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SharingAbstracts,NotesonvariousElectricalEngineeringTopics.

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MAY12,2013 7COMMENTS(HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2013/05/12/CALCULATEVOLTAGE
REGULATIONOFDISTRIBUTIONLINE/#COMMENTS)

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VoltageregulationorLoadReguationistomaintainafixedvoltageunderdifferentload.Voltageregulationislimitingfactorto
decidethesizeofeitherconductorortypeofinsulation.
Incircuitcurrentneedtobelowerthanthisinordertokeepthevoltagedropwithinpermissiblevalues.Thehighvoltagecircuit
shouldbecarriedasfaraspossiblesothatthesecondarycircuithavesmallvoltagedrop.

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Where
P=TotalPowerinKVA
L=TotalLengthofLinefromPowerSendingtoPowerReceivinginKM.
PF=PowerFactorinp.u
RC=RegulationConstant(KVAKM)per1%drop.
RC=(KVxKVx10)/(RCos+XSin)
LDF=LoadDistributionFactor.
LDF=2foruniformlydistributedLoadonFeeder.
LDF>2IfLoadisskewedtowardthePowerTransformer.
LDF=1To2IfLoadisskewedtowardtheTailendofFeeder.
DF=DiversityFactorinp.u

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MaximumVoltageRegulationatanyPointofDistributionLine
PartofDistribution
System

UrbanArea
(%)

SuburbanArea
(%)

RuralArea(%)

UptoTransformer

2.5

2.5

2.5

UptoSecondaryMain

0.0

UptoServiceDrop

0.5

0.5

0.5

Total

6.0

5.0

3.0

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Thevoltagevariationsin33kVand11kVfeedersshouldnotexceedthefollowinglimitsatthefarthestendunderpeakload
conditionsandnormalsystemoperationregime.
Above33kV()12.5%to(+)10%.
Upto33kV()9.0%to(+)6.0%.
Lowvoltage()6.0%to(+)6.0%
IncaseitisdifficulttoachievethedesiredvoltageespeciallyinRuralareas,then11/0.433kVdistributiontransformers(inplaceof
normal11/0.4kVDTs)maybeusedintheseareas.

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SizeofcapacitorforimprovementofthePowerFactorfromCos1toCos2is

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WhereKVA1isOriginalKVA.

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/ >.9$5&.9$5/[Q@

Where,
L=distanceinperunitalongthelinefromsubstation.
KVARC=Sizeofcapacitorbank
KVARL=KVARloadingofline
n=relativepositionofcapacitorbankalongthefeederfromsubstationifthetotalcapacitanceistobedividedintomorethan
oneBankalongtheline.IfallcapacitanceisputinoneBankthanvaluesofn=1.

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9ROWDJH5LVH .9$5&DS[/[;[9[

Where,
KVAR(Cap)=CapacitorKVAR
X=Reactanceperphase
L=LengthofLine(mile)
V=Phasetophasevoltageinkilovolts

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CalculateVoltagedropand%VoltageRegulationatTrailendoffollowing11KVDistributionsystem,SystemhaveACSRDOG
Conductor(AI6/4.72,GI7/1.57),CurrentCapacityofACSRConductor=205Amp,Resistance=0.2792andReactance=0,
Permissiblelimitof%VoltageRegulationatTrailendis5%.

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VoltagedropatLoadA
LoadCurrentatPointA(I)=KW/1.732xVoltxP.F
LoadCurrentatPointA(I)=1500/1.732x11000x0.8=98Amp.
RequiredNoofconductor/Phase=98/205=0.47Amp=1No
VoltageDropatPointA=((3x(RCos+XSin)xI)/(NoofConductor/Phasex1000))xLengthofLine
VoltageDropatPointA=((1.732x(0.2720.8+0x0.6)x98)/11000)x1500)=57Volt
ReceivingendVoltageatPointA=SendingendVoltVoltageDrop=(110057)=10943Volt.
%VoltageRegulationatPointA=((SendingendVoltReceivingendVolt)/ReceivingendVolt)x100
%VoltageRegulationatPointA=((1100010943)/10943)x100=0.52%
%VoltageRegulationatPointA=0.52%
VoltagedropatLoadB
LoadCurrentatPointB(I)=KW/1.732xVoltxP.F
LoadCurrentatPointB(I)=1800/1.732x11000x0.8=118Amp.
Distancefromsource=1500+1800=3300Meter.
VoltageDropatPointB=((3x(RCos+XSin)xI)/(NoofConductor/Phasex1000))xLengthofLine
VoltageDropatPointB=((1.732x(0.2720.8+0x0.6)x98)/11000)x3300)=266Volt
ReceivingendVoltageatPointB=SendingendVoltVoltageDrop=(1100266)=10734Volt.
%VoltageRegulationatPointB=((SendingendVoltReceivingendVolt)/ReceivingendVolt)x100
%VoltageRegulationatPointB=((1100010734)/10734)x100=2.48%
%VoltageRegulationatPointB=2.48%
VoltagedropatLoadC
LoadCurrentatPointC(I)=KW/1.732xVoltxP.F
LoadCurrentatPointC(I)=2000/1.732x11000x0.8=131Amp
Distancefromsource=1500+1800+2000=5300Meter.
VoltageDropatPointC=((3x(RCos+XSin)xI)/(NoofConductor/Phasex1000))xLengthofLine
VoltageDropatPointC=((1.732x(0.2720.8+0x0.6)x98)/11000)x5300)=269Volt
ReceivingendVoltageatPointC=SendingendVoltVoltageDrop=(1100269)=10731Volt.
%VoltageRegulationatPointC=((SendingendVoltReceivingendVolt)/ReceivingendVolt)x100
%VoltageRegulationatPointC=((1100010731)/10731)x100=2.51%
%VoltageRegulationatPointC=2.51%
HereTrailendPoint%VoltageRegulationis2.51%whichisinpermissiblelimit.

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VoltagedropatLoadA
LoadCurrentatPointA(I)=KW/1.732xVoltxP.F
LoadCurrentatPointA(I)=1500/1.732x11000x0.8=98Amp.
Distancefromsource=1.500Km.
RequiredNoofconductor/Phase=98/205=0.47Amp=1No
VoltageDropatPointA=(Ix(Rcos+Xsin)xLength)/V(PhaseNeutral))x100
VoltageDropatPointA=((98x(0.2720.8+0x0.6)x1.5)/16351)=0.52%
%VoltageRegulationatPointA=0.52%
VoltagedropatLoadB
LoadCurrentatPointB(I)=KW/1.732xVoltxP.F
LoadCurrentatPointB(I)=1800/1.732x11000x0.8=118Amp.
Distancefromsource=1500+1800=3.3Km.
RequiredNoofconductor/Phase=118/205=0.57Amp=1No
VoltageDropatPointB=(Ix(Rcos+Xsin)xLength)/V(PhaseNeutral))x100
VoltageDropatPointB=((118x(0.2720.8+0x0.6)x3.3)/16351)=1.36%
%VoltageRegulationatPointA=1.36%
VoltagedropatLoadC
LoadCurrentatPointC(I)=KW/1.732xVoltxP.F
LoadCurrentatPointC(I)=2000/1.732x11000x0.8=131Amp.
Distancefromsource=1500+1800+2000=5.3Km.
RequiredNoofconductor/Phase=131/205=0.64Amp=1No
VoltageDropatPointC=(Ix(Rcos+Xsin)xLength)/V(PhaseNeutral))x100
VoltageDropatPointC=((131x(0.2720.8+0x0.6)x5.3)/16351)=2.44%
%VoltageRegulationatPointA=2.44%
HereTrailendPoint%VoltageRegulationis2.44%whichisinpermissiblelimit.
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AboutJignesh.Parmar
JigneshParmarhascompletedM.Tech(PowerSystemControl),B.E(Electrical)fromGujaratUniversity.Hehasmorethan13years
experienceinPowerTransmissionPowerDistributionElectricalenergytheftdetectionElectricalMaintenanceElectrical
Projects(PlanningDesigningcoordinationExecution).HeisPresentlyassociatewithoneoftheleadingbusinessgroupasaDeputy
ManageratAhmedabad,India.HeisFreelancerProgrammerofAdvanceExcelanddesignusefulExcelSheetsofElectrical
EngineeringasperIS,NEC,IEC,IEEEcodes.HeistechnicalAuthorforElectricalMirrorandElectricalIndiaMagazines.Heis
TechnicalBloggerandFamiliarwithEnglish,Hindi,Gujarati,Frenchlanguages.HewantstoSharehisexperience&knowledgeand
helptechnicalenthusiaststofindsuitablesolutionsandupdatingthemselvesonvariousEngineeringTopics.

5HVSRQVHVWR&DOFXODWH9ROWDJH5HJXODWLRQRI'LVWULEXWLRQ/LQH
angelitoCortezsays:
May12,2013at5:49am
DearSir,Canyouhelpme.Ihave3phaselineeachlinehavecurrenttransformer,weknowthatcurrenttransformerhave

DearSir,Canyouhelpme.Ihave3phaselineeachlinehavecurrenttransformer,weknowthatcurrenttransformerhave
polarity.wehave(+)and()sign.Positivesigndirecttotheammeter,andthenegativecaniputdirecttotheammeterorcani
putbyseries?Pleasehelpme,Regadrs,AngelitoCortez
Reply
ChhaviNathDubeysays:
May16,2013at6:40am
Dearsir,Imarecentpassoutandworkinginaelectricaldesignfirm,ourallexperiencedpersonshasresignedandImfacing
problemincalculatingsizeandratingofctpt,vcb,controlpanel,relay,cablecalculationforsubstationandswitchyard.Ineed
yourhelponthesetopics.Plshelpmeout.Thanksinadvance.BestRegds,Chhavi
Reply
Padlock01says:
May22,2013at7:28am
IsthereaBuyUnlockedversionavailable
padlock01
Reply
edwardgeorgeroyalsays:
May29,2013at1:31am
IamelectricianjuststartoutIneedsomehelp
Reply
tejasruthisays:
May29,2013at4:07pm
hellosir,
thanksforursite.IamfromAndhrapradeshworkingasassistantengineerforcommercialsectionwherewehavetodraw11kv
sketchesandLTsketchesandestimatequantityofmatieralrequiredforthatparticularwork.Butitwasverynewtome.Idont
knowhowtocheckthesketchessendbythefieldengineersfortheirworkslikeDTRerection,servicelineerectionandshiftingof
poles,providingDPstructuresetc.pleasegivemesometipssothaticanenhancemyknowledgeinmywork.
Reply
H.SATHIAMOORTHYsays:
April4,2015at6:49am
MydearMrParmer,
IamworkingonaprojectinRajasthanwhere11KV/0.433KV,threephasethreewiresystemisbeingused.Whereever230V
supplyisrequiredforPowerandlighting,theyareusing440V/230Vlightingtransformers.Thelightingtransformersare
providedwithearthanditisearthed.TheclientwantsmetofollowthesamesystemeventhoughIamnotconvincedtofollow
thesamesystem.Astheunitisconnectedwithoilandgasplants,theywanttouseCBCT,RCBO,ELCBetctothegreatextent.
Pleasestudyandgiveyourobservationsontheexistingsystem.
H.SATHIAMOORTHY
Reply
kisssnaxnsays:
August9,2015at3:06am
Hi,
iwanttoknowfortheprotectionofequipmentandtowerincommunicationwhichlighteningprotectionmethodisbetter.
Lighteningrodconnectedtobondingofbodyearthingorseparatelighteningearthingandseparateforbodyearthing.
Reply

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