribe, 41, n. i,
53, n. 2.
Scamarae, robbers,
i,
46, 48,
52.
(empire) 4 1 n.
,
60, n. 2
founds
monastery
Favianis, 36
only
92
mode
2.
f.,
67
near
37, 50
f.,
122, 124.
of life of, 38
redeems
f.
f.
monks,
trains the
I.
widow's
89,
territory, 68.
72,
90.
2.
Rugian
2.
Saracens, 107, n. 3.
Satan, 25, 45, n.
i.
93, n. 3.
107, n.
38, n.
Sanctuaria, 71, n.
77, 104.
Rome
Rome
104,
n. 2.
2.
Romans,
attacked by Odoacer,
32, n.
2.
i.
Roman
Roman
41,
Reliquiae, 71, n.
of,
destroyed
Batavis, 77.
Quirinus, martyr, 36, n.
i,
position
f.
Rapp, George,
40,
n. I.
by the Rumania,
Raetii, 60, n.
25,
125.
75.
Raetia, 69, n.
22,
on the
tribe
21,
ff.,
captives,
92
23.
fif.
48,
ff.
49
f.,
71, 73 f
GENERAL INDEX
I40
fame
i.
Bulgaria,
Sistova,
and the
needy, 23, 63
2 2, 50.
104, n.
2.
Favianis
at
Soldiers,
Mamertinus, 35
124.
under
f.
at Batavis, 69 f.
gabbling Sosius, martyr, 107, n.
reviled
by
the
Spital, 65, n.
3.
2.
StiUcho, 72, n.
i,
89.
monks, 25
death
f.,
the, 22, 58
Tapers
to
Mount
Feleter,
27,
f.,
of the, 22, 53
Tejo,
123, 124.
123, 124.
miraculously
leper,
third
to
translation,
the
goths, 60, n.
2,
104, 105, n.
I, 126.
Benedictine monastery of
Saint Severinus in Naples, Therapeutae, Egyptian ascet-
ics,
107, n. 3.
93, n. 3.
apostle
Austria, 36, n.
Silvinus,
priest
storm Batavis,
78.
39, n. 2.
called
second
Silenus, 121, n.
1,85.
Noricum,
of
2.
2.
of
Quintanis,
cum Mediterraneum, 41
n. i
65 f., 70.
Tiguntia, brook, battle at the,
36.
recalled
n. 2, 123, 124.
num,
15.
GENERAL INDEX
Tyrrhenian Sea,
141
the, 103, n. i.
at, 120.
Upper Pannonia,
Ursus, monk, 26,
19, 32, n. i.
i.
3.
92.
Western Empire,
Valentine, Saint, bishop of the
Willibald,
Raetias, 97.
the, 41 > n. i,
72, n. I.
Saxon pilgrim, 8, n.
i.
Wiirtemberg, 93, n. 3.
Verona, battle of (489), 126.
Victor, Saint, bishop of Naples,
Zeno, Byzantine emperor (474
107, 126.
Victory, goddess, 78, n.
i.
-491), 126.