Analysis of Structures

Book of Examples
2009

University of Duisburg-Essen
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Structural Analysis and Construction
Dr. E. Baeck
14.11.2009

Contents
1

Frames
1.1 2d Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Exercise 1: Single Span Girder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3
3
7

Sheets
2.1 Folded Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.1 Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2 Boundary Conditions and Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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9
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13

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E. Baeck

Analysis of Structures - WS09/10

Frames
1.1

2d Frame

In this section a simple 2 dimensional frame should be analysed (see figure 1.1)1 . The posts are totally
fixed at their bearings. The load is applied at the upper left corner. The system parameters are given in
table 1.1.
We model the frame in parameterized form using symbolic names for the system parameters. The results
are shown in four windows. Window 1 shows the displacements, window 2 shows the normal forces,
window 3 the shear forces and window 4 shows the moments of the frame.

Figure 1.1: Simple 2d Frame

This example is taken from [3]

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Analysis of Structures - WS09/10

The system parameters are summarized in the following table.

Symbol ADPL

Value Comment

length

10000 mm frame length or width

height

emod 210000 N /mm 2 Youngs module, elasticity

4000 mm frame height

nue

Ap

Ap

10.6 cm 2 Profiles cross section area

Izz

Izz

171 cm 4 Profiles moment of inertia

Px

Px

Py

Py

0.3 Poissons ratio

1.kN horizontal node load

-2.kN vertikal node load
Table 1.1: System Parameters

The following listing shows input file for the system analysis.
/cwd,c:\cm\cm-AoS
/filnam, Frame1new

! setup work directory

! setup file name for working files

/prep7
/tit, Frame Example 1

! starting the preprocessor

! setup the projects title

! input section for symbolic information

! - geometry
length = 10000.
height = 4000.
! material
emodul = 21000.
nue
=
0.3

! Youngs modul
! Poissons ratio

! profiles values: IPB100

Ap = 10.6*1.e+2
Izz = 171.0*1.e+4

! cross section area

! moment of inertia

! loads
Px = 1000.
Py =-2000.

! node load in x-direction

! node load in y-direction

! mesh size
es = 500.

E. Baeck

1.1. 2D FRAME

Page 5

! creating keypoints (KP))

k,1,

0,0

! creating key point 1 at x=0 and y=0

k,2,

0,height

! creating key point 2

k,3,length,height

! creating key point 3

k,4,length,0

! creating key point 4

! creating the lines: the line number is handled implicitly

l,1,2

! creating line 1 from KP 1 to KP 2

l,2,3

! creating line 2 from KP 2 to KP 3

l,3,4

! creating line 3 from KP 3 to KP 4

! select the element type

! 1: set number
! 3: beam3
1,3

et,

keyopt, 1,6,1

! selecting element type for set 1 , beam3

! setup special setting for beam3

keyopt, 1,9,0
! material values
mp, ex

, ,emodul

mp, prxy, ,nue

! setup material parameters in activ set

! which is set 1

! profile values
r,1,Ap,Izz

! setup geometric parameters in set 1

! create the mesh

esize, es

! setup element size using symbolic name

lmesh,all

! mesh all elements along lines

! boundary condition
! - supports
nsel,s,loc,y,0

! select all nodes with y=0

!d,all,all

! would fix all degrees of freedom in selection

d,all,ux

! fix all x-translation dofs in selection

d,all,uy

! fix all y-translation dofs in selection

d,all,rotz

! fox all z-rotation dofs in selection

nsel,all

! reset node selection

! creating loads
nsel,s,loc,x,0
nsel,r,loc,y,height
f,all,fx,Px

! load on all nodes of selection in x direction

f,all,fy,Py

! load on all nodes of selection in y direction

nsel,all

! reset the node selection

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finish

Analysis of Structures - WS09/10

! close preprocessor section

! calculate the results

/solu

! enter solution section

solve

! starting the solver

finish

! close solution section

! postprocessor section
/post1

! enter postprocessor section

! prepare the elementtables

etable,ni,smisc,1

! x-force left node

etable,nj,smisc,7

! x-force right node

etable,vi,smisc,2

! y-force left node

etable,vj,smisc,8

! y-force right node

etable,moi,smisc,6

! z-moment left node

etable,moj,smisc,12

! z-moment right node

! setup output windows

/wind,all,off
/wind,1,ltop

! setup left top window

/wind,2,rtop

! setup right top window

/wind,3,lbot

! setup right bottom window

/wind,4,rbot

! setup right bottom window

! set general plot flags

gplot

! create plots
/gcmd,1,pldisp,1

! plot displacements in window 1

/gcmd,2,plls,ni,nj

! plot normal forces in window 2

/gcmd,3,plls,vi,vj

! plot shear forces in window 3

/gcmd,4,plls,moi,moj

! plot moments in window 4

/replot

! update actual view

E. Baeck

1.2. EXERCISE 1: SINGLE SPAN GIRDER

1.2

Page 7

Exercise 1: Single Span Girder

As an exercise you can write an ADPL file to analyse a single span girder (see figure 1.2) using the
parameter of table 1.2. The single span girder should be explored for hinged and for fixed ends. The
results (normal forces, shear forces and moments) should be compared with the table values of the
literature. A representation like in section 1.1 should be chosen.2

Figure 1.2: Single Span Girder

The system parameters are summarized in the following table.

Symbol ADPL

Value Comment

length

10000 mm span length

emod 210000 N /mm 2 Youngs module, elasticity

Ap

Ap

10.6 cm 2 Profiles cross section area

Izz

Izz

171 cm 4 Profiles moment of inertia

Pnode

10 kN vertical load in the middle of the span

Table 1.2: System Parameters

If you write a little report you will get have a grade.

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E. Baeck

Analysis of Structures - WS09/10

Sheets
2.1
2.1.1

Folded Sheet
Geometry

In this section a simple 2 dimensional folded sheet should be analysed (see figure 2.1)1 .
We model the sheet in parameterized form using symbolic names for the system parameters.

Figure 2.1: Folded Sheet

This example is taken from [1]

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Analysis of Structures - WS09/10

The system parameters are summarized in the following table.

Symbol

ADPL

Value Comment

l1

Length1

60 mm hole distance 1

l2

Length2

20 mm hole distance 2

w1

Width1

20 mm sheet width part 1

w2

Width2

20 mm sheet width part 2

d1

DHole1

8 mm hole 1 diameter

d2

DHole2

8 mm hole 2 diameter

r1

Radius1

4 mm fillet radius

emod

nue

thickn

p1

press1

p2

press2

210000 N /mm 2 Youngs module, elasticity

0.3 Poissons ratio
0.5 mm sheet thickness
5.0 N /mm 2 load ordinate at load boundary
50.0 N /mm 2 load ordinate at load center
Table 2.1: System Parameters

We use the plane82 element with nodes at the corners and in the middle of the edges (see [2]).

Figure 2.2: Elemente Type Plane82

E. Baeck

2.1. FOLDED SHEET

Page 11

The following listing shows input file for the system analysis.

/cwd,c:\cm\cm-AoS
/filnam, sheet1
! Enter preprocessor section

/prep7

/tit, angle sheet

! >>
! begin of input section
! o geometry
Length1 = 60.

! sheet length

Length2 = 20.
Width1

= 20.

Width2

= 20.

DHole1

8.

DHole2

8.

Radius1 =

4.

thickn

= 1.5

! sheet width
! diameter of holes
! radius for fillet
! thickness

! o material
emod

= 210000.

! Youngs Modul / E-Module

nue

= 0.3

! Poissons ratio

! end of input section

! <<
! element selection
et,1,Plane82

! we use a plane element for plane stress conditions

keyopt,1,3,3

! input of thickness using real constant

r,1,thickn

! setup thickness

! material
mp,ex,1,emod

! Youngs module

mp,nuxy,1,nue

! Poissons ratio

! modeling section
rect,0.,Length1,-Width1/2.,Width1/2.
rect,Length1 -Width2,Length1,-Width1/2.,-Width1/2. -Length2
cyl4,,,width1/2.

! cylinder area for 1st hole

kwpave,5,6

! move workplane in the middle of keypoint 5 and 6

! (the workplane discribes the local koordinate system)

cyl4,,,width2/2.

! cylinder area for 2nd hole

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Analysis of Structures - WS09/10

! combine areas
aadd,1,2,3,4

! sheet without holes and fillet

! first hole area

cyl4,,,DHole1/2.

! hole at origin of workplane

wpave

! shift workplane to previous position

! second hole area

cyl4,,,DHole2/2.

! hole at origin of workplane

! select hole areas

asel,s,,,1,2,1
! and create a component of the areas of holes
cm,holearea,area

! reset selection
allsel

! substract holes area from sheet area

asba,5,holearea

! reset selection
allsel

! create fillet lines

lfill,17,8,Radius1

! we select the lines with line number

! the fillet is created with given radius

! fillet area
al,12,13,14

! the fillet area is build using the edge lines

! add all remaining areas

aadd,all

E. Baeck

! all areas are combined

2.1. FOLDED SHEET

2.1.2

Page 13

Boundary Conditions and Loads

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E. Baeck

Analysis of Structures - WS09/10

Bibliography
[1] FEM fur Praktiker - Band 1: Grundlagen
7. Auflage 2002, expert verlag, Renningen
[2] ANSYS Helpfile
[3] Einfuhrung ANSYS CLASSIC & WORKBENCH Workshop
Universitat Dortmund / Fakultat Bauwesen
Lehrstuhl Numerische Methoden und Informationsverarbeitung
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Franz-Joseph Barthold, 2. Oktober 2006

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