(Gen 1:1) IN THE beginning God (prepared, formed, fashioned, and) created the heavens and the earth.

(1)
(Dake)
Gen 1:1

_1:1
a

[THE CREATIVE AGES] Creative ages-from the dateless past to the end of the seven days of Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25. The period may be
called the dispensation of angels, because angels ruled various planets (Isa_14:12-14; Eze_28:11-17; Col_1:15-18).

[made perfect and inhabited] Deu_32:4; Job 38; Psa_18:30; Ecc_3:11.

[The world that then was] "The world (Greek: kosmos (G2889), social system) that then was" embraces the pre-Adamite universe, to
which all fossils and remains belong.

The Dateless Past

"In the beginning" refers to the dateless past (Pro_8:22-23; Joh_1:1; Act_15:18; Eph_3:9; Col_1:18; Heb_1:10; Heb_11:3; 1Jn_1:1; Rev_1:8;
Rev_3:14). Gen_1:1 is the introduction to the Bible and all of history, because it marks the boundary between time and eternity. It is not a
summary of what is to follow, because it mentions heaven first while the following verses mention the earth first. Job_38:4-7 makes it clear
that the heavens were created first or the stars couldn't have rejoiced when the earth was created. This proves that Gen_1:1 refers to prior acts
of God. Gen_1:2 shows that the earth was under a flood of judgment. And, the verses which follow refer to the earth's restoration to a second
habitable state. That God existed from all eternity is clear in Scripture (Psa_90:2; Psa_93:2; Pro_8:22-31; Mic_5:2; Joh_1:1-3; Heb_9:14;
Rev_1:4-8; Rev_4:8; Rev_22:5; Rev_22:13). What He did in all the dateless past, besides creating the spiritual, moral, and material
universes, is not revealed (see Deu_29:29).

The Age of the Earth

There is no conflict between science and the Bible. However, real scientific discoveries must be distinguished from theories. Science-especially
geology-is still in its infancy and the testimony of rocks is uncertain. True statements of God's Word must also be distinguished from man's
interpretation of them. We can't say how old the earth is because we don't know when the beginning was. God's creation of the heavens and
the earth could have been billions of years ago. If geologists can prove the age of the earth to be what they claim, we have no scriptural
authority to disagree. They can't contradict the Bible, however, because it doesn't reveal any time element in connection with the earth's
original creation. This much is certain according to Scripture: The earth is more than six thousand years old and was inhabited before the
days of Adam. It was cursed and flooded because of sin before the six days of re-creation in Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25. Lucifer was already a
fallen creature when he came into Adam's Eden, having already ruled the earth and rebelled, causing the first flood (Gen_1:2; Isa_14:12-14;
Jer_4:23-26; Eze_28:11-17; Luk_10:18; 2Pe_3:5-7). See Lucifer's Flood and The Pre-Adamite World.

Fifteen Things which the Bible Does Not Say

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The beginning was 6,000 years ago.

The earth was created 6,000 years ago.
The six days' work of Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25 was the same as the original work of Gen_1:1.
The earth was created as chaos and flooded as in Gen_1:2 (Isa_45:18).
The earth was created waste and empty as in Gen_1:1 (Isa_45:18).

6. Light and darkness were created in day one of Gen_1:3-5. This isn't true because they were present in Lucifer's kingdom before Adam.
When the earth was flooded because of sin (Gen_1:2; Psa_104:6-9; 2Pe_3:5-7) the heavens withheld light, causing the darkness of
Gen_1:2 (Jer_4:23-26).
7. Clouds and the water in them were created in day two (Gen_1:6-8). On the contrary, they had been giving rain on the earth all through
Lucifer's reign on earth (Isa_14:12-14; Job_38:4-30).
8. The earth was created in day three of Gen_1:9-13. It was actually created "in the beginning" (Gen_1:1), and was in existence during the
flood of Gen_1:2 and the first two days of re-creation (Gen_1:2-8).
9. The earth was dry land for the first time in day three (Gen_1:9-13). It was dry land from its creation in the dateless past to the time it was
flooded because of sin (Gen_1:1-2; Psa_104:6-9; 2Pe_3:5-7). It is called "earth" (dry land) in Gen_1:1.
10. The earth brought forth vegetation for the first time in day three (Gen_1:9-13). There had been fruitful places in Lucifer's kingdom
(Jer_4:23-26).
11. The sun, moon, and stars were created in day four. They were created in the beginning before the earth existed (Gen_1:1; Job_38:4-7).
The work of day four concerned their regulation with the restored earth.
12. Birds, beasts, and man were first created in days five and six, about six thousand years ago. On the contrary, some were created for
Lucifer's kingdom and were destroyed in Lucifer's flood of Gen_1:2 (Isa_14:12-14; Jer_4:23-26; 2Pe_3:5-7).
13. Adam was the first man ever to live on the earth. People and nations were on earth when Lucifer ruled (Isa_14:12-14; Jer_4:23-26;
2Pe_3:5-7).
14. The heavens, the earth and all things therein are a product of evolution. On the contrary, God created them all (Gen_1:1; Joh_1:3;
Eph_3:9; Col_1:15-18; Rev_4:11).
15. Human beings as we know them today have evolved from lower forms of life. The Bible teaches that man was created perfect and highly
intelligent, with the ability to name all other created things. Since the day he fell, man has become depraved and ignorant compared to his
original state (Gen_2:7; Gen_2:15-25; Gen_3:1-24; Rom_1:18-32; Rom_5:12-21; Eph. 2).
b

[God] Hebrew: 'Elohiym (H430), Gods. See The Trinity.

[created]

Bara'-"Create," Defined
"Created" in Gen_1:1 is from the Hebrew bara' (H1254), to bring into being (see Heb_11:3). It is used 7 times in the first two chapters of
Genesis (Gen_1:1; Gen_1:21; Gen_1:27; Gen_2:3-4). In all other places "made" and "make" are used, proving the six days' work to be mainly
reconstructive. In Gen_1:1 the universe is brought into existence; in Gen_1:21 sea creatures are created; and in Gen_1:27 man is created.
Thus, bara' (H1254) is reserved for the introduction of the three great spheres of existence: the world of matter; the natural life of all living
creatures; and spiritual life represented by man.
God's original creations include the heavens, the earth, and all things therein as first brought into being-made perfect the first time. Gen_1:1
refers to the beginning of the creative ages (Job 38; Psa_8:3-8; Psa_19:1-6; Pro_8:22-31; Joh_1:3; Joh_1:10; Act_1:4-26; Col_1:15-18;
Heb_1:1-12; Heb_11:3; Rev_4:11). The six days of re-creation (Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25) end the creative ages, and are distinct from the
original creations of the heavens and earth.
d

[heaven] Hebrew: shamayim (H8064), heavens, usually plural.

[earth] See Earth-Dry Land.

(Gen 1:6) And God said, Let there be a firmament [the expanse of the sky] in the midst of the
waters, and let it separate the waters [below] from the waters [above].
(Dake)
Gen 1:6
a

[firmament in the midst of the waters]

The Firmament Defined

The Hebrew raqiya' (H7549), means expanse. It occurs 17 times, and is always translated in the King James Version as "firmament" (Gen_1:68; Gen_1:14-20; Psa_19:1; Psa_150:1; Eze_1:22-26; Eze_10:1; Dan_12:3). It was created in the beginning as one of the heavens of Gen_1:1. It
retained water above the earth through out Lucifer's reign, but upon his overthrow the earth was cursed by the firmament pouring out its
waters and causing the flood of Gen_1:2; Psa_104:5-9; and 2Pe_3:5-7. It is called "heaven" in Gen_1:8.
b

[let it divide the waters from the waters]

The Waters Divided

In the judgment on the original earth, water vapors condensed and fell. The waters couldn't be vaporized again until the restoration of
sunlight. Hence, the waters didn't naturally abate from the earth in the first universal flood, as they did continually in the flood of Noah
(Gen_7:24; Gen_8:3; Gen_8:5; Gen_8:8; Gen_8:11). Because the waters were then divided again (as before Gen_1:2), natural laws took care
of flood conditions in Noah's time. Waters and firmament were both created in the beginning, and now were merely being restored as before
the chaos of Gen_1:2.

(Gen 1:7) And God made the firmament [the expanse] and separated the waters which were under
the expanse from the waters which were above the expanse. And it was so.
(Dake)
Gen 1:7
"Made" Defined

Hebrew 'asah (H6213), to make out of already existing material (opposite of bara' (H1254), to create; see "Bara'-Create" Defined). In the 2,633
times 'asah (H6213) occurs in Scripture, it is translated "make" or "made", "do", "wrought", "execute", "prepare", "work", and other ways.
When Scripture says "in six days the Lord made heaven and earth" (Exo_20:11; Exo_31:17), it refers to their restoration in the six days after
the curse of Gen_1:2, not their original creation "in the beginning" (Exo_20:8-11; Exo_31:17).

(Gen 1:8) And God called the firmament Heavens. And there was evening and there was morning, a
second day.
(Dake)
Gen 1:8
a

[second day]

Divine Acts in Day Two

1.
2.
3.
4.

God said-divine purpose stated (Gen_1:6)

God made-divine work of restoring the firmament or clouds to retain water
God divided-waters put back in the clouds to give rain upon earth as when Lucifer ruled (Gen_1:7)
God called-divine naming of the firmament (Gen_1:8)

(Gen 1:9) And God said, Let the waters under the heavens be collected into one place [of standing],
and let the dry land appear. And it was so.
(Dake)
Gen 1:9
a

[Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together]

The Waters Gathered

In day two some of the waters were placed in the clouds for rain (Gen_1:6-8; Job_38:4-30; Amo_5:8; Amo_9:6). The rest are here
commanded to return to the bowels of the earth and to river beds and low places created for them-where they were before assisting the flood
of Gen_1:2 (cf. Gen_7:11; Gen_8:2; and Psa_104:8). Then earth (dry land) could immediately appear as when it was originally created and

inhabited (Gen_1:1; Gen_1:9; Isa_45:18).

b

[one place] Job_38:8; Psa_104:8; Pro_8:29.

(Gen 1:14) And God said, Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from
the night, and let them be signs and tokens [of God's provident care], and [to mark] seasons, days,
and years,(3)
(Dake)
Gen 1:14
Heading

[Solaric Covenant]

Fifteen Great Covenants of Scripture

1. Solaric (Gen_1:14-18; Gen_8:22; Psa_89:34-37; Jer_31:35-37; Jer_33:19-26). This covenant was made between God and man. In
addition to eternal seasons of fruitfulness it promised that man would continue forever-as long as the solar system endures. In this
connection definite promises were made to Noah, David, and others as seen in scriptures above.
2. Edenic (Gen_1:26-3:24). This was made with Adam and Eve before the fall and was conditional upon obedience (Gen_2:17). The terms of
the covenant were:
(1) Be fruitful, not sterile (Gen_1:28).
(2) Multiply, increase human kind (Gen_1:28).
(3) Replenish the earth with people, as when Lucifer ruled (Gen_1:28).
(4) Subdue the earth (Gen_1:28).
(5) Rule all God's works (Gen_1:28; Psalm 8).
(6) Till the ground and be a partaker of the garden (Gen_2:15).
(7) Protect your dominion from enemies (Gen_2:15).
(8) Freely eat of all things except the tree of knowledge (Gen_1:29-30).
(9) Refrain from eating of the tree of knowledge (Gen_2:16-17).
(10) Fear the penalty for sin (Gen_2:17).
3. Adamic (Gen_3:14-19). This agreement was made with Adam and Eve after the fall and before the expulsion from the garden. It ushered
in the Dispensation of Conscience. The covenant consisted of two parts:
(1) The fivefold curse on:
(A) The serpent (Gen_3:14-15; Isa_65:25)

(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Satan (Gen_3:15; Joh_12:31; Col_2:14-17; Heb_2:14-18)

The woman (Gen_3:16; 1Co_11:3; 1Co_14:34; 1Ti_2:11-15)
The man (Gen_3:17-19; Psa_90:9-10; Rom_5:12-21)
The ground (Gen_3:17-19; Rom_8:18-23)

(2) The promise in Gen_3:15. This included redemption and the removal of the curse (Rom_8:18-23; Rev_22:3).
4. Cainic (Gen_4:11-15). This was a pledge to Cain of vengeance on anyone who found him and killed him.
5. Noahic (Gen_8:20-22; Gen_9:1-29). This contract was made with Noah and the beasts of the field after the flood and ushered in the
Dispensation of Human Government. The terms of the covenant were:
(1) God would not curse the ground or living creatures any more "while the earth remaineth" (Gen_8:22; Gen_9:12; Gen_9:16)
(2) Man should replenish the earth forever (Gen_9:1; Gen_9:12; Gen_9:16).
(3) Man should rule the earth (Gen_9:2-3).
(4) Animals should be eaten, but not the blood (Gen_9:3-4)
(5) There should be capital punishment for murderers (Gen_9:5-6; Numbers 35)
(6) The rainbow should be a sign of the covenant (Gen_9:12-17).
(7) The covenant would be eternal (Gen_9:12; Gen_9:16).
6. Abrahamic (Gen_12:1-3). This was made with Abraham after the confusion of tongues when God saw that it was impossible to deal with
the race as a whole. It ushered in the Dispensation of Promise (Gen_13:14-18; Gen_15:1-21; Gen_17:4-8; Gen_22:15-18; Gen_26:1-5;
Gen_28:3; Gen_28:10-15). The covenant consisted of two parts:
(1) The sevenfold promise:
(A) "I will make of thee a great nation" (Gen_12:1-3; Gen_13:16; Gen_17:18-20; Gen_24:34-35; Galatians 3)
(B) "Make thy name great" (Gen_12:1-3; Exo_2:24-25; Exo_6:3-8)
(C) "Thou shalt be a blessing" (Gen_12:1-3; Gal_3:13-14)
(D)"I will bless them that bless thee" (Gen_12:1-3; Mat_25:31-46)
(E) "I will bless thee" (Gen_13:14-18; Gen_15:18-21; Galatians 3)
(F) "I will curse them that curse thee" (Zech. 14; Mat_25:31-46)
(G)"In thee shall all the nations of the world be blessed" (Deu_28:8-14; Isa_60:3-5; Isa_66:18-21; Joh_8:56-58; Gal_3:16)
(2) The sign of the covenant: circumcision (Gen_17:1-21; Isa_24:5)
7. Hagaric (Gen_16:7-14). This was a covenant made with Hagar concerning her seed through Ishmael, Abraham's son. It concerned many
generations and was in three parts:
(1) Commands:
(A) Return, submit to Sarah (Gen_16:9)
(B) Call her son Ishmael, meaning "God shall hear" (Gen_16:11)
(2) Promises:
(A) Seed to be multiplied beyond number (Gen_16:10; Gen_17:20-22)
(B) Ishmael to be blessed and become a great nation (Gen_17:20; Gen_21:17-18)

(C) Ishmael to beget twelve princes (Gen_17:20; Gen_25:12-18)

(3) Prophetic revelation:
(A) Ishmael to be a wild man (Gen_16:12)
(B) His hand to be against every man (Gen_16:12)
(C) Every man's hand to be against him (Gen_16:12)
(D)Ishmael to dwell in the presence of his brethren (Gen_16:12)
8. Sarahic (Gen_17:15-19; Gen_18:9-15). This covenant was made with Sarah and promised certain blessings to her and her offspring Isaac
for many generations. It was in two parts:
(1) Commands:
(A) Change her name from Sarai to Sarah, meaning "princess" (Gen_17:15)
(B) Call her son Isaac (Gen_17:19)
(2) Promises:
(A) To be blessed with a son (Gen_17:16-19; Gen_18:10-15)
(B) To be made a mother of nations (Gen_17:16)
(C) To become a mother of many kings (Gen_17:16)
(D)Abrahamic covenant to be continued with Isaac (Gen_17:19)
(E) Abrahamic covenant to be continued with Isaac's seed forever (Gen_17:19)
9. Healing (Exo_15:26; Exo_23:25). This was made with Israel and all who desired or chose to come under the covenant of God as given to
Moses. It was in two parts:
(1) Commands:
(A) Diligently hearken to God's voice (Exo_15:26; Lev_26:14-15)
(B) Do that which is right in His sight (Exo_15:26)
(C) Give ear to His commandments (Exo_15:26)
(D)Keep all His statutes (Exo_15:26; Lev_26:3; Lev_26:14-15)
(E) Serve the Lord (Exo_23:25)
(2) Promises:
(A) "I will put none of these diseases upon thee" (Exo_15:26)
(B) "I am the Lord that healeth thee" (Exo_15:26)
(C) "I will take away sickness from the midst of thee" (Exo_23:25)
This covenant was made a part of the new covenant, for Christ "took our infirmities and bare our sicknesses" (Isaiah 53; Mat_8:17;
1Pe_2:24).
10. Mosaic or old covenant; also called the Old Testament (Exo_20:1-24:8; 2Co_3:6-18). See Eighty-five Old and New Covenant Contrasts.
11. Levitic (Num_25:10-14). This was given through Moses to Phinehas, the son of Levi, who was zealous for the Lord and executed judgment
upon rebels (Num_25:1-9). It consisted of two great promises:

(1) Peace and blessing to Levi's house (Num_25:12)

(2) An everlasting priesthood (Num_25:13)
12. Palestinian (Leviticus 26; Deu_11:8-32; Deu_27:1-30:20). This covenant was made with Israel through Moses and was conditioned upon
the obedience of the nation. There were seven parts:
(1) Dispersion for disobedience (Deu_28:63-68; Deu_30:1)
(2) Repentance while in dispersion (Deu_30:2; Zec_12:10-14)
(3) The return of the Lord (Deu_30:3; Zech. 14; Act_15:14-17)
(4) Restoration in the land (Deu_30:5; Isa_11:1-12; Ezekiel 37; Mat_24:31)
(5) National conversion (Deu_30:6; Isaiah 66; Zec_12:10-13; Rom_11:26)
(6) Judgment of Israel's oppressors (Deu_30:7; Zech. 14; Mat_25:31-46)
(7) National prosperity (Deu_30:9-10; Romans 11)
13. Salt (Lev_2:13; Num_18:19). A covenant made with Israel concerning the sacrifices they were to offer forever. See usage of salt in
Mar_9:49-50; and Col_4:6. In Palestine and surrounding countries salt was used in making covenants. If people dined together on food
with salt in it, they became friends, though they may have been enemies before. The Arab expression, "There is salt between us," or "He
has eaten of my salt," means partaking of the hospitality which cements friendship. Covenants were generally confirmed at sacrificial
meals and salt was always present. The covenant of salt pictured the everlasting friendship between God and His people (Num_18:19).
14. Davidic (2Sa_7:1-17). This agreement was made with David and his house through Nathan the prophet, and was conditioned upon
obedience as all other covenants. It was to be an everlasting covenant, containing seven blessings:
(1) A Davidic house forever (2Sa_7:13-16; Psa_89:20-37; Luk_1:32-35)
(2) A Davidic throne forever (2Sa_7:12-16; Isa_9:6-7; Luk_1:32-35)
(3) A Davidic kingdom forever (2Sa_7:12-16; Isa_9:6-7; Luk_1:32-35)
(4) A sure land for Israel forever (Genesis 17; 2Sa_7:10)
(5) No more affliction from the nations forever (Deu_28:1-30:10; 2Sa_7:10)
(6) The Fatherly care of God forever (2Sa_7:14; 2Co_6:15-18)
(7) An eternal covenant (2Sa_7:10-16; Isa_9:6-7; Luk_1:32-33)
15. New covenant (Mat_26:28; 2Co_3:6-18). This is the one made by Christ (Heb_8:6). It is still in force and includes all the terms,
conditions, commands, promises and benefits revealed in the twenty-seven books of the New Testament See Eighty-five Old and New
Covenant Contrasts.
a

[lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and
for days, and years] The Sevenfold Purpose of Lights:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Divide day and night, light and darkness (Gen_1:14; Gen_1:18)

Be for signs (Gen_1:14)
Be for seasons (Gen_1:14)
Be for days (Gen_1:14)
Be for years (Gen_1:14)
Give light on earth (Gen_1:15; Gen_1:17)
Rule day and night eternally (Gen_1:16; Gen_1:18; Gen_8:22)

(Gen 1:15) And let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light upon the earth. And it was so.
(Gen 1:17) And God set them in the expanse of the heavens to give light upon the earth,
(Dake)
Gen 1:17
a

[firmament of the heaven] The open expanse of space surrounding the earth (Gen_1:20).

[to give light upon the earth]

The Source of Light

Gen_1:17 proves that the light of the first three days came from the sun which was created before the six days of Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25. The
sun had shone during all of Lucifer's pre-Adamite reign, before being commanded not to give light on the cursed earth of Gen_1:2 and
Jer_4:23-26. Here we merely have the regulation of the sun, moon, and stars with the restored earth. The Solaric covenant is now made
guaranteeing the present life on earth forever. See Fifteen Great Covenants.

(Gen 1:20) And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly and swarm with living creatures,
and let birds fly over the earth in the open expanse of the heavens.
(Dake)
Gen 1:20
a

[Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth] Literally,
"Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let fowl fly above the earth." There is no allusion to any productive power in the
waters. God was the personal Creator of everything (Gen_1:21; Gen_2:19).

[moving creature] Hebrew: sherets (H8318), swarming, creeping things (Gen_7:21; Lev_5:2; Lev_11:20-21; Lev_11:23; Lev_11:29;
Lev_11:41-44; Lev_22:5; Deu_14:19).

[life] Hebrew: nephesh (H5315), the soul-the feelings, passions, and appetites of any living thing. See Soul.

(Gen 2:1) THUS THE heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.
(Dake)
Gen 2:1
Heading

[earth's second sinless career] The earth's first sinless career was when Lucifer ruled the pre-Adamites (Gen_1:2; Eze_28:15),
before his rebellion (Gen_1:2; Isa_14:12-16; Eze_28:11-17; Jer_4:23-26; 2Pe_3:5-7).

[the heavens and the earth were finished] "The heavens and the earth, which are now" (2Pe_3:5-7), not the original creation in
Gen_1:1. This was the work of the six days of Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25, regulating the solar system and making the restored earth habitable
again.

[host] Hebrew: tsaba' (H6633), mass of persons or things. Compare Gen_2:4-25; Gen_32:2 with Deu_4:19; Deu_17:3; 2Ki_17:16;
Isa_24:21; Jer_8:2. Here it refers to the infinite creations of heavens and earth.

(Gen 2:4) This is the history of the heavens and of the earth when they were created. In the day that
the Lord God made the earth and the heavens-(Dake)
Gen 2:4
a

[generations] Literally, the family history of the heavens and the earth (Gen_1:1; Gen_2:4).

[generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created]

The Summary of Creative Ages

The first half of Gen_2:4 refers to the original creation (Gen_1:1); the last half of Gen_2:4 denotes the work of days two, three, and four. The
first work was a creation and the second work was a restoration of the clouds in day two, the earth in day three, and the solar system in day
four. The words "in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens" (Gen_2:4) begin a new narrative, complete in itself to a great
extent. Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-4 a is the summary of the six days' work; Gen_2:4 b-25 is a more detailed account of the work of days two, three,
five, and six. The first narrative states what God did and embraces the universe and all things therein. The second mainly describes how the

work of days two, three, five, and six was done.

In the first, God is called 'Elohiym (H430), indicating creative relationship and infinite power. In the second, He is called Jehovah (H3069)
and 'Elohiym (H430), indicating covenant relationship and infinite power, so as to inspire man with implicit faith.
c

[LORD God]

Sixteen Jehovah Titles

"Lord God" in Gen_2:4 is Jehovah (H3069) 'Elohiym (H430). This is the first of hundreds of occurrences of this title. It means the selfexistent or Eternal Creator, the 'Elohiym in covenant relationship with His people. Jehovah really means the Eternal, the Immutable One, He
who was, and is, and is to come (Gen_21:33; Exo_3:13-14; Exo_6:3; Psa_83:18; Isa_12:2; Isa_26:4; Rev_1:4). The name Jehovah is
combined with other words which form what we know as the Jehovah titles:
1. Jehovah-Elohiym-the Eternal Creator (Gen_2:4-25)
2. Adonai-Jehovah-the Lord our Sovereign; Master Jehovah (Gen_15:2; Gen_15:8)
3. Jehovah-Jireh-the Lord will see or provide (Gen_22:8-14)
4. Jehovah-Nissi-the Lord our banner (Exo_17:15)
5. Jehovah-Rapha-the Lord our healer (Exo_15:26)
6. Jehovah-Shalom-the Lord our peace (Jdg_6:24)
7. Jehovah-Tsidqenuw-the Lord our righteousness (Jer_23:6; Jer_33:16)
8. Jehovah-Mekaddishkem-the Lord our sanctifier (Exo_31:13; Lev_20:8; Lev_21:8; Lev_22:9; Lev_22:16; Lev_22:32; Eze_20:12)
9. Jehovah-Sabaoth-the Lord of hosts (1Sa_1:3; etc., 284 times)
10. Jehovah-Shammah-the Lord is present (Eze_48:35)
11. Jehovah-Elyown-the Lord Most High (Psa_7:17; Psa_47:2; Psa_97:9)
12. Jehovah-Rohi-the Lord my Shepherd (Psa_23:1)
13. Jehovah-Hoseenu-the Lord our Maker (Psa_95:6)
14. Jehovah-Eloheenu-the Lord our God (Psa_99:5; Psa_99:8-9)
15. Jehovah-Eloheka-the Lord thy God (Exo_20:2; Exo_20:5; Exo_20:7)
16. Jehovah-Elohay-the Lord my God (Zec_14:5)

(Gen 6:17) For behold, I, even I, will bring a flood of waters upon the earth to destroy and make
putrid all flesh under the heavens in which are the breath and spirit of life; everything that is on the
land shall die.
(Dake)
Gen 6:17

[And, behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from
under heaven; and every thing that is the earth shall die.] The 8th prophecy in Genesis (Gen_6:17-18, fulfilled). Next, Gen_7:4.
The third prophecy of the flood with the additional prediction of the Noahic covenant. See Fifteen Great Covenants

[to destroy all flesh] The purpose of the flood? The cause is given in Gen_6:1-13.

[all] A figure of speech (synecdoche) in which a whole is put for a part. See Gen_41:56, note.

(Gen 7:11) In the year 600 of Noah's life, in the seventeenth day of the second month, that same day
all the fountains of the great deep were broken up and burst forth, and the windows and floodgates
of the heavens were opened.
(Dake)
Gen 7:11
a

[great deep] Gen_1:2; Gen_49:25; Deu_33:13; Psa_104:6.

[windows] Hebrew: 'arubbah (H699), means flood-gates (Gen_8:2; 2Ki_7:2; Ecc_12:3; Isa_24:18; Isa_60:8; Mal_3:10).

(Gen 7:19) And the waters prevailed so exceedingly and were so mighty upon the earth that all the
high hills under the whole sky were covered.
(Dake)
Gen 7:19
a

[And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were
covered.]

Universal Flood
Some doubt that the flood was universal, but Gen_2:19 is just as literal as Gen_1:2; Psa_104:6; and 2Pe_3:5-7. Evidences of a universal flood
are found in all lands. Remember that the fundamental principle of interpretation is to take everything literally unless there is plain evidence

that the language is figurative. Also, remember that the earth was one vast block of land; it wasn't divided into continents and islands until
after the flood. See Gen_10:25, note.

(Gen 7:23) God destroyed (blotted out) every living thing that was upon the face of the earth; man
and animals and the creeping things and the birds of the heavens were destroyed (blotted out) from
the land. Only Noah remained alive, and those who were with him in the ark. (5)
(Gen 8:2) Also the fountains of the deep and the windows of the heavens were closed, the gushing
rain from the sky was checked,
(Gen 11:4) And they said, Come, let us build us a city and a tower whose top reaches into the sky,
and let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered over the whole earth.
(Dake)
Gen 11:4
a

[may reach]

The Tower of Babel

There are no words in the Hebrew for "may reach," which means there is nothing in the text to suggest that its height was to be as high as
heaven. Rather, the top would be dedicated to the heavens, with signs of the Zodiac portrayed as visible objects of worship. Up to this time the
whole race not only had one language, but one form of idolatrous worship. When God confounded their language they began to disagree on
religion and other matters, branching off into sects and parties.
A Babylonian description of the tower of Babel discovered in 1876 indicates there was a grand court 900' X 1,156', and a smaller one 450' X
1,056', inside of which was a platform with walls around it, having four gates on each side. In the center stood the tower with many small
shrines at the base, dedicated to various gods. The tower itself was 300' high with decreased width in stages from the lowest to the highest
point. Each stage was square. The first stage measured 300' square and 110' high; the second measured 260' square and 60' high; the third
200' square and 20' high; the fourth 170' square and 20' high; the fifth 140' square and 20' high; the sixth 110' square and 20' high; and the
seventh 80' long, 60' wide, and 50' high. On the top platform measuring 60' X 80' was a sanctuary for the god Bel-Merodach.
The builders evidently finished the tower, becaause the work was stopped on the city only (Gen_11:4; Gen_11:8). One ancient Babylonian
tablet reads, "The building of this illustrious tower offended the gods. In a night they threw down what they had built. They scattered them
abroad and made strange their speech. Their progress was impeded. They wept hot tears for Babylon."
The builders were supposed to have been giants who waged war with the gods. Nimrod himself is called "a mighty one" and the giants in

Gen_6:4 are called "mighty men." These came from the fallen angels and daughters of men after the flood (Gen_6:4, notes).
b

[let us make us a name] Five decisions:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Let us make brick (Gen_11:3).

Let us burn them thoroughly (Gen_11:3).
Let us build us a city (Gen_11:4).
Let us build us a tower (Gen_11:4).
Let us make us a name (Gen_11:4).

The purpose was "lest we be scattered abroad," as God had planned (Gen_11:4; Gen_11:9; Deu_32:8; Act_17:26).

(Gen 15:5) And He brought him outside [his tent into the starlight] and said, Look now toward the
heavens and count the stars--if you are able to number them. Then He said to him, So shall your
descendants be.(1)
(Dake)
Gen 15:5
a

[Look] Abraham had four "Look's": over the earth (Gen_13:14); toward heaven (Gen_15:5); at God (Gen_18:2); at a substitute
(Gen_22:13).

(Gen 19:24) Then the Lord rained on Sodom and on Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Lord
out of the heavens.
(Dake)
Gen 19:24
a

[Then the LORD] When Lot entered Zoar God destroyed the other cities of the plain. Zoar was spared in answer to Lot's prayer
(Gen_19:18-22). Abraham's intercession of Gen_18:23-33 was no doubt the first reason God had for sparing the city; his prayer for the
saving of at least ten persons was abundantly answered. Zoar continued for many centuries, not only because of prayer, but also because it
wasn't as ripe for judgment as the other cities. See Deu_34:3; Isa_15:5; Jer_48:34.

[rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire ] Deu_29:23; Psa_11:6; Isa_13:19; Jer_49:18; Jer_50:40;
Eze_16:48-49; Amo_4:11; Zep_2:9; Mat_11:23; Luk_17:29; 2Pe_2:6; Jud_1:6-7.

[from the LORD out of heaven] A clear example of more than one Jehovah. Lord here is Jehovah (H3068). One Jehovah on earth
rained fire and brimstone from another Jehovah in heaven (Gen_19:24). Many times the angel of (from) the Lord (Jehovah) is used;
Scripture is clear that this angel is both Lord (Jehovah) and God (Gen_16:7-11; Gen_22:1-16; Exo_14:19-31; Num_22:22-35; Jdg_2:1-4;
Jdg_6:11-24; Jdg_13:2-25; Zec_1:9-19; Zec_3:1-6; Zec_12:8; etc; cp. Act_7:30-38). One Jehovah literally sends another Jehovah as His
messenger. See note, Exo_6:3, and The Trinity.

(Gen 22:17) In blessing I will bless you and in multiplying I will multiply your descendants like the
stars of the heavens and like the sand on the seashore. And your Seed (Heir) will possess the gate of
His enemies,(3)
(Dake)
Gen 22:17
a

[That in blessing] Fivefold blessing for threefold obedience:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

I will bless you (Gen_22:17).

I will multiply you as the stars.
I will multiply you as the sand.
Your seed shall be victorious.
All nations will be blessed through your seed (Gen_22:18).

(Gen 26:4) And I will make your descendants to multiply as the stars of the heavens, and will give to
your posterity all these lands (kingdoms); and by your Offspring shall all the nations of the earth be
blessed, or by Him bless themselves,(1)
(Dake)
Gen 26:4

[I will]

The Seven "I Will's" of God to Isaac

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

I will be with you (Gen_26:3).

I will bless you (Gen_26:3).
I will give you all these countries (Gen_26:3).
I will perform the oath made to Abraham (Gen_26:3).
I will multiply your seed as the stars (Gen_26:4).
I will give all these countries to your seed (Gen_26:4).
I will bless you and multiply you for Abraham's sake (Gen_26:24).

Compare The Twelve "I will's" of God to Noah; The Thirty-five "I will's of God to Abraham (Gen_12:1-7; Gen_13:15-17; Gen_17:2-8;
Gen_17:16-21; Gen_18:10; Gen_18:14; Gen_18:26-32; Gen_21:13; Gen_21:18; Gen_22:17; Gen_24:7), and The Fifteen "I Will's" of God to
Jacob, Gen_28:13.
b

[multiply as the stars of heaven] Gen_12:2; Gen_13:16; Gen_15:5; Gen_15:18; Gen_17:16; Gen_18:18; Gen_22:17.

[in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed] Gen_12:3; Gen_18:18; Gen_22:18; Gen_26:4; Gal_3:8.

(Gen 27:28) And may God give you of the dew of the heavens and of the fatness of the earth and
abundance of grain and [new] wine;
(Dake)
Gen 27:28
a

[Therefore God give thee of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine: let people serve
thee, and nations bow down to thee: be lord over thy brethren, and let thy mother's sons bow down to thee: cursed be
every one that curseth thee, and blessed be he that blesseth thee.] The 36th prophecy in Genesis (Gen_27:28-29, fulfilled). Next,
Gen_27:37. It predicted that Jacob would be blessed above Esau in material and spiritual things. This is the first prophecy of Isaac (cp.
Gen_27:39-40). Jacob received a tenfold prophetic blessing:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

God will give you the dew of heaven (Gen_27:28)

God will give you the fatness of the earth (Gen_27:28)
God will give you plenty of corn (wheat, Gen_27:28; Gen_27:37)
God will give you plenty of wine (vineyards, Gen_27:28; Gen_27:37)
God will let people serve you (Gen_27:29)
God will let nations bow down to you (Gen_27:29)

7. You will be lord over your brethren (Gen_27:29; Gen_27:37)

8. God will let your brothers bow to you (Gen_27:29; Gen_27:37)
9. Cursed are those who curse you (Gen_27:29)
10. Blessed are those who bless you (Gen_27:29)

(Gen 27:39) Then Isaac his father answered, Your [blessing and] dwelling shall all come from the
fruitfulness of the earth and from the dew of the heavens above;
(Dake)
Gen 27:39
a

[Behold, thy dwelling shall be the fatness of the earth, and of the dew of heaven from above; and by thy sword shalt thou
live, and shalt serve thy brother; and it shall come to pass when thou shalt have the dominion, that thou shalt break his
yoke from off thy neck.] The 38th prophecy in Genesis (Gen_27:39-40, fulfilled). Next, Gen_28:3.

Sixfold Prophetic Blessing of Esau

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The fatness of the earth (Gen_27:39)

The dew of heaven (Gen_27:39; cp. Gen_27:28)
To be a warring nation (Gen_27:40)
To be a servant of Jacob (Gen_27:40)
Partial and temporary dominion (Gen_27:40)
Freedom from Jacob's yoke (Gen_27:40)

[thy dwelling shall be the fatness of the earth] Esau possessed the land of Edom, a very fruitful place. See Heb_11:20.

[dew of heaven] The dew of heaven is a symbol of God's blessings of earth (Gen_27:28; Gen_27:39; Deu_32:2; Deu_33:13; Deu_33:28;
Psa_133:3; Pro_3:20; Pro_19:12; Hos_14:5).

(Gen 49:25) By the God of your father, Who will help you, and by the Almighty, Who will bless you
with blessings of the heavens above, blessings lying in the deep beneath, blessings of the breasts and
of the womb.

(Dake)
Gen 49:25
a

[who shall help thee; and by the Almighty, who shall bless thee] Predictions that God would help and bless Joseph and his seed
with manifold blessings (Gen_49:25-26). These blessings made Ephraim, the successor of Joseph, one of the strongest tribes which
inherited the very center of Palestine. It was as strong as Judah and contended with Judah for the sovereignty. The struggles between the
two helped bring about the division of Israel after Solomon.

[blessings of heaven ...] Seven blessings of Joseph:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Fruitfulness in offspring (Gen_49:22)

Help from God in adversity (Gen_49:23-25)
Blessings of heaven (rains, Gen_49:25)
Blessings of the deep (Hebrew: tehowm (H8415), the deep, seas; see note, Psa_42:7)
Blessings of the breasts (Gen_49:25)
Blessings of the womb (Gen_49:25)
Blessings of Jacob (Gen_49:26)

(Exo 9:8) The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, Take handfuls of ashes or soot from the brickkiln and let Moses sprinkle them toward the heavens in
the sight of Pharaoh.
(Dake)
Exo 9:8
a

[Take to you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven in the sight of Pharaoh. And it
shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast,
throughout all the land of Egypt] The 15th prophecy in Exodus (Exo_9:8-9, fulfilled). Next, Exo_9:13. It was a miracle that handfuls of
ashes became dust throughout Egypt to cause boils and blains upon man and beast.

[furnace] Hebrew: kibshan (H3536), a smelting furnace for metals (Exo_9:8; Exo_9:10; Exo_19:18). In Gen_19:28 it refers to the smoke
of the destruction of Sodom, so the word is not limited to a smelting furnace. Here it could mean the place where human sacrifices were
made to propitiate the god Typhon, the Evil Principle, in the hope of averting plagues. If so, Moses used those very ashes to produce another
plague instead of averting one. See Judgment on the Gods of Egypt.

(Exo 9:10) So they took ashes or soot of the kiln and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses threw them
toward the sky, and it became boils erupting in sores on man and beast.

(Exo 9:22) The Lord said to Moses, Stretch forth your hand toward the heavens, that there may be
hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man and beast, and upon all the vegetation of the field, throughout
the land of Egypt.
(Dake)
Exo 9:22
a

[Stretch forth thine hand] Moses was told to stretch out his hand five different times (Exo_9:22; Exo_10:12; Exo_10:21; Exo_14:16;
Exo_14:26); Aaron was told three times (Exo_7:19; Exo_8:5; Exo_8:16).

(Exo 9:23) Then Moses stretched forth his rod toward the heavens, and the Lord sent thunder and
hail, and fire (lightning) ran down to and along the ground, and the Lord rained hail upon the land
of Egypt.
(Dake)
Exo 9:23
a

[thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground] This was a series of thunder peals, large hail stones falling, and a
continuous fire that ran along the ground devouring everything in its path-not mere flashes of lightning across the sky (Exo_9:23-25;
Psa_78:48).

(Exo 10:21) And the Lord said to Moses, Stretch out your hand toward the heavens, that there may
be darkness over the land of Egypt, a darkness which may be felt.
(Dake)
Exo 10:21
a

[Stretch out thine hand toward heaven] The beginning of a new miracle brought about by the use of the rod as on other occasions. It
was accomplished by Moses simply stretching out his hand toward heaven, which indicated obedience to the God of heaven who was the

great miracle worker.

b

[darkness which may be felt]

Dense Darkness
This darkness, which could be felt, was so dense that nothing could be seen, and no one could move out from his place (Exo_10:23). Thick
darkness is mentioned in Exo_10:22; Exo_20:21; Deu_5:22; 1Ki_8:12; 2Ch_6:1; Job_38:9; Joe_2:2; Zep_1:15. This is evidently the same as
the thick cloud of Exo_19:9; Exo_19:16; 2Sa_22:12; Job_22:14; Job_26:8; Job_37:11; Psa_18:11-12. The darkness and clouds are of the same
substance. This could be a picture of the outer darkness of hell (Mat_8:12; Mat_22:13; Mat_25:30; 2Pe_2:4; 2Pe_2:17; Jud_1:6; Jud_1:13).
In what sense the darkness and fire of hell will be combined is not explained, but both are literal and eternal (Isa_66:24; Mat_13:42-50;
Mat_25:41; Mat_25:46; Mar_9:32-49; Rev_14:9-11; Rev_20:10-15; Rev_21:8; Rev_22:15).
Seven Cases of Darkness:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

The darkness at creation of the earth (Job_38:9; cp. with five future times of darkness on earth, Rev_6:12, note c).
The curse of darkness on the earth (Gen_1:2).
The horror of darkness on Abraham (Gen_15:12).
The curse of darkness over Egypt (Exo_10:21-22).
The darkness between Israelites and Egyptians (Exo_14:20; Jos_24:7).
The darkness on Sinai when the law was given (Exo_20:21; Deu_4:11; Deu_5:22-23; Heb_12:18).
The darkness at the crucifixion (Mat_27:45; Mar_15:33; Luk_23:44).

(Exo 10:22) So Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and for three days a thick darkness
was all over the land of Egypt.
(Exo 16:4) Then the Lord said to Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from the heavens for you; and the
people shall go out and gather a day's portion every day, that I may prove them, whether they will
walk in My law or not.
(Dake)
Exo 16:4
a

[Then said the LORD unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a
certain rate every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or no. And it shall come to pass, that on
the sixth day they shall prepare that which they bring in; and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily. And Moses
and Aaron said unto all the children of Israel, At even, then ye shall know that the LORD hath brought you out from the
land of Egypt: And in the morning, then ye shall see the glory of the LORD; for that he heareth your murmings against

the LORD: and what are we, that ye murmur against us? And Moses said, This shall be, when the LORD shall give you in
the evening flesh to eat, and in the morning bread to the full; for that the LORD heareth your murmurings which ye
murmur again him: and what are we? your murmurings are not ag;ainst us, but against the LORD.] The 31st prophecy in
Exodus (Exo_16:4-8, fulfilled). Next, Exo_16:12. Six predictions of God through Moses here:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

I will rain bread from heaven (Exo_16:4).

I will rain it daily for six days.
I will test them to see if they will walk in My law.
They shall gather twice as much the sixth day (Exo_16:5).
At evening I will rain flesh (Exo_16:6-8).
In the morning I'll rain bread (Exo_16:8).

(Exo 17:14) And the Lord said to Moses, Write this for a memorial in the book and rehearse it in the
ears of Joshua, that I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under the heavens. (2)
(Dake)
Exo 17:14
a

[And the LORD said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will
utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven. And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it
Jehovah-nissi: For he said, Because the LORD hath sworn that the LORD will have war with Amalek from generation to
generation.] The 34th prophecy in Exodus (Exo_17:14-16, fulfilled). Next, Exo_19:9.

[Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua]

Two Objections to Mosaic Authorship

1. That the arts of writing and literary composition were not sufficiently advanced to produce the Pentateuch in Moses' day. This objection is
unreasonable in view of the facts. There is abundant testimony from the monuments of written records at the time of Moses. The Tel elAmarna of Egypt and the Babylonian tablets of the reign of Hammurabi (Amraphel of Genesis 14) prove there was writing in the days of
Abraham, over 500 years BEFORE Moses wrote! The well-known code of Hammurabi contains 282 sections and about 8,000 words; its
laws regulated all phases of human life in Abraham's time. Writing was well developed in Moses' day.
2. That the Pentateuch implies a state of religious culture unknown in Moses' day. On the contrary, accounts of times long before Moses
show the same religious culture as at the time of Moses. This is proven by the record of Genesis beginning with Abel (Genesis 4), Noah
(Genesis 8), Abraham (Genesis 12), and others (Hebrews 11). See the Notes of Genesis for Sixteen Proofs that Moses Wrote the
Pentateuch.
c

[I will utterly put put the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven] This has been fulfilled. Today there are no people called
"the Amalekites."

(Exo 20:4) You shall not make yourself any graven image [to worship it] or any likeness of anything
that is in the heavens above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth;
(Dake)
Exo 20:4
a

[graven] Hebrew: pesel, engraved or sculpted image. This command forbids making any kind of idol and every kind of idolatry.

Twelve Things Not to Worship

1. Graven images of wood, stone or metal (Exo_20:4; Deu_4:15-16)
2. Any likeness of male or female (Exo_20:4; Deu_4:16)
3. Any likeness of any beast (Deu_4:17)
4. Any likeness of fowls (Deu_4:17)
5. Any likeness of creeping things on the ground (Deu_4:18; cp. Rom_1:23)
6. Any likeness of any creature in the ground itself (Exo_20:4)
7. Any likeness of fish in the waters (Exo_20:4; Deu_4:18)
8. Likeness of any creature in heaven above (Exo_20:4; cp. Rom_1:23)
9. The sun (Deu_4:19; cp. Eze_8:16)
10. The moon (Deu_4:19)
11. The stars ( Deu_4:19)
12. The host of heaven, heavenly bodies (Exo_20:4; Deu_4:19; 2Ki_17:16; 2Ki_21:3; 2Ch_33:3)

(Exo 20:11) For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them,
and rested the seventh day. That is why the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it [set it
apart for His purposes].
(Dake)
Exo 20:11
a

[For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day]

Four Things Taught by Exo_20:111. That God Himself worked in the re-creation of the earth the same length and number of

days that He now commanded Israel to work (Exo_20:8-11 with Gen_1:3-31)

2. That God rested the same length and number of days that Israel was told to rest (Exo_20:8-11 with Gen_2:2-3)
3. The Lord made (did not originally create) the heavens and the earth in six literal 24-hour days (Exo_20:8-11 with Gen_1:3-31)
4. That as God sanctified (hallowed) a day of rest for Himself, so Israel was to set apart a day of rest for themselves (Exo_20:11 with
Gen_2:2-3; Deu_5:12)
The sabbath was a type of rest in Christ (Mat_11:28-30; Col_2:14-17). When Christ came as the reality of what was typified, obligation to
observe the type ended (Gal_3:19-25; Gal_4:21-31; Heb_7:11-10:18).

(Exo 24:10) And they saw the God of Israel [that is, a convincing manifestation of His presence],
and under His feet it was like pavement of bright sapphire stone, like the very heavens in clearness.
(2)

(Dake)
Exo 24:10
a

[they saw the God of Israel] These witnesses actually saw God with their eyes and ate and drank with Him on Sinai (Exo_24:10-11). See
Forty-four Appearances of God.

[under his feet] Another proof that God has a personal body. A pavement "under his feet" would require Him to have feet (cp. Rev_4:6;
Rev_15:2-4). If "he laid not his hand" upon the nobles, then He surely has hands. If "they saw God," He must have a body to see. If they "did
eat and drink," then God provided a tangible banquet on Sinai. Twice in Exo_24:10-11 it says "they saw" God. We must accept the facts here
as true. It is useless to attempt to explain them away.

(Exo 31:17) It is a sign between Me and the Israelites forever; for in six days the Lord made the
heavens and earth, and on the seventh day He ceased and was refreshed.
(Dake)
Exo 31:17
a

[for ever]

Eternal Sabbath-Not for the Church

Some argue that, because the Mosaic sabbath was to be eternal, it was to be observed by Christians, but it must be kept in mind that eternal

terms are used of sacrifices and many other things in the law of Moses. If we can prove that the sabbaths of Israel, by being eternal, are for us
today, we can likewise prove the offerings, sacrifices and various rituals are also, for all are referred to with eternal terms in the law of Moses.
See Thirty-three Perpetual Statutes.
b

[made heaven and earth] See Gen_1:1-2, notes.

[rested]

Purpose of God's Rest

God rested on the seventh day because His work for the time being was finished (Gen_1:31; Gen_2:1-4). If it had not been finished He would
have continued working on the seventh day as He has ever since the fall of man. If some good act had been needful He would have performed
it, for this is what He taught through His Son (Mat_12:1-8; Mar_2:23-28; Mar_3:1-5; Luk_13:10-17; Joh_5:1-16; Joh_9:1-41).
d

[refreshed] What a revealing statement! Compare Exo_31:17 with Exo_23:12; 2Sa_16:14.

(Exo 32:13) [Earnestly] remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, Your servants, to whom You swore
by Your own self and said to them, I will multiply your seed as the stars of the heavens, and all this
land that I have spoken of will I give to your seed, and they shall inherit it forever.
(Dake)
Exo 32:13
a

[swarest by thine own self] See note, Psa_89:35.

[I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and
they shall inherit it for ever.] The 37th prophecy in Exodus (Exo_32:13, fulfilled and will continue to be fulfilled in all eternity). Next,
Exo_32:34.

Three Predictions of God

1. I will multiply your seed as the stars (Gen_13:16; Gen_14:5; Gen_17:2-6; Gen_17:15-19; Gen_22:17; Gen_26:3-4; Gen_26:24; Gen_28:34; Gen_28:13-15; Gen_32:12; Gen_35:11-12).
2. All this land I will give your seed (Gen_12:7; Gen_13:14-17; Gen_15:18-21; Gen_26:3-4; Gen_28:3-4; Gen_28:13-15; Gen_35:11-12).
3. They shall inherit it forever (Gen_13:15; Gen_17:7-8).
c

[inherit it for ever] Gen_15:18-21; Gen_17:8; Ezekiel 48, notes.

(Lev 26:19) And I will break and humble your pride in your power, and I will make your heavens as iron [yielding no answer, no blessing, no rain]
and your earth [as sterile] as brass.(3)
(Dake)
Lev 26:19
a

[pride of your power] Israel was a proud nation. Here God warned that He would humble them to the dust.

[I will make your heaven as iron, and your earth as brass] This refers to a curse on the ground so that it would not yield to them as
when it was blessed of God (Lev_26:19-20).

NO REF IN NUM
(Deu 1:10) The Lord your God has multiplied you, and behold, you are this day as the stars of the heavens for multitude.
(Dake)
Deu 1:10
a

[this day] The phrase "this day" is used 70 times by Moses from Num_1:10 to Num_32:46, indicating that the whole book was spoken and
written in one day, the 1st day of the 11th month, Feb. 1 (Deu_1:3). After saying "this day" throughout the book (Deu_1:10; Deu_2:18;
Deu_2:22; Deu_2:25; Deu_2:30; Deu_3:14; Deu_4:4; Deu_4:8; Deu_4:20; Deu_4:26; Deu_4:38-40; Deu_5:1; Deu_5:3; Deu_5:24;
Deu_6:6; Deu_6:24; Deu_7:11; Deu_8:1; Deu_8:11; Deu_8:18-19; Deu_9:3; Deu_10:8; Deu_10:13; Deu_10:15; Deu_11:2; Deu_11:4;
Deu_11:8; Deu_11:13; Deu_11:26-28; Deu_11:32; Deu_12:8; Deu_13:18; Deu_15:5; Deu_19:9; Deu_20:3; Deu_26:3; Deu_26:16-18;
Deu_27:1; Deu_27:4; Deu_27:10; Deu_28:1; Deu_28:13-15; Deu_29:4; Deu_29:10; Deu_29:12; Deu_29:15; Deu_29:18; Deu_29:28;
Deu_30:2; Deu_30:8; Deu_30:11; Deu_30:15-16; Deu_30:18-19; Deu_31:2; Deu_31:27; Deu_32:46), he ends by saying, "I am an hundred
and twenty years old this day" (Deu_31:2). Also, "Moses wrote this song the same day" (Deu_31:22). And after he finished "writing the
words of this law in a book" (Deu_31:24), he declared, "I am yet alive with you this day" (Deu_31:27). Finally, the Lord spoke to him "that
selfsame day, saying, Get thee up into this mountain ... and die in the mount" (Deu_32:48-50).

[as the stars of heaven for multitude] Moses considered the prophecies fulfilled which predicted Israel as the stars in number
(Deu_1:10; Deu_10:22; Deu_28:62; cp. Jos_11:4; Jdg_7:12; 1Sa_13:5; 2Sa_17:11; 1Ki_4:20; 1Ki_4:29).

(Deu 1:28) To what are we going up? Our brethren have made our hearts melt, saying, The people
are bigger and taller than we are; the cities are great and fortified to the heavens. And moreover we
have seen the [giantlike] sons of the Anakim there.

(Dake)
Deu 1:28
a

[Whither shall we go up?] Question 2. Next, Deu_3:11.

[brethren have discouraged our heart] It is remarkable how easily brethren can discourage one another with a few words. There was
no danger at all, for God was with them, as He was forty years later (Num_21:1-35; Num_31:49).

[The people is greater] This is another example of men looking on the outward appearance, and not to God (1Sa_16:7; 2Co_10:7).

[taller than we] These were actual giants, nine to thirteen feet tall or more. See Giants and the Sons of God.

[Anakims] They were a powerful giant tribe often mentioned in Scripture (Deu_1:28; Deu_2:10-11; Deu_2:21; Deu_9:2; Jos_11:21-22;
Jos_14:12; Jos_14:15).

(Deu 2:25) This day will I begin to put the dread and fear of you upon the peoples who are under the
whole heavens, who shall hear the report of you and shall tremble and be in anguish because of you.
(Dake)
Deu 2:25
a

[dread of thee] See Exo_15:14-15; Jos_2:9-11.

(Deu 4:19) And beware lest you lift up your eyes to the heavens, and when you see the sun, moon,
and stars, even all the host of the heavens, you be drawn away and worship them and serve them,
things which the Lord your God has allotted to all nations under the whole heaven.
(Dake)
Deu 4:19
a

[worship them] 2Ki_17:16; 2Ki_23:4; Amo_5:26; Act_7:42.

[divided unto all nations] God has divided the light, heat, and other blessings of the sun, moon, and stars to all the earth and to all
peoples (Deu_4:19; Gen_1:14-18).

(Deu 4:32) For ask now of the days that are past, which were before you, since the day that God
created man upon the earth, and ask from one end of the heavens to the other, whether such a great
thing as this has ever occurred or been heard of anywhere.
(Dake)
Deu 4:32
a

[For ask now of the days that are past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, and
ask from the one side of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath
been heard like it? Did ever people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as thou hast heard, and
live? Or hath God assayed to go and take him a nation from the midst of another nation, by temptations, by signs, and by
wonders, and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by a stretched out arm, and by great terrors, according to all that the
LORD your God did for you in Egyhpt before your eyes?] Questions 7-9. Next, Deu_5:25.

[great thing] Twofold "great thing" done for Israel:

1. God spoke audibly (Deu_4:32; Deu_4:36)

2. God brought them out of Egypt (Deu_4:34; see Five Means of Bringing Israel out of Egypt):
(1) By temptations-tests that He used to prove them and try their faith (note, Deu_29:3)
(2) By signs-pillar of fire and cloud
(3) By wonders
(4) By war-hostile engagements
(5) By His mighty hand
(6) By an outstretched arm
(7) By great terrors (plagues) upon the Egyptians before your eyes

(Deu 4:39) Know, recognize, and understand therefore this day and turn your [mind and] heart to
it that the Lord is God in the heavens above and upon the earth beneath; there is no other.
(Dake)
Deu 4:39

[Know therefore this day ... that the LORD he is God] Eighth command in Deut. 4. See note a, Deu_4:1.

(Deu 5:8) You shall not make for yourself [to worship] a graven image or any likeness of anything
that is in the heavens above or that is in the earth beneath or that is in the water under the earth.
(Dake)
Deu 5:8
a

[Thou shalt not make thee any graven image, ...]

Eighteen Commands in Deuteronomy

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Hear the statutes and judgments which I command you today (Deu_5:1)
Have no other gods before Me (Deu_5:7)
Do not make any graven image, or any likeness of anything in heaven, in earth, or in the waters (Deu_5:8)
Do not bow down to them, nor serve them (Deu_5:9)
Do not take the name of the Lord your God in vain (Deu_5:11)
Keep the sabbath day to set it apart as God commanded (Deu_5:12)
Work six days, but on the seventh day neither man nor animal shall work (Deu_5:13-14)
Remember you were a slave in Egypt and the Lord brought you out with great power, and commanded you to keep the sabbath day
(Deu_5:15)
9. Honor your father and mother, as the Lord commanded (Deu_5:16)
10. You shall not kill (Deu_5:17)
11. You shall not commit adultery (Deu_5:18)
12. You shall not steal (Deu_5:19)
13. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor (Deu_5:20)
14. You shall not covet anything that is your neighbor's (Deu_5:21)
15. Tell them to return to their tents (Deu_5:30)
16. You (Moses) stand here by Me, and I will speak to you all the commandments you are to teach Israel (Deu_5:31)
17. Do all the Lord commands you, and do not turn aside to the right hand or to the left (Deu_5:32)
18. Walk in all the ways which the Lord commanded you (Deu_5:33)
b

[graven image] Hebrew: pecel (H6459), engraved or sculpted image. See Twelve Things Not to Worship.

[likeness] Hebrew: temuwnah (H8544),, something shaped; a phantom; embodiment; image; likeness; similitude (Deu_5:8; Deu_4:2325; Exo_20:4; Psa_17:15).

[in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the waters beneath the earth] Three realms of creation:

1. In heaven above-angels, cherubim, seraphim, sun, moon, stars, etc.

2. In the earth-man, animals, etc.
3. In waters-fish, etc.

(Deu 7:24) And He will give their kings into your hand, and you shall make their name perish from
under the heavens; there shall no man be able to stand before you, until you have destroyed them.
(Deu 9:1) HEAR, O Israel. You are to cross the Jordan today to go in to dispossess nations greater
and mightier than you are, cities great and fortified up to the heavens,
(Dake)
Deu 9:1
a

[Hear, O Israel]

Six Commands-Obedience
1.
2.
3.
4.

Hear-you are to pass over Jordan and possess nations greater than you (Deu_9:1)
Understand that I will go before you like a consuming fire to destroy them before you (Deu_9:3)
Drive them out and destroy them quickly
After I have cast them out, do not think that it was for your righteousness that the Lord gave you the land; rather, it was because of the
wickedness of those nations (Deu_9:4-5)
5. Understand that the Lord does not give you this land because of your own righteousness, for you are a stiff-necked people (Deu_9:6)
6. Remember, do not forget how you provoked Me to wrath in the wilderness from the exodus until now and have been rebellious against Me
(Deu_9:7-24)
b

[nations greater and mightier than thyself ...] God's threefold description of enemies:

1. Nations greater and mightier than you

2. Cities great and walled up to heaven
3. A people great and tall
c

[fenced up to heaven] Walled up to heaven (cp. Gen_11:4).

(Deu 9:14) Let me alone, that I may destroy them and blot out their name from under the heavens;
and I will make of you a nation mightier and greater than they.
(Dake)
Deu 9:14
a

[Let me alone, that I may destroy them] Moses was in the habit of interfering with God when He threatened to destroy Israel, so God
wanted him to refrain himself on this occasion, and not plead for mercy for them (Exo_32:10-14).

(Deu 10:14) Behold, the heavens and the heaven of heavens belong to the Lord your God, the earth
also, with all that is in it and on it.
(Dake)
Deu 10:14
a

[Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens is the LORD'S thy God]

Twenty-one Facts about God

1. The heavens belong to Him (Deu_10:14).
2. The earth belongs to Him.
3. All things in the earth are His.
4. He delighted in your fathers (Deu_10:15).
5. He loved your fathers.
6. He chose their seed after them.
7. He gave commandments (Deu_10:16).
8. He is God of gods (Deu_10:17).
9. He is Lord of lords.
10. He is a great God.
11. He is mighty.
12. He is terrible.
13. He is no respecter of persons.
14. He cannot be bribed.
15. He executes judgment for the fatherless and widows (Deu_10:18).
16. He loves the stranger.
17. He provides for him.

18. He is your praise (Deu_10:21).

19. He is your God.
20. He has done great and terrible things for you that you have seen.
21. He has made a great multitude from the seventy souls that went into Egypt.

(Deu 10:22) Your fathers went down to Egypt seventy persons in all, and now the Lord your God has
made you as the stars of the heavens for multitude.
(Dake)
Deu 10:22
a

[threescore and ten persons] See Gen_46:27, note.

[as the stars of heaven] See Gen_15:5; Gen_22:17; Gen_26:4; Exo_32:13; cp. 1Ch_27:23; Neh_9:23.

(Deu 11:11) But the land which you enter to possess is a land of hills and valleys which drinks water
of the rain of the heavens,
(Deu 11:17) And the Lord's anger be kindled against you, and He shut up the heavens so that there
will be no rain and the land will not yield its fruit, and you perish quickly off the good land which the
Lord gives you.
(Deu 11:21) That your days and the days of your children may be multiplied in the land which the
Lord swore to your fathers to give them, as long as the heavens are above the earth.
(Dake)
Deu 11:21
a

[days may be multiplied] God planned for them to live long lives through obedience to Him (Psalm 91; 1Pe_3:10-11). See Fourteen
Proofs that There Is No Set Time to Die.

[days of heaven] This statement is God's confirmation that heaven is a real and material planet like the earth-not an invisible, intangible

place or some spiritual state into which men go.

(Deu 17:3) Who has gone and served other gods and worshiped them, or the sun or moon or any of
the host of the heavens, which I have forbidden,
(Dake)
Deu 17:3
a

[either the sun, or moon, or any of the host of heaven] If it was such an abomination to God for His people to worship the sun,
moon, stars, and other perfect works of His hands, it was a greater abomination to worship imperfect things made by human hands
(Deu_17:2-5).

(Deu 25:19) Therefore when the Lord your God has given you rest from all your enemies round
about in the land which the Lord your God gives you to possess as an inheritance, you shall blot out
the remembrance of Amalek from under the heavens; you must not forget.
(Dake)
Deu 25:19
a

[Therefore it shall be, when the LORD thy God hath given thee rest from all thine enemies round about, in the land
which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to possess it, that thou shalt blot out the remembrance of Amalek
from under heaven; thou shalt not forget it.] The 17th prophecy in Deuteronomy (Deu_25:19, fulfilled). Next, Deut. 28;1. This could
be called a prophetic command. Amalek gave Israel trouble during the judges (Jdg_3:13; Jdg_5:14; Jdg_6:3; Jdg_6:33; Jdg_7:12;
Jdg_10:12; Jdg_12:15). God then commanded Saul to fulfill this prophecy and kill every Amalekite (1Sa_14:48; 1Sa_15:1-5). He completely
broke the power of Amalek, but did not fully obey God in destroying them, and so was rejected as king and destroyed (1Sa_15:10-35;
1Sa_28:18). Later, the remnant was destroyed by Simeonites in the days of Hezekiah (1Ch_4:39-43). It seems that Haman and his sons
were the last of the Amalekites. They were destroyed in the time of Esther, when the prophecy was literally and completely fulfilled.

(Deu 28:12) The Lord shall open to you His good treasury, the heavens, to give the rain of your land
in its season and to bless all the work of your hands; and you shall lend to many nations, but you
shall not borrow.

(Deu 28:23) The heavens over your head shall be brass and the earth under you shall be iron.
(Dake)
Deu 28:23
a

[And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee shall be iron.] The sky (heaven) being
brass could refer to unanswered prayer as well as no rain and fruitful seasons. The earth being as iron refers to crop failure.

(Deu 28:24) The Lord shall make the rain of your land powdered soil and dust; from the heavens it
shall come down upon you until you are destroyed.
(Dake)
Deu 28:24
a

[powder and dust] That is, there will be no rain from heaven, and the land will turn to dust and powder. Dust and sandstorms have
covered whole caravans. The eye disease of the East, ophthalmia, occurs when very fine dust or sand enters the eye glands and causes
inflammation.

(Deu 28:62) And you shall be [1] left few in number, whereas you had been as the stars of the
heavens for multitude, because you would not obey the voice of the Lord your God.
(Dake)
Deu 28:62
a

[as the stars of heaven for multitude] The number of Israel is often compared to the stars, dust, and sand of the earth (Gen_13:16;
Gen_15:5; Gen_22:17; Gen_26:4; Gen_28:14; Gen_32:12).

(Deu 29:20) The Lord will not pardon him, but then the anger of the Lord and His jealousy will
smoke against that man, and all the curses that are written in this book shall settle on him; the Lord
will blot out his very name from under the heavens.
(Dake)
Deu 29:20
a

[The LORD will not spare him] God's Vow to Apostates:

God promises not to have mercy upon the backslider whose heart turns away from Him and becomes apostate (Deu_29:18-20; Jer_13:14;
Jer_21:7; Eze_7:4; Eze_7:9; Eze_8:18; Eze_9:10; Rom_11:21). God did not spare Israel (Rom_11:21; Jud_1:5), or the antediluvians and fallen
angels (2Pe_2:4-5), so we cannot expect Him to spare other apostates. See Backsliding.
Six Marks of Apostates:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Turning away from God in the heart (Deu_29:18)

Idolatry
A zeal to lead others away from God and thus become a root of gall and bitterness to them
Pride and presumption which cause one to laugh at sin and make light of evil (Deu_29:19)
Walking after the imaginations of the heart
Living a life of self-gratification and sensual lusts

Six Judgments of God upon Apostates:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

They will receive no mercy (Deu_29:20; Heb_10:26-29).

His fierce anger will be against them.
He will lay upon them all the curses written in this book.
He will blot out their names from under heaven.
He will separate them from the righteous to be punished (Deu_29:21; 2Pe_2:9-10)
He will make them examples to coming generations of His wrath (Deu_29:22-28)

[smoke against that man] God's anger and jealousy will smoke against the unrepentant backsliders in heart until they are destroyed by
curses.

[blot out his name from under heaven]

Eight Things that God Blots Out

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Names under heaven (Deu_29:20; Deu_9:14; Psa_109:13-14)

Name in heaven-out of the book of life (Exo_32:32-33; Psa_69:28; Rev_3:5; Rev_22:18-19)
Sins (Act_3:19)
Transgressions (Pro_51:1; Isa_43:25; Isa_44:22)
Iniquities (Psa_51:9)

6. Curses (Num_5:23)
7. Rememberance (Deu_25:9)
8. Law of Moses (Col_2:14)

(Deu 30:4) Even if any of your dispersed are in the uttermost parts of the heavens, from there the
Lord your God will gather you and from there will He bring you.
(Dake)
Deu 30:4
a

[outmost parts of heaven] This is the same as "the four corners of the earth" (Isa_11:12; Rev_7:1); "the four winds, from one end of
heaven to the other" (Mat_24:31); "the four winds of the earth" (Rev_7:1); and "the four quarters of the earth" (Rev_20:8). It means from
the north, east, south, and west.

(Deu 32:1) GIVE EAR, O heavens, and I [Moses] will speak; and let the earth hear the words of my
mouth.
(Dake)
Deu 32:1
a

[Give ear ... and hear] Two commands-God's Word:

1. Give ear, O ye heavens.

2. Hear, O earth the words of my mouth.

(Deu 33:26) There is none like God, O Jeshurun [Israel], Who rides through the heavens to your
help and in His majestic glory through the skies.
(Dake)
Deu 33:26

[Jeshurun] See note a, Deu_32:15.

[who rideth upon the heaven] See Psa_68:4; Psa_68:33; Ezekiel 1,8,10.

(Deu 33:28) And Israel dwells in safety, the fountain of Jacob alone in a land of grain and new wine;
yes, His heavens drop dew.
(Dake)
Deu 33:28
a

[Israel then shall dwell in safety] Israel could have remained this way eternally if they had not sinned and provoked God for centuries,
finally causing Him to become their enemy-as He had vowed He would be under such circumstances (Isa_63:10). See Backsliding.

[alone] Israel was not to be incorporated with any other nation under heaven (Deu_32:8-10; Numbers 9; Act_17:26).

[fountain] Hebrew: 'ayin (H5869), an eye; fountain; outward appearance; eyesight; face; presence (Deu_33:28; Deu_8:7; Gen_16:7;
Num_33:9; 1Sa_29:1; 2Ch_32:3; Pro_8:28). The idea here is that God would be the source of blessing, the fountain of life to Israel and
their land.

(Jos 8:20) When the men of Ai looked back, behold, the smoke of the city went up to the heavens, and they had no power to flee this way or that
way. Then the Israelites who fled to the wilderness turned back upon the pursuers.
(Jos 10:11) As they fled before Israel, while they were descending [the pass] to Beth-horon, the Lord cast great stones from the heavens on them as
far as Azekah, killing them. More died because of the hailstones than the Israelites slew with the sword.
(Dake)
Jos 10:11
a

[great stones from heaven] Hailstones of unusual size have been recorded throughout history. On the Upper Rhine, in 1492, one fell
which weighed 260 lbs. In 1510 near Padua, Italy about 1,200 stones fell, some weighing 120 lbs. In 1762 near Verona there were some
weighing 200 to 300 lbs. Two miraculous hailstorms of history:

1. Upon Egypt (Exo_9:18-35; Exo_10:1-15; Psa_78:47)

2. In this battle (Jos_10:11)

[they were more which died with hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword] Four miraculous
hailstorms of prophecy:

1.
2.
3.
4.

During the first trumpet (Rev_8:7)

During the seventh trumpet (Rev_12:19)
During the seventh vial (Rev_16:17-21)
During Armageddon (Eze_38:17-22)

(Jos 10:13) And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation took vengeance upon their
enemies. Is not this written in the Book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of the heavens
and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day.
(Dake)
Jos 10:13
a

[And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed]

Eight Scientific and Biblical Facts

1. This was a genuine miracle. The sun and moon either stopped their influences on the earth, or stood still (see notes a through b,
Jos_10:12).
2. It is not the only miracle involving the sun:
(1) Historically: The earth was totally dark for an indefinite period (Gen_1:2); there was darkness in Egypt for three full days (Exo_10:2123); the shadow of the sun went back ten degrees on the sun dial of Ahaz (2Ki_20:11; Isa_38:8); the sun went down at noon and the
earth was darkened when Israel fell to Babylon (Amo_8:9); and there was darkness for three hours when Christ was crucified
(Luk_23:44-45).
(2) Prophetically: The sun will be darkened in the sixth seal (Rev_6:12-17), the fourth trumpet (Rev_8:12), the fifth trumpet (Rev_9:2),
the fifth vial (Rev_16:10), and at the second advent of Christ and Armagedddon (Isa_13:10; Eze_32:7; Joe_2:10; Joe_2:31; Joe_3:15;
Mat_24:29-31).
3. The rising and setting of the sun is man's expression for the earth turning on its axis so that only part of it is toward the sun at a given
time. The earth's rotation makes it appear that the sun is actually moving around this globe. The sun does travel through the heavens,
making its own prescribed circuit, as do all stars and planets. See The Solar System.
4. It is in God's power to stop the movements of all or part of the solar system, if He sees fit to do so to further His purpose. As the Sovereign
Creator of the laws of nature, He may suspend those laws anytime or anywhere He pleases.
5. It is believed that the command for the sun to stand still was given about the time of its setting for several reasons:
(1) The sun was over Gibeon at the time (Jos_10:12). Looking back from the east where Joshua and his men were pursuing, it could be

seen setting in the sky over Gibeon.

(2) The moon was coming up over the valley of Ajalon (Jos_10:12) and could not have been seen with the naked eye in the afternoon sun.
(3) The statement that the sun "hasted not to go about a whole day" indicates that it was setting at the time the command was given
(Jos_10:13).
(4) If it had been in the middle of the day, Joshua would not have known whether he and his people could avenge themselves before the
day was over because he would have had six hours or more left in which to fight.
6. Joshua spoke to the sun and moon, not the earth, for they are the influences causing tides and seasons and day and night and must
influence the rotation of the earth (Gen_1:14-18).
7. The earth's rotation could suddenly stop without noticeable change for its inhabitants other than the appearance of the heavens, so what is
recorded in Jos_10:12-14 could have happened without being disastrous to the earth and its peoples.
8. Greece, Egypt, China, and Mexico have records of a long day (or night) corresponding to the time of Joshua. By counting the equinoxes,
eclipses, and transits backward from our day to his, and counting them from the prime date of creation (re-creation) on to Joshua's time, a
whole day is missing. Mathematically, such a conclusion is unavoidable.
b

[stayed] Hebrew: 'amad (H5975), to stand; abide; cease; remain; be still; tarry; be firm (Jos_10:13; Deu_10:10; 1Sa_20:19; 1Sa_30:9;
2Ki_4:6).

[until the people had avenged themselves] Until-a whole day more of fighting (Jos_10:13-14). This was a miracle in itself: God
strengthened the army of Joshua, for they fought three whole days and one night:

1.
2.
3.
4.

The day that news came to Joshua (Jos_10:6)

The night of the march (Jos_10:9)
The day of the battle (Jos_10:10-11)
The extra day of the battle when the sun did not go down (Jos_10:12-14)

[Is not this written in the book of Jasher?] Question 14. Next, Jos_15:18.

[book of Jasher] This is variously translated in different versions: The book of Jasher, of the Just, of the Pious, of the Upright, of the
Songs, of Heroes, of the Righteous, and in the true Records. It is not mentioned in the Septuagint. The book of Jasher is referred to twice in
Scripture-here and in 2Sa_1:18. It is said to be a collection of triumphal odes composed by different men to celebrate their notable victories,
or by one man (Jasher) who wrote of such victories.

(Jdg 5:4) Lord, when You went forth out of Seir, when You marched out of the field of Edom, the earth trembled and the heavens also dropped, yes,
the clouds dropped water.
(Dake)
Jdg 5:4
a

[when thou wentest out of Seir ...] See Exo_19:18-24; Heb_12:18-21.

(Jdg 5:20) From the heavens the stars fought, from their courses they fought against Sisera.
(Dake)
Jdg 5:20
a

[They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera] The angels of heaven and the stars in their courses
fought for Israel on this day, for it was a crisis in the history of God's people who were chosen to bring the Messiah into the world, and
produce the Scriptures. This verse is just one of many teaching that wars are won or lost on earth on the basis of wars won or lost in the
heavenlies between the forces of God and Satan (note a, Dan_10:13).

(Jdg 13:20) For when the flame went up toward the heavens from the altar, the Angel of the Lord
ascended in the altar flame. And Manoah and his wife looked on, and they fell on their faces to the
ground.
(Dake)
Jdg 13:20
a

[ascended in the flame of the altar] The Angel ascended of his own power in the flame before the eyes of Manoah and his wife, proving
Himself to be an immortal spirit being.

(Jdg 20:40) But when the [signal] cloud began to rise out of the city in a pillar of smoke, the
Benjamites looked behind them, and behold, the whole of the city went up in smoke to the heavens.
(Dake)
Jdg 20:40
a

[when the flame began to arise up out of the city with a pillar of smoke] Compare this with Jos_8:20-21.

NO REF IN RUTH
NO REF IN 1 SAM
(2Sa 18:9) Then Absalom [unavoidably] met the servants of David. Absalom rode on a mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great
oak, and Absalom's head caught fast [in a fork] of the oak; and the mule under him ran away, leaving him hanging between the heavens and the
earth.
(Dake)
2Sa 18:9
a

[his head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth; and the mule that was under
him went away] His massive head of hair caught in the branches of a tree and his mule went on without him.

(2Sa 22:8) Then the earth reeled and quaked, the foundations of the heavens trembled and shook
because He was angry.
(Dake)
2Sa 22:8
a

[Then] Then-when God heard my desperate cry.

[the earth shook and trembled]

Twelve Physical Manifestations of God

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

The earth shook and trembled (2Sa_22:8).

The foundations of the heaven moved and shook.
He bowed the heavens (2Sa_22:10).
Darkness appeared (2Sa_22:10; 2Sa_22:12).
The winds carried Him (2Sa_22:11).
Clouds passed swiftly (2Sa_22:12).
Balls of fire were kindled (2Sa_22:13).
Mighty thunders were heard (2Sa_22:14).

9. Lightnings flashed (2Sa_22:15).

10. Tidal waves appeared (2Sa_22:16).
11. Earthquakes split the earth.
12. Cyclones blasted the earth.

(2Sa 22:10) He bowed the heavens and came down; thick darkness was under His feet.
(1Ki 8:27) But will God indeed dwell with men on the earth? Behold, the heavens and heaven of heavens [in its most extended compass] cannot
contain You; how much less this house that I have built?
(Dake)
1Ki 8:27
a

[will God indeed dwell on the earth? ... how much less this house that I have builded] Questions 14-15. Next, 1Ki_9:8. God
will indeed dwell on the earth-in person, visibly, for all eternity-as He now dwells on the planet heaven (Isa_66:22-24; Tit_2:13; Rev_21:127; Rev_22:4-5). This does not mean, however, that His presence will be limited to the earth any more than it is now limited to heaven.
Solomon could have been referring to omnipresence here, not omnibody. God's body cannot be everywhere at the same time, but His
presence can. This is governed by relationship with others, not substance.

(1Ki 14:11) Anyone belonging to Jeroboam who dies in the city the dogs shall eat, and any who dies
in the field the birds of the heavens shall eat. For the Lord has spoken it.
(Dake)
1Ki 14:11
a

[dogs eat] Dogs were the main scavengers of eastern cities, and vultures the main scavengers of the country, assisted by kites and crows.

(1Ki 16:4) Any of Baasha's family who dies in the city the dogs shall eat, and any who dies in the
field the birds of the heavens shall eat.

(1Ki 18:45) In a little while, the heavens were black with wind-swept clouds, and there was a great
rain. And Ahab went to Jezreel.
(2Ki 14:27) But the Lord had not said that He would blot out the name of Israel from under the heavens, so He saved them by the hand of Jeroboam
[II] son of Jehoash.
(Dake)
2Ki 14:27
a

[And the LORD said not that he would blot out the name of Israel from under heaven] This is another reminder that God
wouldn't destroy Israel completely, but would save a remnant, according to the election of grace.

(2Ki 17:16) And they forsook all the commandments of the Lord their God and made for themselves
molten images, even two calves, and made an Asherah and worshiped all the [starry] hosts of the
heavens and served Baal.
(2Ki 19:15) And Hezekiah prayed: O Lord, the God of Israel, Who [in symbol] is enthroned above
the cherubim [of the ark in the temple], You are the God, You alone, of all the kingdoms of the
earth. You have made the heavens and the earth.
(2Ki 21:3) For he built up again the high places which Hezekiah his father had destroyed; and he
reared up altars for Baal and made an Asherah, as did Ahab king of Israel, and worshiped all the
[starry] hosts of the heavens and served them!
(Dake)
2Ki 21:3
a

[had destroyed] See 2Ki_18:4; 2Ki_18:22.

[grove] See Asherah under Biblical Facts About False Gods.

[as did Ahab king of Israel] See 2Ki_11:18.

[worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them] Never before done in Judah; cp. Deu_4:19; Deu_17:3.

(2Ki 21:5) And he [good Hezekiah's son] built altars for all the hosts of the heavens in the two courts
of the house of the Lord!
(Dake)
2Ki 21:5
a

[two courts of the house of the LORD] See 1Ki_7:12.

(2Ki 23:4) And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest and the priests of the second rank and
the keepers of the threshold to bring out of the temple of the Lord all the vessels made for Baal, for
[the goddess] Asherah, and for all the hosts of the heavens; and he burned them outside Jerusalem
in the fields of the Kidron, and carried their ashes to Bethel [where Israel's idolatry began]. (1)
(Dake)
2Ki 23:4
a

[second order] The ordinary priests of the second rank, in contrast with the high priest.

[vessels] Three kinds of vessels:

1. Those made for and used in Baal worship
2. Those made for and used for the grove (see Asherah under Biblical Facts About False Gods) worship
3. Those made for and used in the worship of the host of heaven-the sun, moon, and planets

[burned them] Burned them as described in Deu_7:25.

[carried the ashes of them unto Beth-el] Carried the ashes to Bethel to defile the altar of Jeroboam, as predicted in 1Ki_13:2 where
even the name of Josiah is mentioned 322 years before he was born and 348 years before the prediction was fulfilled (see notes, 1Ki_13:2).

(2Ki 23:5) He put away the idolatrous priests whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn
incense in the high places in Judah's cities and round about Jerusalem--also those who burned

incense to Baal, to the sun, to the moon, to the constellations [or twelve signs of the zodiac], and to
all the hosts of the heavens.
(Dake)
2Ki 23:5
a

[idolatrous priests] Idolatrous priests who were black-robed instead of white-robed as God's priests. Even the Hebrew words are
different here (kohen (H3548) for a priest appointed by God, and kamar for an idolatrous priest appointed by man). See Hos_10:5;
Zep_1:4.

[them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven]
Each idol had its own priests, so there were many orders of priests in Israel-those that burned incense in the high places, ordained by the
kings of Israel from the lowest of the people; those that burned incense to Baal; and those that burned it to the sun, moon, planets, and all
the host of heaven (cp. 1Ki_12:31).

[planets] Planets-the twelve signs of the zodiac. Hebrew: mazzalah (H4208), used only here, but similar to the transliterated Mazzaroth,
which also appears to refer to the zodiac in Job_38:32. Mauzalti was the Babylonian name for the divisions of the zodiac in the Assyrian
inscriptions.

(1Ch 16:26) For all the gods of the people are [lifeless] idols, but the Lord made the heavens.
(1Ch 16:31) Let the heavens be glad and let the earth rejoice; and let men say among the nations, The Lord reigns!
(1Ch 21:16) David lifted up his eyes and saw the angel of the Lord standing between earth and the heavens, having a drawn sword in his hand
stretched out over Jerusalem. Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces.
(1Ch 27:23) But David did not number those under twenty years of age, for the Lord had promised to make Israel as the stars of the heavens.
(Dake)
1Ch 27:23
a

[took not the number of them from twenty years old and under: because the LORD had said he would increase Israel like
to the stars of the heavens] No census was taken of any in the tribes under the age of 20, for by this time the new age limit for entering
some service was in force (1Ch_23:27). This numbering was the same as the count Satan inspired in 1 Chron. 21, for which God sent a
plague that killed 70,000 men in Jerusalem alone. God had promised that Israel would be as innumerable as the sand, dust, and stars;
somehow it stirred His wrath for David to count the people, whether in doubt of the promise being fulfilled or in plans for future conquests.

(1Ch 29:11) Yours, O Lord, is the greatness and the power and the glory and the victory and the
majesty, for all that is in the heavens and the earth is Yours; Yours is the kingdom, O Lord, and
Yours it is to be exalted as Head over all.
(2Ch 6:14) And said, O Lord, God of Israel, there is no God like You in the heavens or in the earth, keeping covenant and showing mercy and lovingkindness to Your servants who walk before You with all their hearts,
(Dake)
2Ch 6:14
a

[said , O LORD God of Israel]

Twelve Parts to This Prayer and Blessing

1. God's faithfulness acknowledged (2Ch_6:14-15)
2. Plea for continued faithfulness (2Ch_6:16-17)
3. God's omnipresence (2Ch_6:18)
4. Plea for answers to prayers uttered toward the temple (2Ch_6:19-21)
5. Plea for just judgment (2Ch_6:22-23)
6. Plea for forgiveness and restoration from captivity (2Ch_6:24-25)
7. Plea for forgiveness and rain from heaven (2Ch_6:26-27)
8. Plea for help in plague, war, and sickness (2Ch_6:28-31)
9. Plea for blessings on Gentiles seeking Israel's God (2Ch_6:32-33)
10. Plea for help in war when no sin is committed (2Ch_6:34-35)
11. Plea for help in war caused by sin (2Ch_6:36-39)
12. Plea for God's continual presence and blessing (2Ch_6:40-42)
b

[O LORD God of Israel] Solomon's prayer contains 1,122 words and addresses God 8 times in 4 different ways:

1.
2.
3.
4.
c

O Lord God of Israel (2Ch_6:14; 2Ch_6:16-17)

O Lord my God (2Ch_6:19)
My God (2Ch_6:40)
O Lord God (2Ch_6:41-42)

[no God like thee in the heaven, nor in the earth] Five facts about God here:

1. No God like Him in heaven

2. None like Him in earth

3. He keeps covenant
4. He shows mercy to all that walk before Him with all their heart
5. He has been faithful to David (2Ch_6:15)
d

[keepest covenant] No man will ever be able to say in all eternity that God has not kept His part of every contract with men or fulfilled
every promise to them. He always has and always will fulfill His obligations to humanity (2Co_1:20).

[all their hearts] See Ten Things to Be Done With All the Heart.

(2Ch 6:18) But will God actually dwell with men on the earth? Behold, heaven and the heaven of
heavens cannot contain You; how much less this house which I have built!
(Dake)
2Ch 6:18
a

[will God in very deed dwell with men on the earth?] Question 4. Next, 2Ch_7:21. See note, 1Ki_8:27.

[heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house which I have built] See God Not
Contained.

(2Ch 6:26) When the heavens are shut up and there is no rain because Your people have sinned
against You, yet if they pray toward this place, confess your name [and You Yourself ], and turn
from their sin when You afflict them,
(Dake)
2Ch 6:26
a

[When the heaven is shut up] See note a, 1Ki_8:35.

[no rain, because they have sinned against thee] See note b, 1Ki_8:35.

[toward this place] Praying toward this temple, this city, and this land is referred to eight times in this prayer (2Ch_6:20-21; 2Ch_6:26;
2Ch_6:34; 2Ch_6:38).

(2Ch 33:3) For he built again the [idolatrous] high places which Hezekiah his father had broken
down, and he reared altars for the Baals and made the Asherim and worshiped all the hosts of the
heavens and served them.
(2Ch 33:5) He built altars for all the hosts of the heavens in the two courts of the Lord's house.
(Dake)
2Ch 33:5
a

[host of heaven] This refers to the sun, moon, stars, and planets.

(Ezr 9:6) Saying, O my God, I am ashamed and blush to lift my face to You, my God, for our iniquities have risen higher than our heads and our
guilt has mounted to the heavens.
(Dake)
Ezr 9:6
a

[O my God, I am ashamed and blush to lift up my face to thee ...]

Ezra's Prayer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

I am ashamed and blush at our sins that have grown up to heaven (Ezr_9:6)
We have sinned from the days of our fathers until now (Ezr_9:7)
For our sins we have gone into captivity and confusion as at this day (Ezr_9:7)
You have showed us a little space of grace for our restoration (Ezr_9:8)
We are slaves, but our God did not forsake us; He has given us favor in the sight of the kings of Persia to rebuild the temple and Jerusalem
(Ezr_9:9)
6. We have forsaken Your commandments
7. You have punished us less than we deserve (Ezr_9:13)
8. You have given us deliverance
9. Should we do again the things that we were destroyed for?
10. Should You not destroy us again even more completely than before?
11. You are righteous, for we remain escaped, as it is today (Ezr_9:15)
12. We are before You in our trespass; we cannot stand before You because of this (Ezr_9:15)

(Neh 1:9) But if you return to Me and keep My commandments and do them, though your outcasts were in the farthest part of the heavens [the
expanse of outer space], yet will I gather them from there and will bring them to the place in which I have chosen to set My [1] Name.(3)
(Dake)
Neh 1:9
a

[unto the place that I have chosen to set my name there] Palestine was the only place God ever promised Israel, and it is here where
they are now being gathered. He promised them the land of Canaan and all that lies between the river Euphrates and the Mediterannean
(Gen_15:18-21; Gen_17:8; Ezekiel 47-48).

(Neh 9:6) [And Ezra said], You are the Lord, You alone; You have made heaven, the heaven of
heavens, with all their host, the earth, and all that is on it, the seas and all that is in them; and You
preserve them all, and the hosts of heaven worship You.

NO REF IN ESTHER
(Job 1:16) While he was yet speaking, there came also another and said, The fire of God (lightning) has fallen from the heavens and has burned up
the sheep and the servants and consumed them, and I alone have escaped to tell you.
(Dake)
Job 1:16
a

[While he was yet speaking, there came also another] This emphasizes the rapidity of the calamities which were intended to
overwhelm Job all at once, if possible (Job_1:16-18; Job_1:20-22).

[fire of God is fallen from heaven] This was perhaps a great bolt of lightning which would seem to be from God. Even today men
consider storms, lightning, winds and other things causing disaster to be acts of God, not realizing that the devil is the prince of the power of
the air (Eph_2:1-3) who is permitted the limited use of such things. Though God can also make use of such things, it's impossible for man
to determine in any particular instance whether it was God, or Satan with God's permission.

(Job 2:12) And when they looked from afar off and saw him [disfigured] beyond recognition, they
lifted up their voices and wept; and each one tore his robe, and they cast dust over their heads
toward the heavens.
(Dake)
Job 2:12
a

[knew him not] This can be taken literally, for Job was no doubt swollen and disfigured by the sore boils over his entire body that he was
unrecognizable.

(Job 9:8) Who alone stretches out the heavens and treads upon the waves and high places of the
sea;
(Job 14:12) So man lies down and does not rise [to his former state]. Till the heavens are no more,
men will not awake nor be raised [physically] out of their sleep.
(Dake)
Job 14:12
a

[till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep] This is a poetic reference to the renovation
of the heavens and the earth at the end of the Millennium and at the time of the resurrection of the bodies of the wicked dead (2Pe_2:10-13;
Rev_20:4-6; Rev_20:11-15). The heavens and the earth will be passed from one state to another; the former will be no more. That is, they
will both be changed to a pure and perfect state wherein righteousness will reign forever (Rom_8:21-25; Heb_1:1-12; Heb_12:25-29;
2Pe_3:10-13; Rev_20:11-15; Rev_21:1-7). See Heaven.

(Job 15:15) Behold, [God] puts no trust in His holy ones [the angels]; indeed, the heavens are not
clean in His sight-(Dake)

Job 15:15
a

[saints] "Saints" here refers to angels, whom He charged with folly (Job_4:18).

See also: Note on Job_15:2-16

(Job 20:6) Though his [proud] height mounts up to the heavens and his head reaches to the clouds,
(Dake)
Job 20:6
a

[Though his excellency mount up to the heavens] Though the wicked are highly exalted, yet they shall perish eternally in the end
(Job_20:6-9).

(Job 20:27) The heavens shall reveal his iniquity, and the earth shall rise up against him.
(Job 22:14) Thick clouds are a covering to Him, so that He does not see, and He walks on the vault
of the heavens.
(Job 26:11) The pillars of the heavens tremble and are astonished at His rebuke.
(Job 26:13) By His breath the heavens are garnished; His hand pierced the [swiftly] fleeing serpent.
(1)

(Dake)
Job 26:13
a

[formed the crooked serpent] This may refer to the constellation known as the Serpent or Dragon.

(Job 28:21) It is hidden from the eyes of all living, and knowledge of it is withheld from the birds of
the heavens.
(Dake)
Job 28:21
a

[it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the fowls of the air] Wisdom is kept from the eyes of the living, and from
the fowls of the air. Destruction (Hebrew: abaddown (H11)) and death have heard of its fame, but don't possess it (Job_28:21-22). God
alone understands the way of wisdom and the place where it is found (Job_28:23). He defines wisdom as "the fear of the Lord," and
understanding is "to depart from evil" (Job_28:28).

(Job 28:24) For He looks to the ends of the earth and sees everything under the heavens.
(Job 35:5) Look to the heavens and see; and behold the skies which are higher than you.
(Dake)
Job 35:5
a

[Look unto the heavens, and see; and behold the clouds which are higher than thou] Threefold vindication of God:

1. God dwells in the heavens and is much higher than man.

2. The sin of man cannot affect His plan or conduct; it only affects man's destiny (Job_35:6).
3. The righteousness of man cannot affect His plan or conduct; it only affects man's destiny (Job_35:7).

(Job 35:11) Who teaches us more than the beasts of the earth and makes us wiser than the birds of
the heavens?

(Job 37:16) Do you know how the clouds are balanced [and poised in the heavens], the wonderful
works of Him Who is perfect in knowledge?
(Dake)
Job 37:16
a

[balancings of the clouds, the wondrous works of him which is perfect in knowledge] Do you know how the clouds are
suspended in the air with so much heavy water in them? We know that God upholds them by His own power in the same way that He hangs
the earth and all planets on nothing. They are supported and revolve by God's laws, and they never vary unless God causes them to do so.

(Job 37:18) Can you along with Him spread out the sky, [which is] strong as a molten mirror?
(Job 38:33) Do you know the ordinances of the heavens? Can you establish their rule upon the
earth?
(Dake)
Job 38:33
a

[ordinances of heaven] That is, the laws by which all heavenly bodies remain in constant motion.

[dominion thereof in the earth] The dominion of the heaven over earth.

(Job 38:37) Who can number the clouds by wisdom? Or who can pour out the [water] bottles of the
heavens
(Job 41:11) Who has first given to Me, that I should repay him? Whatever is under the whole
heavens is Mine. [Therefore, who can have a claim against God, God Who made the unmastered
crocodile?](1)

(Dake)
Job 41:11
a

[whatsoever is under the whole heaven is mine] All things under the whole heaven belong to God and He knows the parts, power,
and proportions of leviathan (Job_41:11-12).

(Job 41:34) He looks all mighty [beasts of prey] in the face [without terror]; he is monarch over all
the sons of pride. [And now, Job, [1] who are you who dares not arouse the unmastered crocodile, yet
who dares resist Me, the beast's Creator, to My face? Everything under the heavens is Mine;
therefore, who can have a claim against God?]
(Dake)
Job 41:34
a

[he is a king over all the children of pride]

A Fifty-sixfold Description of Leviathan

1. He cannot be taken with a hook like a fish (Job_41:1).
2. His tongue cannot be snared with a rope.
3. His nose cannot be hooked (Job_41:2).
4. Jaws cannot be bored through with a thorn (ring).
5. He does not beg for his life (Job_41:3).
6. He cannot be made a servant of man (Job_41:4).
7. He cannot be tamed (Job_41:5).
8. He is not edible (Job_41:6).
9. He cannot be divided and sold.
10. His skin cannot be filled with barbed irons in taking him (Job_41:7).
11. His head cannot be filled with fish spears in capturing him.
12. In seeking to take him, all that a man can do is to fight him and no more (Job_41:8).
13. The hope of taking him in battle is vain (Job_41:9).
14. Men give up in any fight with him when they see him.
15. No man is so fierce that he can stir him up any more than he can stand against God-and who will dare fight with God (Job_41:10-11)?
16. God alone is not confounded by his parts (limbs), power, and frame (Job_41:12).
17. No man can discover the face of his garment or his skin (Job_41:13).

18. No man can bridle him.

19. No man can open his jaws (Job_41:14).
20. His scales are his pride (Job_41:15).
21. His scales are shut up together as with a close seal.
22. One scale is so near another that no air can come between them (Job_41:16).
23. The scales are joined one to another (Job_41:17).
24. They stick together.
25. They cannot be separated.
26. Light shoots out of his nostrils when he sneezes (Job_41:18).
27. His eyes look like two suns that come up in the morning.
28. Burning torches shoot out of his mouth when it is open (Job_41:19).
29. Sparks of fire leap out when his mouth is open.
30. Smoke goes out of his nostrils when he breathes, as out of a boiling pot.
31. His breath kindles the coals of his mouth into flames of fire (Job_41:21).
32. His neck is exceedingly strong (Job_41:22).
33. Sorrow (terror) is turned into joy (dances) before him.
34. His flesh is not flabby and soft, but solid and firm (Job_41:23).
35. His flesh cannot be moved.
36. His heart is as firm as a hard millstone (Job_41:24).
37. The mighty are afraid when he raises himself up to attack (Job_41:25).
38. By reason of breakings (destruction wrought by him) the mighty purify themselves (miss the mark and flee in terror).
39. The sword (harpoon) that is put into him cannot hold (penetrate his hard skin, Job_41:26).
40. The spear, dart, and other weapons have no effect on him.
41. He esteems iron as weak straw (Job_41:27).
42. He esteems brass as rotten wood.
43. Arrows have no effect on him (Job_41:28).
44. Slingstones fall off him like stubble (Job_41:28).
45. Darts are also counted as stubble by him (Job_41:29).
46. He laughs at the spear.
47. He walks and lies on sharp stones which have no effect on him (Job_41:30).
48. Sharp pointed stones are as soft to him as clay.
49. Wherever he goes he makes the water to boil like a pot (Job_41:31).
50. He stirs the sea up into a foam like a pot of ointment.
51. He makes a foamy path in the water after him (Job_41:32).
52. He makes the deep to appear hoary (white) and foamy.
53. There is nothing like him on earth (Job_41:33).
54. He is without fear.
55. He beholds all high things (Job_41:34).
56. He is king over all the children of pride.
This is no doubt a symbol of Satan as a great dragon, the enemy of both God and man. Certain statements in this description could refer only

to a supernatural being, as in Isa_27:1; Rev. 12. In Job_41:34 he is called "the king over all the children of pride." The Berkeley and Young
versions read, "he is king over all the sons of pride"; Moffatt reads, "the monarch of proud creatures." Thus leviathan could be none other
than Satan, the spirit that now works in all sons of disobedience and pride (Eph_2:1-3). The word pride is not used of beasts in all the book of
Job. See Job_9:13; Job_26:12; Job_40:11-12 where the word proud is used of men. Outside the book of Job pride is used 45 times, always of
men; proud is used 42 times of men. Not once are these used of animals. In Job pride is used only of men (Job_33:17; Job_35:12) and
leviathan (Job_41:15); so "the children of pride" in Job_41:34 must refer to men. To interpret this verse as meaning that leviathan is king
over all the animals is out of harmony with truth. If he is king over all the sons of the proud human race, then beyond doubt he is Satan.

(Psa 2:4) He Who sits in the heavens laughs; the Lord has them in derision [and in supreme contempt He mocks them].
(Dake)
Psa 2:4
a

[He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: the Lord shall have them in derision]

Sixteen Personal Acts of God

1. Sits in the heavens.
2. Laughs at the vain plans of man.
3. Has men in derision (Psa_2:4).
4. Speaks to men.
5. Becomes angry with men.
6. Vexes men because of their sins.
7. Is sore displeased with men (Psa_2:5).
8. Sets the Messiah as King in Zion (Psa_2:6).
9. Speaks to the Messiah.
10. Begets a Son (Psa_2:7).
11. Gives the Messiah nations to inherit.
12. Gives the Messiah earth to possess (Psa_2:8).
13. Crushes His enemies on earth (Psa_2:9).
14. Gives advice to kings (Psa_2:10-12).
15. Gives instruction to judges (Psa_2:10).
16. Blesses those who trust Him (Psa_2:12).

(Psa 8:1) O LORD, our Lord, how excellent (majestic and glorious) is Your name in all the earth!
You have set Your glory on [or above] the heavens.
(Dake)
Psa 8:1
a

[LORD our Lord] Hebrew: Jehovah (H3068) Adonay (H136), Jehovah our Sovereign, Director, Ruler, Judge, and Supporter. The psalm
begins and ends with this phrase (Psa_8:1; Psa_8:9).

[excellent is thy name in all the earth! who hast set thy glory above the heavens] God's name is excellent in all the earth and His
glory is higher than the heavens. He has been greatly magnified by the gospel in this age of grace.

(Psa 8:3) When I view and consider Your heavens, the work of Your fingers, the moon and the
stars, which You have ordained and established,
(Dake)
Psa 8:3
a

[heavens] See The Solar System.

[fingers]

The Works of God's Hands

The heavens belong to God and are the work of His fingers. The word finger is used twice of God's power (Exo_8:19; Luk_11:20). The word in
the plural is always used in a literal sense. Here it is used in the same sense as the word hands which God used to form all things out of
material which He created or brought into existence by His Word (Psa_8:6).
God's Hands Have Formed:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The earth (Psa_8:3; Psa_8:6; Psa_90:2; Psa_95:5)

The heavens (Psa_8:3; Psa_19:1; Psa_102:25)
The planets (Psa_8:3; Isa_40:26; Isa_45:12; Isa_48:13; 2Ki_23:5; Heb_1:10)
All creatures (Gen_2:7-25; Job_26:13; Rom_9:20; 1Ti_2:13)
All things (Pro_26:10)

[moon and the stars] David omits the sun here, indicating his meditation was at night. If he had considered the heavens in the day all he
could have seen would be the sun and sky, not the moon and stars. These he wished to introduce because of their immense variety and
splendor. The sun he describes in Psa_19:1-6.

[ordained] Hebrew: kuwn (H3559), to form, prepare, establish. God has made their respective spheres-space to matter and matter to
space-all adjusted in number, weight and measure.

(Psa 18:9) He bowed the heavens also and came down; and thick darkness was under His feet.
(Psa 18:13) The Lord also thundered from the heavens, and the Most High uttered His voice, amid
hailstones and coals of fire.
(Psa 19:1) THE HEAVENS declare the glory of God; and the firmament shows and proclaims His
handiwork.(1)
(Dake)
Psa 19:1
a

[declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork]

Fourfold Confirmation of God's Existence

1. The heavens declare God's glory. Hebrew: caphar (H5608), to recount, to mark as a tally, number out, inscribe as a writer (Psa_19:1;
Psa_75:1; Job_12:8)
2. The firmament shows His handiwork in creation. Hebrew: nagad (H5046), to front, stand boldly out, manifest, certify (Psa_19:1;
Psa_111:6; Mic_6:8)
3. Days utter speech. Hebrew: naba' (H5042), to gush forth, belch out, pour out, utter abundantly (Psa_19:2; Psa_78:2; Psa_145:7)
4. Nights show knowledge. Hebrew: chavah (H2331), to declare, show, indicate (Psa_19:2; Job_15:17; Job_32:6; Job_32:10; Job_32:17;
Job_36:2)
If the heavens number out the glory of God and inscribe the infinite works of the Creator; if the firmament manifests His handiwork and
certifies His existence; if days constantly pour forth teaching; and if nights declare the knowledge of God, then God's existence is everywhere
confirmed.

(Psa 19:4) Yet their voice [in evidence] goes out through all the earth, their sayings to the end of the
world. Of the heavens has God made a tent for the sun, (2)
(Dake)
Psa 19:4
a

[line is gone out through all the earth]

Five Measuring Lines

Hebrew: qav (H6957), a measuring line or rule (Psa_19:4; 1Ki_7:23; 2Ki_21:13; 2Ch_4:2; Job_38:5; Isa_28:10; Isa_28:13; Isa_28:17;
Isa_34:11; Isa_34:17; Jer_31:39; Lam_2:8; Eze_47:3; Zec_1:16).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b

Used of measuring (1Ki_7:23; 2Ch_4:2; Jer_31:39; Eze_47:3)

Used of judgment (2Ki_21:13; Isa_28:17; Lam_2:8; Zec_1:16)
Used of setting bounds to creation (Job_38:5)
Used of gradual giving of the Word of God (Isa_28:10; Isa_28:13)
Here (Psa_19:4) it seems to be used of the messages of truth that have gone through all the world. This is the sense in which Paul used it
(Rom_10:18). Some versions translate it "good news," "their voice," and "hope."

[them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun] The heavens.

(Psa 19:6) Its going forth is from the end of the heavens, and its circuit to the ends of it; and nothing
[yes, no one] is hidden from the heat of it.
(Dake)
Psa 19:6
a

[his circuit unto the ends of it] Both the sun and the earth (as well as all heavenly bodies) travel eternally in their own circuits and
orbits through space in conjunction with one another. The sun moves in its own circuit at the rate of 12 miles per second, or 43,200 mph.
Its planets revolve around it as they all travel through space. How long it takes to make a complete circuit through the entire heavens is not
known.

[nothing hid from the heat thereof]

Six Blessings From the Heavens

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
c

They declare God's glory (Psa_19:1).

They show His handiwork.
They utter (gush out) speech (Psa_19:2).
They show (manifest) knowledge.
Their messages are universal (Psa_19:3-4).
They give life to earth (Psa_19:5-6).

[heat] The surface temperature of the sun is about 12,000 degrees F and the center about 40,000,000 degrees F.

(Psa 33:6) By the word of the Lord were the heavens made, and all their host by the breath of His
mouth.(1)
(Psa 50:4) He calls to the heavens above and to the earth, that He may judge His people:
(Psa 50:6) And the heavens declare His righteousness (rightness and justice), for God, He is judge.
Selah [pause, and calmly think of that]!
(Dake)
Psa 50:6
a

[Selah] See note, Psa_3:2.

(Psa 57:5) Be exalted, O God, above the heavens! Let Your glory be over all the earth!
(Psa 57:10) For Your mercy and loving-kindness are great, reaching to the heavens, and Your truth
and faithfulness to the clouds.
(Dake)
Psa 57:10

[For thy mercy is great unto the heaven, and thy truth unto the clouds] These are David's reasons for praising God (Psa_108:4).
God's infinite mercy and truth are the very foundation of praise from man. These He sends from heaven to save and deliver all who are in
need (Psa_57:3).

(Psa 57:11) Be exalted, O God, above the heavens; let Your glory be over all the earth.
(Dake)
Psa 57:11
a

[Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: let thy glory be above all the earth] This is repeated for emphasis (Psa_57:5;
Psa_57:11; Psa_108:5).

(Psa 68:8) The earth trembled, the heavens also poured down [rain] at the presence of God; yonder
Sinai quaked at the presence of God, the God of Israel.
(Dake)
Psa 68:8
a

[The earth shook, the heavens also dropped at the presence of God: even Sinai itself was moved at the presence of God]
Bible commentators say that Psalm 68 is the most difficult psalm to understand, but if one will notice the time element and the events in
each verse it won't be so difficult. For example, Psa_68:8 is a clear reference to Israel receiving the law at Sinai (Exo_19:16-25). The only
perplexing statement so far is that of Psa_68:6 about God setting the solitary in families. This is explained in pt. 6, Thirty Facts about God
and Christ. All of Psa_68:8-14 refers to Israel at Sinai and the conquest of Canaan; Psa_68:15-17 describes the headquarters of God;
Psa_68:18 Christ's victory over hell; Psa_68:19-20 God's blessings; Psa_68:21-31 Millennial worship and God's triumph over His enemies
in the last days; and Psa_68:32-35 give admonitions to the people in the Millennium. Any statement which seems difficult will be made
clear in the notes.

(Psa 68:33) [Sing praises] to Him Who rides upon the heavens, the ancient heavens; behold, He
sends forth His voice, His mighty voice.
(Dake)
Psa 68:33
a

[rideth upon the heavens of heavens] God rides upon the heavens (Psa_68:4; Psa_68:33), clouds (Isa_19:1), cherubs (Psa_18:10;
2Sa_22:11), chariots (Psa_68:17; Ezekiel 1), and goes from place to place by other means (Gen_3:8; Gen_11:5; Gen_18:33).

(Psa 71:19) Your righteousness also, O God, is very high [reaching to the heavens], You Who have
done great things; O God, who is like You, or who is Your equal?
(Psa 78:26) He let forth the east wind to blow in the heavens, and by His power He guided the south
wind.
(Psa 78:69) And He built His sanctuary [exalted] like the heights [of the heavens] and like the earth
which He established forever.
(Dake)
Psa 78:69
a

[like the earth which he hath established for ever] Two eternal things:

1. Mt. Zion (Psa_78:69; Psa_87:5; Psa_125:1)

2. The earth (Psa_78:69; Psa_104:5; Ecc_1:4)

(Psa 79:2) The dead bodies of Your servants they have given as food to the birds of the heavens, the
flesh of Your saints to the beasts of the earth.

(Psa 89:2) For I have said, Mercy and loving-kindness shall be built up forever; Your faithfulness
will You establish in the very heavens [unchangeable and perpetual].
(Dake)
Psa 89:2
a

[For I have said, Mercy shall be built up for ever: thy faithfulness shalt thou establish in the very heavens] Two sayings of
Ethan:

1. Mercy shall be built up forever.

2. God's faithfulness shall be established in the heavens.

(Psa 89:6) For who in the heavens can be compared to the Lord? Who among the mighty [heavenly
beings] can be likened to the Lord,
(Dake)
Psa 89:6
a

[For who in the heaven can be compared unto the LORD? who among the sons of the mighty can be likened unto the
LORD? ... who is a strong LORD like unto thee? or to thy faithfulness round about thee?] Questions 115-118. Next,
Psa_89:46.

[sons of the mighty] These are angels (Gen_6:2; Gen_6:4; Job_1:6; Job_2:1; Job_38:7).

(Psa 89:11) The heavens are Yours, the earth also is Yours; the world and all that is in it, You have
founded them.
(Dake)
Psa 89:11

[The heavens are thine, the earth also is thine: as for the world and the fulness thereof, thou hast founded them] Another
verse among many which declares that the heavens and earth and all in them are the creation of God, not a product of evolution (Psa_89:1112).

(Psa 89:37) It shall be established forever as the moon, the faithful witness in the heavens. Selah
[pause, and calmly think of that]!(7)
(Psa 96:5) For all the gods of the nations are [lifeless] idols, but the Lord made the heavens.
(Dake)
Psa 96:5
a

[gods] Same word as in note above.

[idols] Hebrew: eliylim (H457), nothings; vanities; emptinesses; things of naught. Instead of being the true Elohim, not only are they not
God, but they are nothing (cp. 1Co_8:4).

(Psa 96:11) Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; let the sea roar, and all the things
which fill it;
(Dake)
Psa 96:11
a

[Let the heavens rejoice, and let the earth be glad; let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof] Psa_96:11-12 reveal the great
rejoicing of the heavens and the earth in view of the reign of God and the Messiah on earth (Psa_96:10; Psa_96:13; Psa_93:1; Psa_96:1;
Isa_9:6-7; Dan_2:44-45; Dan_7:13-14; Dan_7:18; Dan_7:27; Zech. 14; Luk_1:32-33; Rev_11:15; Rev_22:4-5).

(Psa 97:6) The heavens declare His righteousness, and all the peoples see His glory.
(Psa 102:25) At the beginning You existed and laid the foundations of the earth; the heavens are the
work of Your hands.
(Dake)
Psa 102:25
a

[Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth ...] The 80th prophecy in Psalms (Psa_102:25-28, unfulfilled). Next, Psa_103:17.
This prophecy will be fulfilled when the heavens and earth are renovated by fire at the end of the Millennium (2Pe_3:10-13, notes). It is
quoted in Heb_1:10-12, except Psa_102:28. The term "of old" often refers to the dateless past in eternity, the time before the original
creations of the heavens and the earth of Gen_1:1; Psa_93:2; Mic_5:2.

[laid the foundation of the earth] This was long before the days of Adam. Angels and morning stars rejoiced when God laid the
foundations of the earth (Job_38:4-7).

[heavens are the work of thy hands] Not only was the earth created and formed by God's hands, but also the heavens, including the
billions of stars and planets (Psa_8:3-6; Psa_19:1; Psa_90:2; Psa_95:5; Pro_26:10; Isa_40:12; Isa_40:26; Isa_45:12; Isa_48:13).

(Psa 103:11) For as the heavens are high above the earth, so great are His mercy and lovingkindness toward those who reverently and worshipfully fear Him.
(Psa 103:19) The Lord has established His throne in the heavens, and His kingdom rules over all.
(Dake)
Psa 103:19
a

[ruleth over all] God's kingdom does not rule over all now, so this is future prophecy. He will send Jesus from heaven to rid the earth of
all rebels and then God will be all in all (1Co_15:24-28; Eph_1:10).

(Psa 104:2) [You are the One] Who covers Yourself with light as with a garment, Who stretches out
the heavens like a curtain or a tent,
(Dake)
Psa 104:2
a

[coverest thyself with light as with a garment] This refers to the great light in which God dwells, light which no man can approach
and which no man has seen nor can see in his sinful state (1Ti_6:16).

[curtain] Of 57 occurences, this word appears only here in Psalms. It is used 53 times of the tabernacle, 45 times in Exodus 26 and Exodus
36. Here it no doubt refers to the atmospheric heavens or the clouds, called the firmament of the second day's work of Gen_1:6-8.

(Psa 104:3) Who lays the beams of the upper room of His abode in the waters [above the
firmament], Who makes the clouds His chariot, Who walks on the wings of the wind,
(Dake)
Psa 104:3
a

[beams] Hebrew: qarah (H7136), to cause to meet, referring to the various kinds of clouds of the heavens meeting one another. The word
chambers refers to the clouds (Psa_104:3; Psa_104:13). The idea is that God makes the clouds to meet in the heavens.

[clouds his chariot] Clouds form His chariot, or one of His means of travel (Psa_104:3; Nah_1:3). This is not His only means of travel,
for He has thousands of chariots that go like lightning (2Ki_2:12; 2Ki_6:17; Psa_68:17; Eze_1:1-28; Eze_10:1-14; Joe_2:5; Zech. 6). He also
rides the wind (Psa_104:3) and upon cherubs (2Sa_22:11; Psa_18:10). God has appeared in clouds (Mat_17:5). Christ and others have
been and will be received by clouds in translation (Act_1:9; 1Th_4:17; Rev_11:12). Christ will return with clouds (Dan_7:13; Mat_24:30;
Mat_26:64; Rev_1:7; Rev_14:14-16).

(Psa 104:12) Beside them the birds of the heavens have their nests; they sing among the branches. (4)

(Psa 107:26) [Those aboard] mount up to the heavens, they go down again to the deeps; their
courage melts away because of their plight.
(Psa 108:4) For Your mercy and loving-kindness are great and high as the heavens! Your truth and
faithfulness reach to the skies!(1)
(Dake)
Psa 108:4
a

[For thy mercy is great above the heavens: and thy truth reacheth unto the clouds] Two reasons to praise God:

1. His mercy is great above the heavens (Psa_57:10).

2. His truth reaches the clouds (Psa_57:10). Psa_108:1-5 is the same as Psa_57:7-11.

(Psa 108:5) Be exalted, O God, above the heavens, and let Your glory be over all the earth.
(Dake)
Psa 108:5
a

[Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: and thy glory above all the earth] Five requests:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Be exalted, O God, above the heavens (Psa_57:5).

Exalt Your glory above the earth.
Save with Your right hand (Psa_108:6).
Answer me.
Give us help from trouble (Psa_108:12; Psa_60:11).

(Psa 113:4) The Lord is high above all nations, and His glory above the heavens!
(Dake)

Psa 113:4
a

[The LORD is high above all nations, and his glory above the heavens] This threefold position of God and His sevenfold works of
Psa_113:4-9 are enough to cause all appreciative creatures to love and honor Him.

Ten Reasons to Praise

1. The Lord is high above all nations (Psa_113:4).
2. His glory is above the heavens.
3. He is greater than all others (Psa_113:5).
4. He condescends to see things in the heavens (Psa_113:6).
5. He even condescends to see the corrupt conditions of the earth.
6. He raises up the poor (Psa_113:7).
7. He lifts up the needy.
8. He exalts them among princes (Psa_113:8).
9. He makes the barren woman to keep house (Psa_113:9).
10. He makes the barren to become the mother of children.

(Psa 113:6) Who humbles Himself to regard the heavens and the earth! (1)
(Dake)
Psa 113:6
a

[humbleth] Hebrew: shaphel (H8213), to lower one's self; to be humbled (Psa_113:6; Isa_2:9; Isa_2:11; Isa_5:15; Isa_10:33; Jer_13:18).
God is so great, glorious, and exalted that it is a wonder He lowers Himself to be interested in the material heavens and earth, especially in
sinful, depraved rebels. But He loves and does good to them all, not willing that any man should perish, but that all should be saved
(1Ti_2:4; 2Pe_3:9; Rev_22:17).

(Psa 115:16) The heavens are the Lord's heavens, but the earth has He given to the children of men.
(Psa 119:89) Forever, O Lord, Your word is settled in heaven [stands firm as the heavens]. (15)

(Dake)
Psa 119:89
a

[thy word is settled in heaven] God's Word is eternal. Its plan for man is eternal. It is already settled in heaven and will be carried out
on earth to the letter. This is why we may know in infinite detail the program of God from eternity past into all eternity future (Act_15:18;
Eph_2:7; Eph_3:11). See notes on Rev. 20-22.

[settled in heaven] Stands fast without change, as the plan of God for man is declared to be (Mat_24:35; Mar_13:31; Luk_21:33;
1Pe_1:23-25).

Thirty Limitations of God

1. He cannot break His own laws (Psa_119:89).
2. He cannot lie (Heb_6:17-19).
3. He cannot deny Himself (2Ti_2:13).
4. He cannot have respect of persons (Rom_2:11; Jam_2:9-10).
5. He cannot save one soul apart from grace and faith in Christ (Rom_3:26; Joh_3:16).
6. He cannot be unrighteous (Rom_9:14).
7. He cannot bless men apart from faith (Heb_11:6; Jam_1:5-8).
8. He cannot curse men when they meet His terms (1Jn_1:9).
9. He cannot do away with or change His own eternal plan (Act_15:18; Eph_2:7; Eph_3:11).
10. He cannot save rebels who persist in rebellion, refusing to meet His terms (Pro_1:22-33; Pro_29:1; Mat_18:3; Joh_3:3; Joh_3:5).
11. He cannot be tempted with evil (Jam_1:13-15).
12. He cannot tolerate hypocrisy (Isa_1:13).
13. He cannot spare Himself or Christ in the redemption of the human race from eternal hell (Mat_27:42).
14. He cannot turn down one soul that comes to Him according to His terms (Joh_6:37).
15. He cannot judge the righteous with the wicked (Gen_19:22; Rev_20:5-6; Rev_20:11-15).
16. He cannot fail to answer prayer when unwavering faith is exercised (Mat_17:20; Mat_21:22; Mar_11:22-24; Joh_14:12-15; Joh_15:7;
Joh_15:16; Joh_16:23-26; Heb_11:6; Jam_1:5-8).
17. He cannot forgive one unconfessed sin (Luk_13:1-5; 1Jn_1:9).
18. He cannot keep one saved who lives in sin (Rom_8:12-13; Gal_5:19-21; Gal_6:7-8).
19. He cannot automatically cancel the death penalty when people sin and incur that penalty (Eze_18:4; Romans 16-23; Rom_8:1-13).
20. He cannot do away with free moral agency and moral responsibility (Rom_6:16-23; Rom_8:1-13; Gal_5:19-21; 1Jn_1:7).
21. He cannot make one a slave to Himself so that he can never go back into sin if he chooses (Rom_6:16-23; Rom_8:1-13; Heb_6:4-9;
Heb_10:26-29; 1Jn_1:7).
22. He cannot guarantee that every saved man will continue in Christ (Joh_15:1-8; Rom_6:16-23; Rom_8:12-13; 1Co_3:16-17; 1Co_6:19-20;
1Co_9:27; Gal_1:6-8; Gal_5:4; Exo_32:32-33; Eze_33:12-20).
23. He cannot make any man a son of God in the same sense Jesus is (Joh_1:18; Joh_3:16; Rom_8:14-16).
24. He cannot look upon the sins of the saved as being unreal, or deal with them on a different basis from those of the unsaved (Rom_6:16-23;
Rom_8:12-13; 1Co_6:9-11; Gal_5:19-21; Gal_6:7-8).

25. He cannot cancel any reaping for what is sown (Rom_8:12-13; Gal_6:7-8).
26. He cannot force a man to serve Him against his own will (Joh_3:16; Joh_7:17; Joh_8:34; 1Ti_2:4; 2Pe_3:9; 1Jn_1:7; Rev_22:17).
27. He cannot recognize any man as His child or His servant who serves sin and the devil (Mat_6:24; Rom_6:16-23; Rom_8:1-13; 1Co_3:1617; Gal_5:19-21; 1Jn_3:8-10).
28. He cannot keep the saved from sin if he choses to go back into sin (Rom_6:16-23; Rom_8:1-13; 1Co_3:16-17; 1Co_6:9-10; 1Co_6:19-20;
Heb_6:4-9; Heb_10:26-29; Jam_5:19-20; 1Jn_2:1-2; Eze_33:12-20).
29. He cannot keep one from incurring the death penalty should he go back into sin (Exo_32:32-33; Eze_18:4; Eze_33:12-20; Rom_6:16-23;
Rom_8:12-13; 1Co_6:9-10; Gal_5:19-21; Gal_6:7-8; Heb_6:4-9; Heb_10:26-29; Jam_5:19-20).
30. He cannot be lenient with any who sin or encourage anarchy in moral government (Gen_2:17; Eze_18:4; Eze_33:12-20; Rom_1:18-31;
Rom_5:12-21; Rom_6:16-23; Rom_8:1-13; Gal_5:19-21; Gal_6:7-8; Jam_5:19-20).

(Psa 135:6) Whatever the Lord pleases, that has He done in the heavens and on earth, in the seas
and all deeps-(Psa 136:5) To Him Who by wisdom and understanding made the heavens, for His mercy and
loving-kindness endure forever;
(Psa 144:5) Bow Your heavens, O Lord, and come down; touch the mountains, and they shall
smoke.
(Dake)
Psa 144:5
a

[Bow thy heavens, O LORD, and come down: touch the mountains, and they shall smoke]

Ten Requests of David in Psalm 144

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Bow Your heavens (Psa_144:5).

Come down from heaven.
Touch the mountains.
Cast forth lightning (Psa_144:6).
Scatter them (enemies of Psa_144:2; Psa_144:7-8; Psa_144:11).
Shoot out Your arrows.
Destroy them (enemies of Psa_144:2; Psa_144:7-8; Psa_144:11).
Send Your hand from above (Psa_144:7).

9. Rid me of enemies (Psa_144:2; Psa_144:7-8; Psa_144:11).

10. Deliver me out of their hand (Psa_144:7-8).

(Psa 147:8) Who covers the heavens with clouds, Who prepares rain for the earth, Who makes grass
to grow on the mountains.
(Dake)
Psa 147:8
a

[Who covereth the heaven with clouds, who prepareth rain for the earth ...] Psa_147:8-9 deal with the providential
management of the earth. God made laws to regulate all creations and these ordinances are eternal. They will always operate as intended
unless tampered with by free moral agents. Just as man tampers with making rain, so Satan and spirit forces sometimes cause the elements
to act contrary to their normal laws (Job_1:6-22; Eph_2:2).

[maketh grass to grow upon the mountains] The Vulgate, Septuagint, Arabic, and Anglo-Saxon versions add, "and green herb for the
service of men."

(Psa 148:1) PRAISE THE Lord! Praise the Lord from the heavens, praise Him in the heights!
(Dake)
Psa 148:1
a

[Praise ye the LORD] Hebrew: halal (H1984) Jaah (H3050), praise you JAH (note, Psa_104:35).

[Praise ye the LORD from the heavens: praise him in the heights]

Eleven Admonitions in Psalm 148

1.
2.
3.
4.

Praise you the Lord (Psa_148:1).

Praise from the heavens.
Praise Him in the heights.
Praise Him all His angels (Psa_148:2).

5. Praise Him all His hosts.

6. Praise Him, sun (Psa_148:3).
7. Praise Him, moon.
8. Praise Him, all stars of light.
9. Praise Him, heavens of heavens (Psa_148:4).
10. Praise Him, waters above the heavens.
11. Let them praise His name (Psa_148:5).
Note the nine things that are to praise God in the above admonitions.

(Psa 148:4) Praise Him, you highest heavens and you waters above the heavens!
(Psa 150:1) PRAISE THE Lord! Praise God in His sanctuary; praise Him in the heavens of His
power!
(Dake)
Psa 150:1
a

[Praise God in his sanctuary: praise him in the firmament of his power] Two places to praise God:

1. In His sanctuary on earth (Psa_150:1; Eze_43:7; Zec_6:12-13)

2. In the firmament (heaven, Gen_1:8) of His power (Psa_150:1; Rev_19:1-10)

(Pro 3:19) The Lord by skillful and godly Wisdom has founded the earth; by understanding He has established the heavens. (9)
(Dake)
Pro 3:19
a

[The LORD by wisdom hath founded the earth] Here wisdom is taken for the infinite knowledge and skill of God whereby everything
in creation has been made and maintained. The composition and structure of all creation has not been changed.

(Pro 8:27) When He prepared the heavens, I [Wisdom] was there; when He drew a circle upon the
face of the deep and stretched out the firmament over it,
(Dake)
Pro 8:27
a

[When he prepared the heavens, I was there] This was before the creation of the earth (Gen_1:1; Job_38:4-7).

[compass] A circle or vault.

(Pro 23:5) Will you set your eyes upon wealth, when [suddenly] it is gone? For riches certainly
make themselves wings, like an eagle that flies toward the heavens.
(Dake)
Pro 23:5
a

[Wilt thou set thine eyes upon that which is not?] Question 22. Next, Pro_23:29. Do not make any temporary thing an objective of
life.

(Pro 25:3) As the heavens for height and the earth for depth, so the hearts and minds of kings are
unsearchable.
(Dake)
Pro 25:3
a

[The heaven for height, and the earth for depth, and the heart of kings is unsearchable] The average subjects of a king can no
more understand all the workings of the heart of their king than they can understand the height of heaven and the depth of the earth.

NO REF IN ECCL

NO REF IN S o SOL
(Isa 1:2) Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth! For the Lord has spoken: I have nourished and brought up sons and have made them great and
exalted, but they have rebelled against Me and broken away from Me.
(Dake)
Isa 1:2
a

[Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth] Isaiah begins like the Song of Moses (Deu_32:1) and is a fitting sequel and commentary on
this prophetic song.

[for the LORD hath spoken] Heaven and earth are commanded to hear, for Jehovah, not Isaiah, has spoken. All celestial and terrestrial
beings are called upon to witness to the divine plea and sanction the justice of God in His case against Judah and Jerusalem (Isa_1:2-23; cp.
Deu_30:19; Psa_50:3-6; Mic_6:1-2).

Tenfold Case against Judah

1. Rebellion (Isa_1:2; Isa_30:1; Isa_31:1; Romans 10-11)
2. Ignorance (Isa_1:3; Rom_10:1)
3. Seven sins (Isa_1:4; see Israel)
4. Threefold moral state (Isa_1:5-6; Romans 1)
5. Ruin and weakness (Isa_1:7-8; Act_15:16)
6. Only a remnant saved (Isa_1:9; Rom_11:5)
7. Twelvefold hypocrisy (Isa_1:10-15; Matthew 23)
8. God's ten demands (Isa_1:16-18)
9. Conditional blessings (Isa_1:19-20)
10. Tenfold state and cause (Isa_1:21-23)
c

[I have nourished and brought up children] Two things God has done:

1. Nourished children; trained them as a son from infancy (cp. Ezekiel 16)
2. Brought up children. Men were born again in O.T. times (Deu_14:1; Deu_32:6; Deu_32:18; Gal_3:6-9; Gal_4:29)
d

[they have rebelled against me] This shows the total lack of appreciation of blessings by Israel.

[rebelled] Hebrew: pasha' (H6586), revolt; rebellion; sin against lawful authority.

(Isa 13:5) They come from a distant country, from the uttermost part of the heavens [the far east]-even the Lord and the weapons of His indignation--to seize and destroy the whole land. (1)
(Dake)
Isa 13:5
a

[from the end of heaven] This could refer to far places of the earth, as in Mat_24:31, but since other statements could not refer to earth
it is better to understand this literally as meaning the army will come from heaven (Zec_14:5; Mat_24:29-30; Mat_25:31; 2Th_1:7-10;
Jud_1:14-15; Rev_19:11-21).

[the LORD] This emphasizes the fact that the Lord is coming from heaven, so the army referred to here must be the army of heaven.

[the weapons of his indignation] This refers to the saints and angels that will come with the Lord from heaven with their weapons to
destroy the whole land. What kind of weapons they will have is not fully revealed, but it is known that angels do kill with swords (Jos_5:13;
1Ch_21:16). See other ways that the armies of Antichrist will be killed (Eze_38:17-21; Zec_14:12-14; 2Th_2:8; Rev_11:11-21).

[the whole land] "The whole land" refers to the destruction of much of the land of Palestine. The term is used of the destruction by
Nebuchadnezzar (Jer_4:20; Jer_4:27; Jer_12:11; Jer_25:11), and there could be a much greater one in the future battle of Armageddon.

(Isa 13:10) For the stars of the heavens and their constellations will not give their light; the sun will
be darkened at its rising and the moon will not shed its light.
(Dake)
Isa 13:10
a

[For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the son shall be darkened in his going
forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine] See Isa_34:4; Eze_32:7-8; Joe_2:2; Joe_2:31; Joe_3:15; Amo_8:9;
Mat_24:29-30.

[constellations] Hebrew: keciyl (H3685), translated constellations (Isa_13:10); and Orion (Job_9:9; Job_38:31; Amo_5:8).

(Isa 13:13) Therefore I will make the heavens tremble; and the [2] earth shall be shaken out of its
place at the wrath of the Lord of hosts in the day of His fierce anger.
(Dake)
Isa 13:13
a

[shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of her place] Although this particularly refers to the second coming when the
day of the Lord begins (Isa_13:6; Isa_13:9-10; Isa_13:14), the heavens will be affected at least five times during the future tribulation (note,
Rev_6:12).

(Isa 24:4) The land and the earth mourn and wither, the world languishes and withers, the high
ones of the people [and the heavens with the earth] languish.
(Isa 24:18) And he who flees at the noise of the terror will fall into the pit; and he who comes up out
of the pit will be caught in the snare. For the windows of the heavens are opened [as in the deluge],
and the foundations of the earth tremble and shake.
(Dake)
Isa 24:18
a

[he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare] Sometimes particularly powerful animals would spring
out of a pit and have to be caught again by a snare.

[for the windows from on high are open] This explains the supernatural source of the calamities coming upon men in the future days
of the tribulation. They will come from heaven (Rev_6:12-18:24; Rev_19:1-10).

[foundations of the earth do shake]

Foundations of the Earth

Foundations of the earth is literal, not figurative, as seems clear from many places where the term is found (Isa_24:18; Isa_40:21; Isa_51:1316; Deu_32:33; 2Sa_22:16; Job_38:4-6; Psa_18:7; Psa_18:15; Psa_82:5; Psa_104:5; Pro_8:29; Jer_31:37; Mic_6:2). In the future
tribulation the great earthquakes will move mountains, islands, continents, and destroy whole cities (Rev_6:12-17; Rev_11:13; Rev_16:17-21;
Zec_14:4). The result of these, especially the earthquake of Rev_16:17-21; Zec_14:4, is described in Isa_24:19-20.

Eightfold Judgment on the Earth:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

It shall be broken down (Isa_24:19).

It shall be clean dissolved.
It will be moved exceedingly.
It will reel to and fro like a drunkard (Isa_24:20).
It will be moved like a cottage.
It will have heavy transgressions weighing it down.
It shall fall.
It shall not rise again.

(Isa 34:4) All the host of the heavens shall be dissolved and crumble away, and the skies shall be
rolled together like a scroll; and all their host [the stars and the planets] shall drop like a faded leaf
from the vine, and like a withered fig from the fig tree.(1)
(Dake)
Isa 34:4
a

[all the host of heaven shall be dissolved, and the heavens shall be rolled together] This verse refers to the rolling together of
the clouds and their moving on as if they had dissolved and passed away, and to the falling of meteors like leaves and figs-something like
that under the sixth seal (Rev_6:12-17, notes). Stars or meteors will fall also at the second coming of Christ (Mat_24:29-31; Rev_16:17-21).

[dissolved] Hebrew: maqaq (H4743), to melt; flow; vanish; dissolve; pine away.

[scroll]

Ancient Scrolls
Parchment books were rolled on two sticks or cylinders-one for each end of the scroll. A scroll containing the Pentateuch (except Leviticus
and part of Deuteronomy) in the library at Cambridge, England, is said to be 48 ft. long and 22 in. wide. Originally it must have been 90 ft.
long. Consisting of 37 different goat skins dyed red, it contains 117 columns of writing 4 in. wide, each 40-50 lines. The Samaritan
Pentateuch, one of the oldest MSS we know of, consists of 21 skins, each having 5-6 columns 13 in. high and 71/2 in. wide with 70-72 lines.
The entire scroll has 110 columns. Scrolls were generally encased in a protective cover on which the title was written. Such books are often
referred to in Scripture as scrolls (Isa_34:4; Rev_6:14) or rolls (Isa_8:1; Ezr_6:1-2; Jer_36:2-32; Eze_2:9; Eze_3:1-3; Zec_5:1-2).
d

[host shall fall down] Stars or meteors (Mat_24:29-31; Mar_13:25; Rev_6:12-17).

(Isa 40:12) Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, marked off the heavens with a
[nine-inch] span, enclosed the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales
and the hills in a balance?
(Dake)
Isa 40:12
a

[Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the
dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance? Who hath directed the
Spirit of the LORD, or being his counsellor hath taught him? With whom took he counsel, and who instructed him, and
taught him in the path of judgment, and taught him knowledge, and shewed to him the way of understanding?] Questions
82-84. Next, Isa_40:18.

Forty-six Facts about God

1. He has measured the waters (Isa_40:12).
2. He measured the heavens with the span.
3. He measured the dust of the earth.
4. He weighed the mountains and hills.
5. He does not need to be taught (Isa_40:13).
6. He does not need counseling.
7. He does not need to be instructed (Isa_40:14).
8. He does not need to be taught in judgment.
9. He does not need to be taught knowledge.
10. He is so great and infinite that the nations are but a drop in the bucket, a small dust on the balance; the islands are but a very small thing
(Isa_40:15).
11. All the cedars of Lebanon are not sufficient for the burning of beasts as a burnt offering to make atonement before Him for sin
(Isa_40:16).
12. All nations are as nothing before Him, even less than nothing (Isa_40:17).
13. No living person could be like Him in greatness and power (Isa_40:18).
14. No lifeless idol could even be compared to Him (Isa_40:18-20; Isa_40:25).
15. He has been revealed and declared to men from the very beginning (Isa_40:21).
16. He sits on the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants of earth are as powerless as grasshoppers before Him (Isa_40:22).
17. He moves the heavens as one would move a curtain back and forth.
18. He spreads out the heavens as one would pitch a tent for himself.
19. He brings the plans and works of princes to nothing (Isa_40:23).
20. He makes the judges of the earth and their decisions as vanity.

21. He makes man to realize that he is only temporary on earth (Isa_40:24).

22. He made the law of death to take man away like grass and stubble.
23. He created all things (Isa_40:26).
24. He knows the number of all created things.
25. He knows them all by name.
26. He is strong in power.
27. He upholds all things so that nothing fails of its creative purpose.
28. Nothing is hidden from Him (Isa_40:27).
29. He is eternal God, Jehovah, the Creator of the ends of the earth (Isa_40:28).
30. He does not faint.
31. He does not grow weary.
32. He is omniscient.
33. He gives power to the faint (Isa_40:29).
34. He increases strength to the weak.
35. He renews the strength of all who wait upon Him, so they aren't bowed down, weary, or faint (Isa_40:30-31).
36. He demands silence, so that people may wait upon Him for strength.
37. He invites those who wait upon Him for strength to speak to Him, and come near to receive justice and judgment.
38. He raised up Cyrus the Persian to conquer nations and let His people go back to Palestine (Isa_41:2-3; Isa_41:25).
39. He had made a plan and revealed His purpose mto men from the very beginning (Isa_41:4).
40. He is the first and the last, and the same from eternity to eternity.
41. He has a chosen servant-Israel, the seed of Abraham, His friend (Isa_41:8-9).
42. He chose Abraham from among the chief men of earth, to be His servant eternally (Isa_41:9).
43. He made many promises to Israel (thirty listed here) that they might know His works and be redeemed and reconciled to Him forever
(Isa_41:10-29).
44. He demands of His chosen people that they reason with Him and show cause for serving other gods (Isa_41:21).
45. He is the King of Jacob.
46. He challenged Israel to prove the worth of their idol gods in prophesying and showing what is to come to pass (Isa_41:22-29).
b

[measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span ...] This may be hyperbole-a figure of
speech wherein more is said than is literally meant. It could however, be literal in the sense of God measuring these things when He
originally brought them into existence. Whether literal or figurative, this expresses God's greatness in contrast with the idols which Israel
served at various times (Isa_40:12-19; Job_28:25; Job_30:4).

(Isa 40:22) It is God Who sits above the circle (the horizon) of the earth, and its inhabitants are like
grasshoppers; it is He Who stretches out the heavens like [gauze] curtains and spreads them out
like a tent to dwell in,

(Dake)
Isa 40:22
a

[he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers] The idea is that God sits so far
above the round earth that men look like mere grasshoppers or locusts. This is a striking illustration of man's insignificance as God sees
him from the heavens. Man appears as a busy, agitated, raging multitude spread over the earth like bands of locusts over the plains of the
East.

[circle] Hebrew: chuwg (H2329). Translated "circle" (Isa_40:22); "circuit" (Job_22:14); and "compass" (Psa_8:27). This word revealed
that the earth was round, long before men generally accepted it.

[curtain]

Thin Curtain
Hebrew: doq (H1852), something crumbling; fine, as a thin cloth; curtain (Isa_40:22). This may refer to the ozone layer. The sun gives off
various kinds of violet rays-some deadly, some beneficial. We are shielded from at least 8 harmful rays by a layer of ozone about 1/8 in. thick.
This seems to be the proper thickness to allow beneficial rays to come through while protecting us from destructive ones. If this curtain were
removed, life on earth would come to an end, for the harmful rays would blind, blister, and kill. If it were thicker it would prevent the needful
rays from coming through, and life would perish. At an altitude of 8 miles the atmosphere is -67 degrees F, but at 30 miles it is +170 degrees
F. We are shielded from a constant barrage of meteors from space, the majority of which burn up before reaching earth. Billions of meteoric
bodies are said to invade the atmosphere each day to be destroyed by friction; and about 100,000 tons of star dust falls to the earth each year.
Dust in the atmosphere, along with reflection from the sun, contributes to the makeup of light, rain, and snow. Otherwise the heavens would
be black; even now they are black 17 miles up, with a luminous glow below. The protective covering of ozone is about 40 miles up. We live at
the very bottom of an ocean of air which provides us with life-giving oxygen; and the atmosphere is a perfect blanket or curtain of insulation
against both heat and cold. It prevents the rapid escape of heat and keeps us from freezing; and it also acts as a great reservoir and distributer
of heat and light from the sun. Thus, God has adjusted earth, atmosphere and the heavens to sustain life.

(Isa 42:5) Thus says God the Lord--He Who created the heavens and stretched them forth, He Who
spread abroad the earth and that which comes out of it, He Who gives breath to the people on it and
spirit to those who walk in it:
(Dake)
Isa 42:5
a

[created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that

giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein] Six creative acts of God:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

He created the heavens.

Stretched them out.
Spread forth the earth.
Created that which comes out of the earth.
Gave breath to all living creatures.
Gave spirit to all living creatures.

[heavens] See Isa_45:18; Gen_1:1; Rev_10:6.

[stretched them out] See Isa_45:12; Isa_51:13; Jer_10:12; Jer_51:15.

[spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it] See Isa_40:22; Isa_44:24; Job_9:8.

[breath unto the people upon it] This proves that breath and spirit are not the same (Job_12:10; Job_34:14; Act_17:25). See The
Doctrine of Man.

[spirit to them that walk therein] God gave man power to reproduce his own kind-body, soul, and spirit (Gen_1:26-28; Gen_5:3).

(Isa 44:23) Sing, O heavens, for the Lord has done it; shout, you depths of the earth; break forth
into singing, you mountains, O forest and every tree in it! For the Lord has redeemed Jacob, and He
glorifies Himself in Israel.
(Dake)
Isa 44:23
a

[Sing, O ye heavens; for the LORD hath done it: shout, ye lower parts of the earth: break forth into singing, ye
mountains, O forest and every tree therein] Four realms to rejoice and sing:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Sing, you heavens.

Shout, you lower parts of the earth.
Break forth into singing, you mountains.
Break forth into singing, you forest and all the trees therein.

(Isa 44:24) Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, and He Who formed you from the womb: I am the
Lord, Who made all things, Who alone stretched out the heavens, Who spread out the earth by
Myself [who was with Me]?-(Dake)
Isa 44:24
a

[Redeemer] Four great names of God:

1. Redeemer (Isa_44:6; Isa_44:24; Isa_41:14; Isa_43:14; Isa_47:4; Isa_48:17; Isa_49:7; Isa_49:26; Isa_54:5; Isa_54:8; Isa_59:20;
Isa_60:16; Isa_63:16; Job_19:25; Psa_19:14; Psa_78:35; Pro_23:11; Jer_50:34)
2. Creator (Isa_44:24; Isa_40:28; Isa_43:15; Ecc_12:1; Rom_1:25; 1Pe_4:19)
3. Maker (Isa_44:24; Isa_17:7; Isa_45:9; Isa_45:11; Isa_51:13; Isa_54:4; Job_4:17; Job_32:22; Job_35:10; Job_36:3; Psa_95:6; Pro_14:31;
Pro_17:5; Pro_22:2; Jer_33:2; Hos_8:14; Heb_11:10)
4. Jehovah (Isa_44:24-28; Isa_45:1-5)
b

[formed thee from the womb, I am the LORD that makth all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that
spreadeth abroad the earth by myself] Four great works of God in the past:

1.
2.
3.
4.

He formed Israel from the womb.

He made all things.
He stretched out the heavens.
He spread abroad the earth.

(Isa 45:8) Let fall in showers, you heavens, from above, and let the skies rain down righteousness
[the pure, spiritual, heaven-born possibilities that have their foundation in the holy being of God];
let the earth open, and let them [skies and earth] sprout forth salvation, and let righteousness
germinate and spring up [as plants do] together; I the Lord have created it.
(Dake)
Isa 45:8
a

[Drop down, ye heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down righteousness: let the earth open, and let them bring
forth salvation, and let righteousness spring up together; I the LORD have created it] The 55th prophecy in Isaiah (Isa_45:8,

unfulfilled). Next, Isa_45:13. Three predictions-unfulfilled:

1. There will come righteousness from heaven like dew and rain from above (Psa_85:11-12)
2. Salvation will abound among men as fruit from a fertile earth when dew and rain fall upon it
3. Righteousness will spring up among people with the salvation that is so common throughout the earth

(Isa 45:12) I made the earth and created man upon it. I, with My hands, stretched out the heavens,
and I commanded all their host.
(Dake)
Isa 45:12
a

[I have made the earth, and created man upon it: I, even my hands, have stretched out the heavens, and all their host
have I commanded]

Ten Acts of God

1. He made the earth (Isa_45:12).
2. He created man upon it.
3. He stretched out the heavens.
4. He commanded all the host of them.
5. He raised up Cyrus (Isa_45:13).
6. He created the heavens.
7. He formed the earth (Isa_45:18).
8. He established the earth.
9. He created it not in vain (Hebrew: tohuw (H8414), empty).
10. He formed it to be inhabited.

(Isa 45:18) For thus says the Lord--Who created the heavens, God Himself, Who formed the earth
and made it, Who established it and did not create it to be a worthless waste; He formed it to be
inhabited--I am the Lord, and there is no one else.
(Dake)

Isa 45:18
a

[not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited] This states God's true purpose in creating the earth. He did not create it in vain (Hebrew:
tohuw (H8414), empty, waste; desolation; wilderness). If it became tohuw (and was in Gen_1:2; Jer_4:23 is translated "without form") it
must have been made with inhabitants in the first place, becoming empty after that. See The Pre-Adamite World.

(Isa 48:13) Yes, My hand has laid the foundation of the earth, and My right hand has spread out the
heavens; when I call to them, they stand forth together [to execute My decrees].
(Dake)
Isa 48:13
a

[Mine hand also hath laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand hath spanned the heavens: when I call unto
them, they stand up together] Three great works of God:

1. Laid the foundation of the earth.

2. Spanned the heavens with His right hand.
3. Sustains all things by His Word (Heb_1:3).

(Isa 49:13) Sing for joy, O heavens, and be joyful, O earth, and break forth into singing, O
mountains! For the Lord has comforted His people and will have compassion upon His afflicted.
(Dake)
Isa 49:13
a

[Sing, O heavens; and be joyful, O earth; and break forth into singing, O mountains]

Heaven and Earth Sing

The heavens, earth, and mountains were commanded to sing and rejoice because the Lord had returned to His people, gathered them,
comforted them, and would have mercy on them (Isa_49:13). This could not refer to the past, but to the days of the Messiah when Palestine

will be blessed with fertility and be overcrowded with generations to come (Isa_49:14-26). Zion, not the ten tribes, complained that God had
forsaken and forgotten them, but they were assured by Him that such was as impossible as a normal woman forsaking her nursing child.
Even if it were possible, He would not forget Zion (Isa_49:14-15), for as He said, "I have graven you upon the palms of My hands: your walls
are continually before Me" (Isa_49:16). After giving this assurance God predicted final and eternal restoration (Isa_49:17-26).

(Isa 50:3) I clothe the heavens with [the] blackness [of murky storm clouds], and I make sackcloth
[of mourning] their covering.
(Isa 51:6) Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look upon the earth beneath; for the heavens shall
be dissolved and vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, and they that
dwell therein shall die in like manner [like gnats]. But My salvation shall be forever, and My
rightness and justice [and faithfully fulfilled promise] shall not be abolished. (1)
(Dake)
Isa 51:6
a

[Lift up your eyes to the heavens] See the 22 commands under The 65th Prophecy in Isaiah.

[look upon the earth beneath] Four look's in Isa_51:1. Look to the rock whence you are hewn, and to the hole of the pit whence you
are digged (Isa_51:1).
2. Look to Abraham and Sarah (Isa_51:2).
3. Look to the heavens (Isa_51:6).
4. Look to the earth beneath.
c

[for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, and they that dwell therein
shall die in like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness shall not be abolished]

Three Great Comparisons

1. The heavens shall vanish away like smoke.
2. The earth shall wax old like a garment.
3. Men on earth shall die in like manner: but My salvation shall be forever, and My righteousness shall not be abolished.
The whole creation, in comparison with the eternity and incorruptibility of the salvation and righteousness of God, will wax old, vanish, and
die. The idea is the same as that expressed by Jesus Christ when He said heaven and earth shall pass away (be changed), but "My words shall
not pass away" (see Pass Away). The atmospheric heavens or the clouds will vanish away like smoke, as clouds come and go; the earth will wax
old like a garment; and men will pass from this life to another one-but there will never be the slightest change in salvation and righteousness.

Salvation will always be the same and accomplish the same in all ages in all men; and righteousness will always be right (Isa_51:6; Heb_1:1012, notes). It would be easier for material creations to change than for right to become wrong, and salvation not to bring deliverance.

(Isa 51:13) That you should forget the Lord your Maker, Who stretched forth the heavens and laid
the foundations of the earth, and fear continually every day because of the fury of the oppressor,
when he makes ready to destroy or even though he did so? And where is the fury of the oppressor?
(Isa 51:16) And I have put My words in your mouth and have covered you with the shadow of My
hand, that I may fix the [new] heavens as a tabernacle and lay the foundations of a [new] earth and
say to Zion, You are My people.(4)
(Dake)
Isa 51:16
a

[put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand] See Isa_55:10-11; Isa_59:20-21.

[Thou art my people] This is definitely a prediction for the Millennium when Israel will become converted under the Messiah (Isa_52:7;
Isa_59:20-21; Isa_66:7-8; Zec_12:10-14; Zec_13:1; Mat_23:37-39; Rom_11:25-29).

(Isa 55:9) For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are My ways higher than your ways and
My thoughts than your thoughts.
(Dake)
Isa 55:9
a

[as the heavens are higher than the earth] Two comparisons:

1. Heavens higher than earth, so God's ways above our ways and His thoughts above our thoughts
2. As rain and snow water the earth, making it fruitful, so God's Word will accomplish its purpose (Isa_55:10-11)
b

[so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts]

God's Ways and Thoughts

This idea of God's ways and thoughts being higher than man's is connected with the idea of pardon from God (Isa_55:6-9).
Six Aspects-His Ways and Thoughts Higher:
1. In pardon. People never would have planned pardon for enemies, as God did. Human beings seek revenge on all such and harbor malice
and hatred, whereas God planned redemption and untold glories for His enemies (Joh_3:16; Rom_5:8).
2. In number of offenses. Under favorable and special circumstances people forgive a few times, but they are prone not to forgive after
repeated offenses. God forgives freely many times and as completely and lovingly the last time as the first (Mat_12:31; Mat_18:21-22;
1Jn_1:9).
3. In number of offenders. People may pardon one person or a few who injure them, but the greater the number the less they are inclined to
forgive. God forgives all, regardless of the number of offenders (Joh_3:16; 1Ti_2:4; 2Pe_3:9; Rev_22:17).
4. In kinds of offenses. People usually limit themselves as to what kind of offenses they will forgive, but God has no qualifications on this
point, except the offense of rejecting the only means of help He can offer (Mat_12:31-32).
5. In degree of offenses. Men will forgive if an offense is small enough not to be of any great injury to them; but God will forgive the greatest
and most aggravated offense against Him (Isaiah 53, notes; Joh_3:16).
6. In mode of pardon. Men may be willing to forgive if it does not cost them much, and they can see that such is to their advantage; but God
gave the most precious gift of heaven that He might have a basis of forgiveness for His enemies. God redeems on the basis of personal
suffering and having substituted Himself to be punished instead of His enemies. He forgives by the very One whom men sought to destroy,
the One made to endure the most horrible sufferings ever laid upon a human being. He blesses by faith in the blood atonement and the
death of an innocent Person. Man would have punished the guilty and satisfied justice; but God punished the innocent to justify the guilty.
In fact the whole program of reconciling enemies to God is on such a high level that men never could have planned it.
Thirty Examples of Higher Ways:
1. Living and acting on faith regarding what is not seen, even what seems impossible to be true, while man lives by what he sees and
understands is possible (Heb_10:38-39).
2. God plans for eternity; man plans only for time.
3. God deals in the spiritual; man deals in the material.
4. God consecrates Himself to the highest good of all; man is dedicated only to self-gratification.
5. God works in miraculous and mysterious ways; man works only in ordinary ways.
6. God's ways are supernatural; man's are only natural.
7. God's ways are unlimited; man's ways are limited.
8. God exalts through humility; man exalts through self-exaltation.
9. God's way up is down; man's is to climb up without going down (humbling self) first.
10. God controls by love; man controls by force.
11. God gives justice without reward; man gives it for reward and personal gain.
12. God wins respect by goodness; man wins "respect" by wealth and power.
13. God redeems by death; man redeems by money.
14. God's program is carried on without outward show; man's agenda by show and splendor.
15. God's way is to take no thought for the morrow; man's way is made up of constant worry, planning, and fretting.
16. God's way is to give alms, pray, and fast in secret-not to be seen of men; man's way is by public demonstration.

17. God's way is to bring peace on earth by man's personal surrender; man's way is by force of arms and conquest.
18. God's healing is through the Savior's sufferings and death; man's healing is by remedies.
19. God's way of social life is to make feasts for the poor, lame, maimed, and outcast (Luk_14:12-15); man's way is to make them for friends
who are well-provided for-the rich, and influential.
20. God's way is to put away grudges and all bitterness (Heb_12:15); man's way is to hold them and seek revenge.
21. God's way is not to take a matter between brethren to law (1 Cor. 6); man's way is to do this.
22. God's way is to lend, expecting nothing in return (Mat_5:42; Luk_6:30-38); man's way is not to lend without security and gain.
23. God's way is to judge not (Mat_7:1-5; Luk_6:37); man's way is to judge.
24. God's way is to do unto others as one would wish to be done unto (Mat_7:12); man's way is to take advantage of others regardless of the
outcome.
25. God's way is to rejoice and glory in persecution and trouble (Mat_5:10-12; Rom_5:1-5); man's way is to fight back, resent, and take
revenge.
26. God's way is to be kind to enemies, and feed them (Mat_5:44-46; Rom_12:20); man's way is to show hatred and repay them for their
wrongdoing.
27. God's way is to be friendly with the lowest and all other classes (Mat_9:10-13); man's way is to show partiality, preferring those who can
return them personal again.
28. God's way is to forgive 490 times (Mat_18:21); man's way is to forgive a few times, and only when necessary.
29. God's way is not to boast or seek His own things (1 Cor. 13); man's way is to brag and seek things for self.
30. God's way is to labor and give to others (Eph_4:28); man's way to labor for self only, and ignore others. God's ways, thoughts, purposes,
and acts are, generally speaking, different from those of man. His plan of creation and redemption are different from what man's would
have been, as well as His way of government. Truly, just as the heavens are infinitely higher than the earth, so God's ways and thoughts
are above man's (cp. Psa_57:10; Psa_89:2; Psa_103:11).

(Isa 55:10) For as the rain and snow come down from the heavens, and return not there again, but
water the earth and make it bring forth and sprout, that it may give seed to the sower and bread to
the eater,(4)
(Dake)
Isa 55:10
a

[For as the rain cometh down ...] The 69th prophecy in Isaiah (Isa_55:10-13, unfulfilled). Next, Isa_56:1.

The 69th Prophecy in Isaiah

Eight Predictions-Unfulfilled:
1. My Word will not return unto Me void; it will accomplish what it is designed to do (Isa_55:11).

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
b

You will go out with joy (Isa_55:12).

You will be led forth with peace.
Mountains and hills will break forth into singing before you.
All the trees of the field will clap their hands.
Instead of the thorn the fir tree will grow (Isa_55:13).
Instead of the brier the myrtle tree will come up.
These will be eternal things, a sign to glorify Jehovah.

[returneth not thither, but watereth the earth] That is, the rain and snow do not return in this form; in other forms the moisture
returns and then falls again as rain and snow (Psa_135:7; Jer_10:13; Jer_51:16).

(Isa 64:1) OH, THAT You would rend the heavens and that You would come down, that the
mountains might quake and flow down at Your presence-(Dake)
Isa 64:1
a

[Oh that thou wouldest rend the heavens, that thou wouldest come down] This part of the prayer beseeches God to rend the
heavens miraculously, and come down to destroy His enemies as He did in days of old when He brought Israel out of Egypt and when He
caused mount Sinai to be rent (Isa_64:1-3; Exo_19:18).

[flow down at thy presence] Mountains will be moved at the second coming (Zec_14:4; Rev_16:17-20).

(Isa 65:17) For behold, I create [1] new heavens and a new earth. And the former things shall not be
remembered or come into mind.(4)
(Dake)
Isa 65:17
a

[I create new heavens and a new earth; and the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind] Here God declares
that He will create or bring into existence renewed heavens and a renewed earth which will be so wonderful that the present ones will be

forgotten in the glory and blessing that will then be enjoyed on the earth by the eternal society.
b

[new heavens and a new earth] This term, "new heavens and a new earth," is found only four times in Scripture, being used twice by
Isaiah (Isa_65:17; Isa_66:22-24), once by Peter (2Pe_3:10-13), and once by John (in Rev_21:1-27; Rev_22:1-5). Making the heavens and
earth new will be accomplished at the close of the Millennium after all rebellion is put down on earth, all enemies are destroyed, and God
has become all in all again, as before rebellion was started-first by Lucifer and later by Adam (Rom_8:18-25; 1Co_15:24-28; Eph_1:10;
2Pe_3:10-13; Rev. 21-22).

[former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind]

Great Millennial and Eternal Changes

This could not mean that the former heavens and earth will never be recalled in any way whatsoever. The idea is that comparatively speaking,
the new ones will be so wonderful that people will not meditate on, long for, or regret the passing of the old ones. Mentioning the new heavens
and the new earth here as an introduction to a passage about the Millennium (Isa_65:18-25) can be best understood in this light-that God's
program concerning the new heavens and the new earth is His ultimate purpose in the work which he begins in the Millennium.
Fifteen Millennial and Eternal Changes:
1. A new earthly and eternal Jerusalem will be created as the earthly and eternal capital of the whole earth (Isa_65:18; Isa_2:2-4;
Eze_48:30-35; Joe_3:16-20)
2. Eternal Israel (Isa_65:18)
3. Eternal rejoicing of Israel for their eternal city
4. God rejoicing eternally in Jerusalem (Isa_65:19)
5. God rejoicing eternally in Israel
6. Eternal removal of all weeping and crying in Israel and Jerusalem
7. Eternal change in length of life-no more an infant of days nor an old man who will not fill his days (Isa_65:20). Men will live as long as
trees (Isa_65:22) and eternally in natural bodies (Mat_25:46)
8. Change in the appointment of death for the righteous, who will not sin (Isa_65:20; Mat_25:46)
9. Change in the economy-everyone building and possessing his own home, and planting and enjoying his own crops without fear of losing
any through debts (Isa_65:21-22)
10. Removal of the curse of hard labor (Isa_65:23)
11. Eternal change in purpose and production of material goods-nothing will be produced for war and trouble (Isa_65:23; Isa_2:2-4; Micah
4)
12. God's eternal blessing upon all labor and business (Isa_65:23)
13. Eternal change of results in prayer (Isa_65:24)
14. Eternal change of animal natures (Isa_65:25; Isa_11:6-9)
15. Eternal change in society-none to hurt or destroy in all God's kingdom (Isa_65:25)

(Isa 66:22) For as the new [3] heavens and the new earth which I make shall remain before Me, says
the Lord, so shall your offspring and your name remain.
(Dake)
Isa 66:22
a

[new heavens and the new earth] See notes, Isa_65:17.

[shall remain before me ... so shall your seed and your name remain]

Nine Eternal Things

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

The new heavens (Isa_66:22)

The new earth
The seed of Israel
The name of Israel
New moons (Isa_66:23)
Sabbaths
All flesh
Eternal hell and punishment (Isa_66:24)
People being permitted to look on the carcasses of those who have transgressed

(Jer 2:12) Be astonished and appalled, O heavens, at this; be shocked and shrivel up with horror, says the Lord [at the behavior of the people].
(Jer 4:23) [In a vision Jeremiah sees Judah laid waste by conquest and captivity.] I looked at the land, and behold, it was [as at the time of creation]
waste and vacant (void); and at the heavens, and they had no light.
(Dake)
Jer 4:23
a

[I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was without form, and void]

Five Proofs that This Was the Original Earth

1. The only time the earth has ever been "without form, and void" was before the six days of Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25 when it was made
chaos through the fall of Lucifer and the pre-Adamites-when God brought the first great universal flood upon the earth to destroy all life
(Gen_1:2; 2Pe_3:5-7). The statement "without form, and void" means desolate and empty. See Gen_1:2, notes; The Pre-Adamite World.

2. The only time when the sun, moon, and stars of heaven were forbidden to give light on the earth was in the period before the six days of
re-creation, as in Gen_1:2. There had been light on the earth when it was first created-"in the beginning" (Gen_1:1), and there has been
light ever since the first day of Gen_1:3-31; so the period of such darkness took place on the earth sometime after the beginning and before
the restoration to a second habitable state in the six days of Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25. Permanent and eternal laws were given to the sun,
moon, and stars at this time, as proved in Jer_31:35-36; Gen_1:14-19; Psa_72:5; Psa_72:17; Psa_89:35-37.
3. The mountains and hills have been moved and will yet be moved by earthquakes, but there never has been a time since Adam to this day,
nor will there ever be a time from our day into all eternity that the earth has been or will be without a man, bird, or fruitful place, as seen
by Jeremiah, and referred to in Jer_4:25. Therefore, we are required by facts to associate Jer_4:23-26 with the same time as that of
Gen_1:2; and we are made to realize that there were men, birds, and fruitful places on the earth before Adam's time that were destroyed
by the flood of Gen_1:2; 2Pe_3:5-7.
4. The earth was created to be inhabited (Isa_45:18); and it was inhabited from the beginning by man who lived in cities (Jer_4:25-26), by
nations (Isa_14:12-14), and a social system, the members of which were mortal and therefore capable of being drowned (2Pe_3:5-7); they
were beings Adam could replace, for he was commanded to replenish the earth (Gen_1:27-28). It is clear that the earth became desolate
and empty after its original habitation of Gen_1:1. That is, it was cursed as in Gen_1:2, and later restored to a second habitable state and
replenished as in Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25. Therefore, it is only logical to associate Jer_4:23-26 of this book with Gen_1:2 and agree that it
was the original earth referred to in both passages.
5. One thing is certain- Jer_4:23-26 could not apply to the time of Noah, for at that time the heavens had lights, and there were men, birds,
and fruitful places left on the earth after the flood; whereas, in the case of the curse brought upon the original earth, none of these things
remained.
Therefore, if we rightly divide the Word of Truth we should associate Jer_4:23-26 with Gen_1:2 and 2Pe_3:5-6, recognizing that there had
been light, fixed mountains and hills, men, birds, fruitful places, and cities on the earth before this curse, and before Adam and the six-day
work of restoration to a second habitable state as in Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25.
The purpose of God in showing Jeremiah the total destruction of life on the earth in Jer_4:23-26 was to reveal how the land of Judah would
be destroyed, and to make a comparison between the two times. In the original judgment on the whole earth all life had been destroyed, but
in Judah God was to make an exception; He declared He would not make a full end as on the original earth (Jer_4:27).
Eightfold Chaos of the Original Earth:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

It was without form and void (desolate and empty; Jer_4:23).

The heavens gave no light on it.
The mountains trembled (Jer_4:24).
The hills moved lightly.
There was no man (Jer_4:25).
All the birds were fled.
The fruitful places were a wilderness.
The cities were broken down at the presence of the Lord, and by His fierce anger (Jer_4:26).

(Jer 4:28) For this will the earth mourn and the heavens above be black; because I have spoken, I
have purposed, and I will not relent, nor will I turn back [from it].

(Dake)
Jer 4:28
a

[I have purposed it, and will not repent, neither will I turn back from it] This reveals the end of God's mercy and spurned offers
of repentance. He was now determined and would not repent or turn from it.

(Jer 8:7) [Even the migratory birds are punctual to their seasons.] Yes, the stork [excelling in the
great height of her flight] in the heavens knows her appointed times [of migration], and the
turtledove, the swallow, and the crane observe the time of their return. But My people do not know
the law of the Lord [which the lower animals instinctively recognize in so far as it applies to them].
(Dake)
Jer 8:7
a

[the stork in the heaven knoweth her appointed times; and the turtle and the crane and the swallow observe the time of
their coming; but my people know not the judgment of the LORD] All nature is conscious of its natural instincts and yields to
them, but Israel is senseless to recognize that "whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap" (Gal_6:7). All the birds know the time of
their return in the spring, but Israel does not know of the time to return to God to avoid judgment.

(Jer 10:2) Thus says the Lord: Learn not the way of the [heathen] nations and be not dismayed at
the signs of the heavens, though they are dismayed at them,
(Dake)
Jer 10:2
a

[way of the heathen]

Eleven Facts about the Heathen

1. They are dismayed at the signs of heaven (Jer_10:2).
2. They cut down a tree of the forest with an axe (Jer_10:3).

3. They deck it with silver and gold (Jer_10:4).

4. They stand it upright and fasten it with nails, so that it cannot fall over (Jer_10:4-5).
5. They pray to it but it cannot answer them (Jer_10:5). If they want it moved they must move it themselves, for it cannot go.
6. They fear the tree trunk they form into a god which cannot do evil or good (Jer_10:5).
7. They are brutish and foolish (Jer_10:8; Jer_10:14).
8. They teach a doctrine of vanities.
9. They are ignorant (Jer_10:14).
10. They are confounded (Jer_10:14).
11. They are false and erroneous (Jer_10:14-15).
This passage is sometimes taken to refer to the modern Christmas tree, but the truth is that the tree referred to had no branches left on it at
all. This refers to a tree trunk being made into an idol-something carved out of the wood and then covered with silver and gold and set upright
like other pillars or idols. See Asherah.
b

[signs of heaven] These signs were extraordinary appearances, such as eclipses or comets, and they were taken by the heathen as
indications of calamities on earth.

(Jer 10:11) Thus shall you say to them: The gods, who did not make the heavens and the earth, shall
perish from the earth and from under the heavens.
(Jer 10:12) God made the earth by His power; He established the world by His wisdom and by His
understanding and skill stretched out the heavens.
(Jer 10:13) When He utters His voice, there is a tumult of waters in the heavens, and He causes the
vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth. He makes lightnings for the rain and brings forth the
wind out from His treasuries and from His storehouses.
(Jer 14:22) Are there any among the false gods of the nations who can cause rain? Or can the
heavens [of their own will] give showers? Are You [alone] not He, O Lord our God? Therefore we
will wait [expectantly] for You, for You have made all these things [the heavens and the rain].
(Dake)
Jer 14:22
a

[vanities of the Gentiles] I.e, idols.

[all these things] God has made the rain, the heavens, and all things.

(Jer 19:13) And the houses of Jerusalem and the houses of the kings of Judah, which are defiled,
shall be like the place of Topheth--even all the houses upon whose roofs incense has been burned to
all the host of the heavens and drink offerings have been poured out to other gods. (2)
(Jer 31:37) Thus says the Lord: If the heavens above can be measured and the foundations of the
earth searched out beneath, then I will cast off all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done,
says the Lord.
(Dake)
Jer 31:37
a

[If heaven above can be measured] See The Solar System.

[searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done] There is no method for searching
out the foundations of the earth or measuring the vast heavens; even so there is no way for God to cast off Israel for their sins, for in those
days there will be no sin in them (Isa_66:7-8; Zec_12:10-14; Zec_13:1; Rom_11:25-29; Heb_10:17).

(Jer 32:17) Alas, Lord God! Behold, You have made the heavens and the earth by Your great power
and by Your outstretched arm! There is nothing too hard or too wonderful for You-(Dake)
Jer 32:17
a

[hast made the heaven and the earth by thy great power and stretched out arm] Sixteenfold greatness of God:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

You have made heaven and earth by Your great power, and Your stretched out arm (Jer_32:17).
There is nothing too hard for You.
You show lovingkindness to thousands (Jer_32:18).
You recompense the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them.
God is Great.
He is a Mighty God.

7. The Lord of hosts is His name.

8. He is great in counsel (Jer_32:19).
9. He is mighty in work.
10. Your eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of men, to give every one according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his deeds.
11. He has set signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, and in Israel, and among other men, as it is this day (Jer_32:20).
12. He has made a name for Himself, as it is at this day.
13. He has brought forth His people out of the land of Egypt with signs and wonders, with a strong hand, with an outstretched arm, and with
great terror (Jer_32:21).
14. He has given them this land, which He swore to their fathers to give them (Jer_32:22).
15. He has caused all this evil to come upon them for disobedience (Jer_32:23).
16. He has caused the invaders to fight against Jerusalem which is given into their hands, to fulfill what He has spoken (Jer_32:24-25).
b

[nothing too hard for thee] If men could only believe this and trust God for His many blessings there would be untold benefits coming
to them which they now go without because of unbelief and ignorance of His will. If nothing is too hard for Him, and He has promised men
all their needs and lawful wants in life, here and hereafter, then there is no excuse for lack of supply (cp. Jer_32:27; Gen_18:14)..

(Jer 33:22) As the host of [the stars of] the heavens cannot be numbered nor the sand of the sea be
measured, so will I multiply the offspring of David My servant and the Levites who minister to Me.
(Jer 33:25) Thus says the Lord: If My covenant with day and night does not stand, and if I have not
appointed the ordinances of the heavens and the earth [the whole order of nature],
(Jer 34:20) I will give them into the hands of their enemies and into the hands of those who seek
their life. And their dead bodies will be food for the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the earth.
(Jer 51:15) He made the earth by His power; He established the world by His wisdom and stretched
out the heavens by His understanding.
(Dake)
Jer 51:15
a

[He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the world by his wisdom, and hath stretched out the heaven
by his understanding] Sevenfold greatness of God (Jer_51:15-16):

1. He has made the earth by His power.

2. He has established the world by His wisdom.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

He has stretched out the heavens by His understanding.

There is a multitude of waters from the heavens when He utters His voice.
He causes the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth.
He makes lightnings with rain.
He brings forth the wind out of His treasures.

(Jer 51:16) When He utters His voice, there is a tumult of waters in the heavens, and He causes the
vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth. He makes lightnings for the rain and brings forth the
wind from His treasuries.
(Lam 3:66) You will pursue and afflict them in anger and destroy them from under Your heavens, O Lord.
(Lam 4:19) Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles of the sky; they pursued us on the mountains, they lay in wait for us in the wilderness.
(Eze 1:1) NOW [when I was] in [my] thirtieth year, in the fourth month, in the fifth day of the month, as I was in the midst of captivity beside the
river Chebar [in Babylonia], the heavens were opened and I saw visions of God.
(Dake)
Eze 1:1
a

[thirtieth year] This perhaps refers to the 30th year of Ezekiel's life. It was the same age as that of John the Baptist and Christ when they
began their ministries (Luk_1:26; Luk_1:36; Luk_3:23).

[fifth day of the month] All the days referred to in the book of Ezekiel are the days of the month, not days of the week (Eze_1:1; Eze_8:1;
Eze_20:1; Eze_24:1; Eze_26:1; Eze_29:1; Eze_30:20; Eze_31:1; Eze_32:1; Eze_40:1).

[the captives] The Jewish captives that had already been taken from Judah to Babylon. Ezekiel himself was taken when Jehoiachin was
(Eze_1:2; 2Ki_24:6-17).

[Chebar] Chebar, now Khabour, which flows into the Euphrates about 200 miles north of Babylon (Eze_1:1-2; Eze_3:15; Eze_3:23;
Eze_10:15-22; Eze_43:3).

[the heavens were opened] In vision he saw the heavens opened and a chariot drawn by cherubim coming out of them to the place
where he was dwelling in a Jewish settlement on the river Chebar.

[visions of God] Visions of God literally means that God gave him visions from heaven (cp. Exo_24:10; Isaiah 6; Dan_7:9; Rev_4:2).

(Eze 1:22) Over the head of the [combined] living creature there was the likeness of a firmament,
looking like the terrible and awesome [dazzling of shining] crystal or ice stretched across the
expanse of sky over their heads.
(Eze 1:23) And under the firmament their wings were stretched out straight, one toward another.
Every living creature had two wings which covered its body on this side and two which covered it on
that side.
(Eze 1:25) And there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads; when they stood,
they let down their wings.
(Dake)
Eze 1:25
a

[a voice from the firmament] This was the voice of God Himself. This was God's throne which was set above the firmament over the
heads of the cherubim (Eze_1:26-28).

(Eze 1:26) And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne in
appearance like a sapphire stone, and seated above the likeness of a throne was a likeness with the
appearance of a Man.(3)
(Dake)
Eze 1:26
a

[sapphire stone] A sapphire-clear heavenly blue.

[a man above] God's body is like that of a man, for man was created in His likeness and His image bodily (Gen_1:26, notes; see
Anthropomorphism). Here He is described as being like a man from His loins downward (Eze_1:26-27; Eze_8:2). In Eze_8:3 He (the
person on the throne) is referred to as putting forth a hand like that of a man, taking the prophet by the hair of the head, lifting him up
between heaven and earth, and bringing him to Jerusalem. In Eze_10:20 the person sitting in the throne is called the God of Israel. This
entire description is one of the literal chariots of God on which He rides from place to place when He chooses. That He does ride upon the
cherub is stated in 2Sa_22:11; Psa_18:10. God also has many other means of travel and physically goes from one place to another as all
other beings in existence. He is omnipresent, but not omnibody.

(Eze 3:12) Then the Spirit lifted me up, and I heard behind me a voice of a great rushing [saying],
Blessed be the glory of the Lord from His place [above the firmament].
(Dake)
Eze 3:12
a

[Then the spirit took me up] Then-after he had been commissioned three times to go to Israel, the Spirit took him up and away to the
captives that dwelled in a settlement on the river Chebar (Eze_3:12-16).

[great rushing, saying, Blessed be the glory of the LORD from his place] Four great noises heard in his flight:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A great voice of a great rushing, saying, Blessed be the glory of the Lord from this place (Eze_3:12).
The noise of the wings of the living creatures that touched one another (Eze_3:13).
The noise of the wheels that were over against them.
The noise of a great rushing of the cherubim.

(Eze 8:3) And He put forth the form of a hand and took me by a lock of my head; and the Spirit lifted
me up between the earth and the heavens and brought me in the visions of God to Jerusalem, to the
entrance of the door of the inner [court] which faces toward the north, where was the seat of the
idol (image) of jealousy, which provokes to jealousy.(1)
(Eze 10:1) THEN I looked and behold, in the firmament that was over the heads of the cherubim
there appeared above them something looking like a sapphire stone, in form resembling a throne.
(Dake)
Eze 10:1
a

[behold, in the firmament that was above the head of the cherubims there appeared over them as it were a sapphire
stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne] The 37-fold description of the cherubim:

1. Above the heads of the cherubim was a firmament (Eze_10:1).

2. A throne colored like a sapphire stone was above the firmament.
3. The wheels were under the cherubim (Eze_10:2).

4. They stood on the right side of the temple facing it (Eze_10:3).

5. The cloud filled the inner court.
6. The glory of God went up from the cherubim and stood over the threshhold.
7. The cloud filled the house (Eze_10:4).
8. Brightness filled the court.
9. The sound of the cherubim's wings was heard even to the outer court, as the voice of Almighty God (Eze_10:5).
10. There was fire between the wheels and between the cherubim (Eze_10:6).
11. One cherub stretched forth his hand between the cherubim into the fire and took thereof, and put it into the hands of a man (Eze_10:7).
12. They had the hands of a man under their wings (Eze_10:8).
13. Each one had a wheel by him, making four wheels in all (Eze_10:9).
14. The wheels appeared like the color of a beryl stone.
15. All four cherubim had one likeness, as if a wheel had been within a wheel (Eze_10:10).
16. When they went, they went upon their four sides (Eze_10:11).
17. They turned not as they went.
18. Which way the head looked they went.
19. Their whole bodies, backs, hands, wings, and wheels were full of eyes round about (Eze_10:12).
20. A voice cried to the wheels (Eze_10:13).
21. Each of the cherubim had four faces: the face of a cherub (ox, Eze_1:10), of a man, a lion, and an eagle (Eze_10:14).
22. They were lifted up (Eze_10:15).
23. When they went the wheels went with them (Eze_10:16).
24. When they lifted up their wings to mount up from the earth the wheels turned not from beside them.
25. When they stood the wheels stood.
26. When they were lifted up the wheels were also lifted up (Eze_10:17).
27. The spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels.
28. The glory of the Lord departed from off the threshhold of the house and stood over the cherubim (Eze_10:18).
29. They lifted up their wings and mounted up from the earth (Eze_10:19).
30. When they went out, the wheels also were beside them.
31. Every one stood at the door of the east gate of the temple.
32. The glory of God was over them above.
33. Every one had four faces (Eze_10:21).
34. Every one had four wings.
35. They had the hands of a man under their wings.
36. The faces on them were alike (Eze_10:22).
37. They went straight forward.

(Eze 29:5) And I will cast you forth into the wilderness, you and all the fish of your rivers; you shall
fall upon the open field and not be gathered up or buried. I have given you for food to the [wild]
beasts of the earth and the birds of the heavens.

(Eze 31:6) All the birds of the heavens made their nests in its boughs, and under its branches all the
wild beasts of the field brought forth their young and under its shadow dwelt all of the great nations.
(Eze 31:13) Upon its ruins all the birds of the heavens will dwell, and all the wild beasts of the field
will be upon [Assyria's fallen] branches.
(Eze 32:4) Then I will leave you [Egypt] upon the shore; I will cast you on the open field and will
cause all the birds of the heavens to settle upon you, and I will fill the beasts of the whole earth with
you.
(Eze 32:7) And when I have extinguished you, I will cover the heavens [of Egypt] and make their
stars dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud and the moon shall not give her light.
(Eze 32:8) All the bright lights of the heavens I will make dark over you and set darkness upon your
land, says the Lord God.
(Eze 38:20) So that the fishes of the sea and the birds of the heavens, the beasts of the field and all
creeping things that creep upon the earth, and all the men that are upon the face of the earth, shall
tremble and shake at My presence; and the mountains shall be thrown down and the steep places
shall fall and every wall [natural or artificial] shall fall to the ground.
(Dan 2:38) And wherever the children of men dwell, and the beasts of the field, and the birds of the heavens--He has given them into your hand and
has made you to rule over them all. You [king of Babylon] are the head of gold.
(Dake)
Dan 2:38
a

[hath made thee ruler over them all] It will be noted that some of these kingdoms of Daniel 2 and Daniel 7 are spoken of as ruling over
all the earth (Dan_2:38-39; Dan_7:23). See Extent of Antichrist's Reign.

[Thou art this head of gold ...] The 2nd prophecy in Daniel (Dan_2:38 b-45; Dan_2:38 b-40 are fulfilled; Dan_2:41-45 are unfulfilled.)
Next, Dan_3:17.

The Image Interpreted

The great image of the dream of 5 different materials represents 5 great world empires: Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, Rome, and Revised
Rome made up of 10 kingdoms in the last days (Dan_2:44-45; Dan_7:23-24; Rev_17:12-17).
1. The Head of Gold (Dan_2:32; Dan_2:35; Dan_2:38). The head of gold portion of the great image represents the first of 5 kingdoms in the
vision-Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar's own kingdom (Dan_2:37-38; Jer_15:4; Jer_24:9; Jer_25:1-12; Jer_29:18). The 5 kingdoms succeeded
each other as the time came for them to fulfill God's plan in punishing Israel. They all existed before they were used to punish Israel in the
times of the Gentiles, and each in turn, after fulfilling her mission with Israel, was absorbed in the succeeding kingdom. Babylon
conquered Israel in the first year of Nebuchadnezzar, about 606 B.C., and continued in power for 70 years (Dan_9:2; Jeremiah 25).
Nebuchadnezzar reigned 43 years and was succeeded by Evil-Merodach (2Ki_25:27; Jer_52:31), and Nabonidus and Belshazzar who reigned
jointly until Babylon was overthrown (Daniel 5). This empire oppressed Israel for 60 years, 606 B.C. to 546 B.C. (Jeremiah 25).
2. The Breast and Arms of Silver (Dan_2:32; Dan_2:35; Dan_2:39). This part of the image symbolizes the Medo-Persian kingdom which
succeeded Babylon at the end of the 70 years' captivity of the Jews It was the second kingdom of the dream to oppress Israel in the times
of the Gentiles (Dan_2:39; Dan_5:1-31; Dan_8:20; Dan_9:1; Dan_10:1; Dan_11:1-3; 2Ch_36:22; Ezr_1:1-3). The two arms symbolize the
two nations making the dual kingdom, the Medes and the Persians. This kingdom was inferior to the Babylonian Empire as silver is to
gold. It was not inferior in power (for it overthrew Babylon), but in form of government, wealth, luxury, and glory (Isa_13:19). In Babylon
the king was the absolute power (Dan_5:19), but in Medo-Persia law was superior to the king who could not alter a law even for the best
good of his subjects (Dan_6:1; Dan_6:14). Similarly, in the third and fourth kingdoms, the forms of government were inferior as well as
their wealth and glory. Babylon took Israel captive (Jeremiah 25) and Medo-Persia liberated them (Isa_44:28; Isa_45:1-5;
Ezr_1:1-4; Ezr_6:1-14). Medo-Persia continued until Alexander the Great who founded the old Grecian Empire, 334 B.C.
3. The Belly and the Thighs of Brass (Dan_2:32; Dan_2:35; Dan_2:39). This part of the great image symbolized the third or Grecian Empire
under Alexander the Great which also dominated Israel in the times of the Gentiles (Dan_2:39; Dan_8:20-21; Dan_11:1-34). This third
empire became the greatest in territory of the first three kingdoms. Alexander started from Greece and Macedon and conquered all the
territories of the other two kingdoms and even part of India. The Grecian Empire began to decay with the death of Alexander. His vast
territory was divided into four parts, as we shall see when we study Daniel 8.
4. The Legs of Iron (Dan_2:33-35; Dan_2:40). This part of the great image symbolizes the old Roman Empire which followed Greece in the
domination of Israel. It was the fourth kingdom of the dream to oppress Israel in the times of the Gentiles (Dan_2:40; Dan_7:23-24;
Dan_9:26; Luk_2:1; Luk_20:20-24; Joh_11:48; Mat_24:1-2; Act_16:21; Act_22:25-29). This kingdom was to be stronger than all the
preceding kingdoms as iron is stronger than gold, silver, and brass. Though called the fourth this is not the last of the Gentile world
kingdoms to persecute Israel in the times of the Gentiles. There will yet be two kingdoms which will reign over Israel before the coming of
their Messiah to deliver them and set up the kingdom of God in the earth forever. The two legs of iron represent the eastern and western
divsions of the old Roman Empire.
5. The Feet and Toes of Iron and Clay (Dan_2:33-35; Dan_2:44). This part of the image represents the future revised Roman Empire, the
fifth kingdom in the image to oppress Israel in the times of the Gentiles (Dan_2:31-43; Dan_7:23-25; Rev_17:12-17). This, the last part of
the image, was to be destroyed by the stone from heaven. Revised Rome was to be a divided kingdom, partly strong and partly weak, as
symbolized by the two materials of the feet and toes. The clay represents the rule by the masses and the iron the rule by kings. These two
forms of government will not mix even as iron and clay will not mix. The final outcome will be that the iron will again become
predominant. Kings will again rule inside the Roman Empire territory. The 10 kingdoms will be formed therein and be ruled by 10 kings
(Dan_2:44-45; Dan_7:7-8; Dan_7:23-24). These 10 kingdoms represented by the 10 toes will exist in the last days before the coming of
Christ and will be destroyed at His coming (Rev_17:8-17; Rev_19:11-21). They will be ruled by 10 kings during the first 3 1/2 years of the

70th week, then by the Antichrist the last 3 1/2 years (Dan_2:44-45; Dan_7:7-14; Dan_7:17-25; Rev_13:1-18; Rev_17:8-17; 2Th_2:1-12).
The 10 kingdoms will form what is known to Bible students as the Revised Roman Empire, dealt with in Daniel 7 and Rev_17:12-17, notes.
The Stone That Smote the Image:
This symbolizes the kingdom of heaven headed by the Lord Jesus Christ who will, at His second coming, destroy the kingdoms of this world
(Dan_2:34-35; Dan_2:44-45; Dan_7:13-27; Mat_24:29-31; Mat_25:31-46; Zec_14:1-21; 2Th_1:7-11; 2Th_2:4-8; Jud_1:14; Rev_11:15;
Rev_19:11-21; Rev_20:1-7). Christ Himself is called a "stone" (Psa_118:22; Mat_21:44; Eph_2:19-22; 1Pe_2:6-8). The phrase "without
hands" is an expression emphasizing the absence of all human instrumentality and the act of God alone (Dan_2:45; Dan_8:25; Job_34:20;
Lam_4:6).
It will be noted in the outline of the text that Babylon is called the third, Medo-Persia the fourth, Greece the fifth, Rome the sixth, and Revised
Rome the seventh world empire. This simply means that they are the third to the seventh of the eight world empires to oppress Israel in the
times of the Gentiles. Two empires oppressed Israel before Babylon-Egypt and Assyria, the first and the second. The eighth will be the
kingdom of Antichrist (Rev_17:9-11, notes). These five kingdoms are the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth of the book of Daniel, but the
third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh of the book of Rev_17:8-11. See The Times of the Gentiles.

(Dan 4:11) The tree grew and was strong and its height reached to the heavens, and the sight of it
reached to the end of the whole earth.
(Dan 4:12) Its leaves were fair and its fruit abundant, and in it was food for all. The living creatures
of the field found shade under it, and the birds of the sky dwelt in its branches; and all flesh was fed
from it.
(Dan 4:15) Nevertheless leave the stump of its roots in the earth, bound with a band of iron and
bronze, in the midst of the tender grass of the field. Let him be wet with the dew of the heavens, and
let him share the lot of the living creatures in the grass of the earth.
(Dan 4:20) The tree that you saw, which grew [great] and was strong, whose height reached to the
heavens and which was visible to all the earth,
(Dake)
Dan 4:20
a

[The tree that thou sawest, which grew, and was strong ...] The 5th prophecy in Daniel (Dan_4:20-23, fulfilled). Next, Dan_4:25.

Interpretation of the Tree Vision:

1. Nebuchadnezzar, you are the tree (Dan_4:20-22; cp. Dan_2:38)

2. The watcher, a holy one sent down from heaven, is an angel announcing the decree of the Most High (Dan_4:23-24)
3. The decree is: You will become mentally deranged and men will drive you from your kingdom. You will imagine yourself one of the beasts
of the field, eating and sleeping with them for seven years, until you learn that the Most High rules in the kingdom of men, and gives it to
whomsoever He will (Dan_4:25)
4. The stump left in the ground with the roots held firm by a band of iron and brass means that your kingdom shall be sure unto you when
your lesson is learned (Dan_4:26)

(Dan 4:21) Whose foliage was beautiful and its fruit abundant, on which was food for all, under
which the living creatures of the field dwelt, and on whose branches the birds of the sky had their
nests-(Dan 4:22) It is you, O king, who have grown and become strong; your greatness has increased and
it reaches to the heavens, and your dominion to the ends of the earth.
(Dan 4:23) And whereas the king saw a watcher, a holy one, coming down from heaven and saying,
Cut the tree down and destroy it, but leave the stump of its roots in the earth with a band of iron and
bronze around it, in the tender grass of the field; and let him be wet with the dew of the heavens,
and let his portion be with the living creatures of the field until seven times [or years] pass over
him-(Dake)
Dan 4:23
a

[seven times] If some Bible scholars interpreted the Bible consistently they would explain the "seven times" during which
Nebuchadnezzar was insane to be 2,520 years, for this is how they interpret the "seven times" of Lev_26:18. They would also have Naaman
dipping in Jordan 2,520 years (2Ki_5:10), and would give us many other foolish and unbelieveable interpretations of other events. One can
see that this could not be the intended thought in any passage where the term "seven times" is used. Here it denotes seven literal years. In
Lev_26:18 it expresses severity of punishment. In 2Ki_5:10 it means literally seven times of dipping in Jordan. See The Times of the
Gentiles.

(Dan 4:25) You shall be driven from among men and your dwelling shall be with the beasts of the
field; you shall be made to eat grass as do the oxen and you shall be wet with the dew of the heavens;

and seven times [or years] shall pass over you until you learn and know and recognize that the Most
High [God] rules the kingdom of mankind and gives it to whomever He will.
(Dake)
Dan 4:25
a

[That they shall drive thee from men ...] The 6th prophecy in Daniel (Dan_4:25-26, fulfilled). Next, Dan_4:31.

[they shall drive thee from men] Who actually did this is not stated. It was not his enemies, for they would have killed him. The vision
concerned his enemies (Dan_4:19) in the sense that his absence from the throne would be good news to them. He could not carry on any
more invasions in such condition. His friends no doubt fulfilled this and protected him in his sojourn among the beasts. No new king was
chosen in his stead. His kingdom was secure and waiting for him when he should become normal. His own son was regent during this
insanity and he no doubt helped preserve the kingdom for him, which made possible the fulfilling of Dan_4:26.

(Dan 4:33) That very hour the thing was [in process of] being fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar. He
was driven from among men and did eat grass like oxen [as Daniel had said he would], and his body
was wet with the dew of the heavens until his hair grew like eagles' [feathers] and his nails [were]
like birds' [claws].
(Dake)
Dan 4:33
a

[The same hour] The hour he became so exalted over his great work and kingdom (Dan_4:28-30; Dan_4:33).

[he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were
grown like eagles' feathers, and his nails like birds' claws] The mental disease of Nebuchadnezzar is rare. It is called Lycanthropy
(from the Greek word lukos (G3074), wolf, and anthropos (G444), man) because the person imagines himself to be a wolf, a bear, or some
other animal.

(Dan 5:21) He was driven from among men, and his heart or mind was made like the beasts, and his
dwelling was with the wild asses. He was fed with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew

of the heavens until he learned and knew that the Most High God rules in the kingdom of men and
that He appoints and sets over it whomever He will.
(Dake)
Dan 5:21
a

[they fed him] This suggests that men protected and cared for Nebuchadnezzar more or less during his insanity. Although he did live with
the animals he had some human care until he became sane again.

(Dan 6:27) He is a Savior and Deliverer, and He works signs and wonders in the heavens and on the
earth--He Who has delivered Daniel from the power of the lions.
(Dan 7:2) Daniel said, I saw in my vision by night, and behold, the four winds of the heavens
[political and social agitations] were stirring up the great sea [the nations of the world].
(Dake)
Dan 7:2
a

[I saw in my vision by night ...] The 10th prophecy in Daniel (Dan_7:2-14; Dan_7:2-7; Dan_7:12 are fulfilled; Dan_7:8-11; Dan_7:13-14
are unfulfilled). Next, Dan_7:17.

[four] Here we have the beginning of the vision in symbols. The interpretation is given in Dan_7:17-27. The vision concerns the same
kingdoms as symbolized by the great image in Daniel 2, with some additional facts. In Daniel 2 Nebuchadnezzar is shown the Gentile world
kingdoms from his day to the second coming of Christ. They are pictured there, from man's standpoint, as a great and beautiful metallic
image. In Daniel 7 God shows Daniel the same kingdoms from God's standpoint as ferocious wild wild beasts (Dan_7:17).

[winds] Winds in symbolic passages denote wars, strife, and judgments from God (Dan_7:1-3; Dan_8:7-13 with Jer_25:32-33; Rev_7:1-3).

[great sea] Seas in symbolic passages represent peoples (Dan_7:17; Rev_13:1; Rev_17:1; Rev_17:15).

(Dan 7:13) I saw in the night visions, and behold, [2] on the clouds of the heavens came One like a
Son of man, and He came to the Ancient of Days and was presented before Him.

(Dake)
Dan 7:13
a

[one like the Son of man] This "one" is the Son of Man, the Lord Jesus Christ. He is not the Ancient of days of Dan_7:9-10, but another
one, separate and distinct from Him came with the clouds of heaven (Dan_7:13). This is definitely the second coming of Christ pictured here
(Isa_63:1-6; Zec_14:1-5; Mat_24:29-31; Mat_25:31-46; Mat_26:64; 2Th_1:7-10; 2Th_2:8; Jud_1:14; Rev_1:7; Rev_11:15; Rev_19:11-21).

[came to the Ancient of days] If He comes to the Ancient of days, then He is not the Ancient of days. If they bring Him (the Son of man)
near before Him (the Ancient of days), then it is confirmed twice in one scripture that these are two separate Persons, each having His own
personal body, soul, and spirit. See The Trinity.

(Dan 7:27) And the kingdom and the dominion and the greatness of the kingdom under the whole
heavens shall be given to the people of the saints of the Most High; His kingdom is an everlasting
kingdom, and all the dominions shall serve and obey Him.
(Dake)
Dan 7:27
a

[the whole heaven] This is to be taken literally, not figuratively, as in the references to the extent of the world empires of Dan_2:38-40;
Dan_7:23; Rev_13:8; Rev_13:16. There is no limitation to the extent of the coming kingdom of God, as with the human kingdoms in the
times of the Gentiles. See Extent of Antichrist's Reign.

[to the people of the saints of the most High, whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom] Three times in this chapter it is stated
that the saints of God will take over the kingdoms of the world following the kingdom of Antichrist (Dan_7:18; Dan_7:22; Dan_7:27). Also,
three times it is stated that the kingdom will be eternal (Dan_7:13-14; Dan_7:18; Dan_7:27).

[all dominions shall serve and obey him] All earthly kingdoms will eventually be under God as before rebellion started by Lucifer and
later by Adam (1Co_15:24-28; Eph_1:10; Rev. 21-22).

(Dan 8:8) And the he-goat [Alexander the Great] magnified himself exceedingly, and when he was
[young and] strong, the [1] great horn [he] was [suddenly] broken; and instead of [him] there came
up four notable horns [to whom the kingdom was divided, one] toward [each of] the four winds of
the heavens.

(Dake)
Dan 8:8
a

[great horn was broken] Alexander the Great died at age 33.

[for it came up four notable ones] Four kingdoms were formed out of his empire. They would be known today as Greece, Turkey,
Syria, and Egypt.

(Dan 9:12) And He has carried out intact His [threatening] words which He threatened against us
and against our judges [the kings, princes, and rulers generally] who ruled us, and He has brought
upon us a great evil; for under the whole heavens there has not been done before [anything so
dreadful] as [He has caused to be] done against Jerusalem.
(Dake)
Dan 9:12
a

[he hath confirmed his words] God will always confirm His Word and curse those who sin and bless those who obey (Gal_6:7-8; see
Twenty-one Examples of Beings Fallen from Grace).

[for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem] This is one of the greatest proofs of God
confirming a curse as well as a blessing, according to His Word. God cannot lie, so what He orders as the penalty for sin will be meted out as
surely as reward for obedience.

(Dan 11:4) And as soon as he has fully arisen, his [Alexander the Great's] kingdom shall be broken
[by his death] and divided toward the four winds [the east, west, north, and south] of the heavens,
but not to his posterity, nor according to the [Grecian] dominion which he ruled, for his kingdom
shall be torn out and uprooted and go to others [to his four generals] to the exclusion of these.
(Dake)
Dan 11:4

[kingdom shall be broken, and shall be divided toward the four winds of heaven] This refers to the breaking up of the Grecian
Empire into 4 divisions after the death of Alexander the Great. The period from Alexander to the conquest of these 4 kingdoms by the
Romans (336-100 B.C.) is called the Hellenistic or Alexandrian Age. For a time the generals of the army agreed to rule the various parts of
the empire until Alexander's son by Roxane became of age to take the throne, but they all really desired to become king of the province they
held. In 311 B.C. the child and his mother were murdered. Then the struggle for power became an open contest. Antigonus, one of the most
able generals of Alexander, used Syria as a base to conquer the whole empire for himself. In 301 B.C. he was defeated by 4 other generals
and slain. The 4 great generals then divided the empire. See The Angelic Interpretation pt. 7.

[not to his posterity, nor according to his dominion which he ruled] This simply means that Alexander's kingdom was to be
divided among others who were not of his posterity nor according to the dominion by which he ruled. In 15 years not one of Alexander's
family, including 3 wives, 2 sons, his brother and wife, and mother, was left alive.

[his kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others beside those] His kingdom was to be plucked up, even for others besides the 4
generals that would seize the greatest part of his empire. Minor parts of the empire did go to others from which they were taken.

(Dan 12:3) And the teachers and those who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the
firmament, and those who turn many to righteousness (to uprightness and right standing with God)
[shall give forth light] like the stars forever and ever. (2)
(Dake)
Dan 12:3
a

[they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars
for ever and ever] Literally, it refers to those who make others wise, and those who win souls and turn many to righteousness (2Ti_3:1517).

(Dan 12:7) And I heard the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, when he
held up his right and his left hand toward the heavens and swore by Him Who lives forever that it
shall be for a time, times, and a half a time [or three and one-half years]; and when they have made
an end of shattering and crushing the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished.
(Dake)
Dan 12:7

[when he held up his right hand and his left hand unto the heaven, and sware by him that liveth for ever] This is the same
action as that of the angel (Christ) in Rev_10:1-6, and concerns the last 3 1/2 years of Daniel's 70th week (Dan_12:7; Dan_7:25; Rev_11:1-3;
Rev_12:6; Rev_12:14; Rev_13:5). During this time the vision will be completed and the end of the age will come.

[for a time, times, and an half]

Three Time Periods of Daniel 12

1. The "time, times, and an half, " or the 3 1/2 years (Dan_12:7), are the 42 months of Antichrist's war on Israel till God purges every rebel
from the nation making her willing to do His will (Eze_20:33-38; Zec_13:9; Mal_3:3). Antichrist could easily destroy Israel in a short
time after he breaks his covenant with them, if God were not to interfere. But God will supernaturally cause the ground to open up and
swallow the armies of the dragon and Antichrist as they flee after Israel when she goes into the wilderness of Moab and Edom to escape
from the hands of Antichrist (Dan_11:41; Isa_16:1-5; Mat_24:16; Rev_12:14-17); and He will protect the remnant of the woman which
does not flee into the wilderness, through stirring up the countries of the north and east against the Antichrist. He will then leave the
remnant during the last 3 1/2 years, going forth to conquer these nations. They will keep him occupied during this time. Then after
conquering these countries, he will lead them and many other nations against Jerusalem to destroy it, but God will come and put an end to
the Gentile dominion and deliver Israel (Zech. 14; Rev. 19). This war between Antichrist and countries of the north and east will cause the
persecution of Israel to be shortened as in Mat_24:22.
2. The next period is an addition of 30 days to the 1,260 days of the above mentioned period (Dan_12:11).
3. The last period is 1,335 days, an addition of 45 days to the second period. The extra 75 days (the 30 days and 45 days) added to the 1,260
days will complete the 1,335 days of Dan_12:7-13, the last day of which will be the actual day of the proclamation of the kingdom, when
men who have lived through the tribulation will be blessed. It is the actual time when Christ will say to the sheep nations: "Come, ye
blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world" (Mat_25:34). These extra 75 days will be
taken up by certain events necessary to the actual proclamation of the kingdom.
Eighteen Events of the Seventy-five Days:
1. The battle of Armageddon (Joel 3; Zech. 14; Rev_19:11-21)
2. Burial of the dead begun (Eze_39:8-22)
3. Great earthquake and splitting of the Mt. of Olives (Zec_14:1-5)
4. Rounding up of the prisoners of the armies of Antichrist and disposition of them (Eze_39:2)
5. Rounding up and casting of Satan and every demon and fallen angel into the abyss (Isa_24:21-22; Rev_20:1-3)
6. Gathering of Israel by the angels (Isa_11:10-12; Mat_24:31)
7. Gathering of the nations to judgment (Mat_25:31-46)
8. Separation of the tares and wheat (Mat_13:39-50)
9. Cleansing Jerusalem and beginning its rebuilding for the eternal kingdom (Ezekiel 48)
10. Rounding up of all beast worshipers and all who have the mark of the beast to be sent to hell (Rev_14:9-11)
11. Erection of the Millennial temple (Ezekiel 40-46; Zec_6:12-13)
12. Sending out the resurrected saints as the new earth rulers to take over every inhabited part of the earth (Dan_7:18; Dan_7:27; 1Co_6:2;
Rev_5:10; Rev_11:15; Rev_22:4-5)
13. Sending out missionaries from Jerusalem to evangelize the nations (Isa_2:2-4; Isa_11:9; Isa_52:7; Zec_8:23)
14. Establishing government offices in every part of the earth and publishing the new laws of the kingdom of heaven on earth (Isa_2:2-4)
15. Division of the promised land into 12 strips and the settlement of the 12 tribes in their portions (Ezekiel 48)

16. Settling of the nations in their own portions of the earth (Deu_32:8; Act_17:26)
17. Opening of the earth and starting of the Millennial river (Ezekiel 47)
18. All necessary work in making the deserts blossom as a rose, waters to spring forth in the deserts, changing the animals, regulating the
solar system as it was before the fall, and many other events that will continue throughout the Millennium and new earth forever, as listed
in Fifty Facts about the Millennium.
c

[when he shall have accomplished to scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished] Antichrist will
not destroy the Jewish nation. He will only scatter them and their power; and then all things will be finished concerning their eternal
restoration (Dan_9:24; Ezekiel 37; Rom_11:25).

(Hos 2:18) And in that day will I make a covenant for Israel with the living creatures of the open country and with the birds of the heavens and with
the creeping things of the ground. And I will break the bow and the sword and [abolish battle equipment and] conflict out of the land and will make
you lie down safely.
(Dake)
Hos 2:18
a

[for them with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven, and with the creeping things of the ground] God will
make this covenant of peace between Israel and earth creatures, giving man his original dominion (Gen_1:26-31). This is not the new
covenant so often mentioned in the prophets. See Covenants.

[I will break the bow and the sword and the battle out of the earth] This is abolishing war (Isa_2:4).

[lie down safely] This expresses universal safety of man and all creatures on earth.

(Hos 2:21) And in that day I will respond, says the Lord; I will respond to the heavens [which ask for
rain to pour on the earth], and they shall respond to the earth [which begs for the rain it needs],
(Dake)
Hos 2:21
a

[in that day] "In that day" and "at that day" are characteristic of Isaiah in whose book they are found 53 times compared to the 4 in Hosea
(Hos_2:1:5; Hos_2:16; Hos_2:18; Hos_2:21).

[I will hear, saith the LORD, I will hear the heavens, and they shall hear the earth] These statements express prosperity
(Hos_2:21-22).

(Hos 4:3) Therefore shall the land [continually] mourn, and all who dwell in it shall languish,
together with the wild beasts of the open country and the birds of the heavens; yes, the fishes of the
sea also shall [perish because of the drought] be collected and taken away.
(Dake)
Hos 4:3
a

[Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field] Because
of these sins the land will mourn, every man will languish, and the beasts will be destroyed.

(Hos 7:12) As they go, I will spread My net over them; I will bring them down like birds of the
heavens. I will chastise them according to the announcement [or prediction made] to their
congregation [in the Scriptures].(1)
(Dake)
Hos 7:12
a

[When they shall go ...] The 9th prophecy in Hosea (Hos_7:12-16, fulfilled). Next, Hos_8:1.

Seven Predictions-Fulfilled:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

I will spread My net upon them (Hos_7:12).

I will bring them down.
I will chastise them, as I have told their congregation.
Woe to them! They have fled from Me.
Destruction is before them (Hos_7:13).
Their princes will fall by the sword for the rage of their tongue (Hos_7:16).
This will be their derision in the land of Egypt.

(Joe 2:10) The earth quakes before them; the heavens tremble. The sun and the moon are darkened and the stars withdraw their shining. (3)

(Joe 2:30) And I will show signs and wonders in the heavens, and on the earth, blood and fire and columns of smoke.
(Joe 3:16) The Lord will thunder and roar from Zion and utter His voice from Jerusalem, and the heavens and the earth shall shake; but the Lord
will be a refuge for His people and a stronghold to the children of Israel. (6)
(Dake)
Joe 3:16
a

[LORD also shall roar out of Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth shall shake: but
the LORD will be the hope of his people, and the strength of the children of Israel] God will personally lead His armies of
heaven against those of the Antichrist (Joe_2:11; Isa_63:1-5; Zec_14:1-5; Mat_24:29-31; 2Th_1:7-10; Jud_1:14-15; Rev_11:15; Rev_19:1121).

(Amo 9:6) It is He Who builds His upper chambers in the heavens and Who founds His vault over the earth, Who calls to the waters of the sea and
pours them out on the face of the earth--The Lord is His name.
(Dake)
Amo 9:6
a

[stories] Hebrew: ma'alah (H4609), elevation; climactic progression; degrees; going up to heaven; spheres; ascensions. It is translated
stories (Amo_9:6); stairs (2Ki_9:13; Neh_3:15; Neh_12:37; Eze_40:6; Eze_43:7); steps (Exo_20:26; 1Ki_10:19-20; 2Ch_9:18-19); degrees
(2Ki_20:9-11; 1Ch_17:17; titles to Psalm 120-134; Isa_38:8); and group (Ezr_7:9). The stories of heaven here refer to the spheres one
would have to go through or the ascensions he would have to make to reach the planet heaven itself.

[troop] Hebrew: 'aguddah (H92), to bind; a band; bundle; knot; arch; troop. The idea seems to be that of making the arch of the heavens
about the earth; that is, the immediate heavens surrounding the earth, the expanse, clouds, atmosphere.

[calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth] Three great works of God:

1. God built spheres of heaven.

2. God founded His troop in the earth.
3. God calls for the waters of the sea and pours them back upon the earth.

NO REF IN OBADIAH
NO REF IN JONAH
NO REF IN MICAH

(Nah 3:16) You increased your merchants more than the [visible] stars of the heavens. The swarming locust spreads itself and destroys, and then
flies away.
(Hab 3:3) God [approaching from Sinai] came from Teman [which represents Edom] and the Holy One from Mount Paran [in the Sinai region].
Selah [pause, and calmly think of that]! His glory covered the heavens and the earth was full of His praise.
(Dake)
Hab 3:3
a

[came from Teman, and the Holy One from mount Paran] This refers to God leading the children of Israel out of Egypt through
Teman and Mount Paran. Teman and Paran took in the whole of the south of Judah, including Sinai.

(Zep 1:5) And those who worship the starry host of the heavens upon their housetops and those who [pretend to] worship the Lord and swear by
and to Him and yet swear by and to [the heathen god Molech or] Malcam [their idol king],
(Dake)
Zep 1:5
a

[them that worship and that swear by the LORD, and that swear by Malcham] Them that swear by Jehovah to worship Him, but
worship and serve Malcham instead.

[Malcham] Malcham-the king-god, or king-idol.

(Hag 1:10) Therefore the heavens above you [for your sake] withhold the dew, and the earth withholds its produce.
(Dake)
Hag 1:10
a

[Therefore the heaven over you is stayed from dew, and the earth is stayed from her fruit.] Three curses for neglecting God's
house:

1. No dew from heaven

2. No crops
3. Drought upon the land, mountains, grain, new wine, oil, crops, men, cattle, and labor of man (Hag_1:11)

(Hag 2:6) For thus says the Lord of hosts: Yet once more, in a little while, I will shake and make
tremble the [starry] heavens, the earth, the sea, and the dry land; (1)
(Dake)
Hag 2:6
a

[For thus saith the LORD of hosts] The 1st prophecy in Haggai (Hag_2:6-9, unfulfilled). Next, Hag_2:18.

Six Predictions-Unfulfilled:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
b

Yet once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, the earth, the sea, and the dry land (Hag_2:6).
I will shake all nations (Hag_2:7).
The Desire of All Nations shall come.
I will fill this house with glory.
The glory of this latter house shall be greater than the former (Hag_2:9).
In this place I will give peace.

[Yet once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry land;]

Future Renovation of Earth

Quoted in Heb_12:26-27 of the future renovation of the heavens and the earth by fire, when certain things will be removed and others will
remain. One which will remain will be the kingdom (as stated by Paul), which proves it will be eternal. We know that the earth and the
heavens are also eternal, for that is so stated many times in Scripture (Psa_72:17; Psa_89:29-37; Psa_104:5; Ecc_1:4). See notes on
2Pe_3:10-13.
Three Perfect Earths; Three Sinless Careers and Two Sinful Careers of the Earth
1. First perfect earth: when it was first created in the beginning (Gen_1:1; Ecc_3:11).
2. First sinless career of the earth: when Lucifer and the pre-Adamites lived without sin (Gen_1:1; Eze_28:11-17).
3. First sinful career of the earth: when Lucifer, the pre-Adamites, and over one-third of God's angels rebelled (Gen_1:2; Isa_14:12-14;
Jer_4:23-26; Eze_28:11-17). See The Pre-Adamite World..
4. First imperfect earth: when cursed and flooded at the fall of Lucifer and the pre-Adamites (Gen_1:2; 2Pe_3:5-6).
5. Second perfect earth: when God restored it to a second habitable state (Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25; Exo_20:9-11).
6. Second sinless career of the earth: when Adam and Eve lived without sin (Gen_2:7-25).
7. Second sinful career of the earth: from the time when Adam and Eve sinned until now (Genesis 3; Rom_5:12-21). This sinful career will
continue until the end of the Millennium (1Co_15:24-28; Eph_1:10; Rev_20:1-10).
8. Second imperfect earth: when cursed at the fall of Adam and Eve (Genesis 5).
9. Third perfect earth: when it will be renewed and made perfect again at the end of the Millennium (Isa_65:17; Isa_66:22-24; 2Pe_3:5-13;
Rev. 21-22).
10. Third and eternal sinless career of the earth: when man will continue eternally without sin (1Co_15:24-28; Eph_1:10; Rev. 21-22).

(Hag 2:21) Speak to Zerubbabel [the representative of the Davidic monarchy and covenant and in
direct line of the ancestry of Jesus Christ] governor of Judah, saying, I will shake the heavens and
the earth;(3)
(Dake)
Hag 2:21
a

[Speak to Zerubbabel] The 3rd and last prophecy in Haggai (Hag_2:21-23, unfulfilled).

Seven Predictions-Unfulfilled:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
b

I will shake the heavens and the earth (Hag_2:21).

I will overthrow the throne of the kingdoms (Hag_2:22).
I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the heathen.
I will overthrow the chariots and those that ride in them.
I will overthrow the horses and their riders.
They will be slain every one by the sword of his brother.
In that day I will take you, O Zerubbabel, My servant, and will make you as a signet: for I have chosen you (Hag_2:23).

[shake the heavens and the earth;] This shaking of the heavens and the earth will take place first at the second coming of Christ and
the day of the Lord, and even during the tribulation preceding this (Rev_6:12-17; Rev_16:17-21). It will happen again in a more complete
sense at the renovation of the heavens and the earth by fire (Hag_2:6; Heb_1:10-12; Heb_12:26-27; 2Pe_3:10-13, notes).

(Zec 2:6) Ho! ho! [Hear and] flee from the land of the north, says the Lord, and from the four winds of the heavens, for to them have I scattered you,
says the Lord.
(Dake)
Zec 2:6
a

[I have spread you abroad as the four winds of the heaven]

Dispersion of Israel
I have scattered you in all lands and among all peoples as the four winds blow in all parts of the earth. This was in fulfillment of Deu_4:27;
Deu_28:64 and other earlier scriptures of the O.T. as well as some in the N.T. (Luk_21:20-24). Since this prophecy the Jews have been
established; but they went into sin again, crucified their Messiah, and had to be scattered another time. It is from this second scattering that

they are now being gathered. They will continue to be gathered until the second coming of Christ; then the final ones will be brought back to
their own land to live forever under the reign of Christ (Isa_11:10-12, notes; Mat_24:31).

(Zec 5:9) Then lifted I up my eyes and looked, and behold, there were two women coming forward!
The wind was in their wings, for they had wings like the wings of a stork, and they lifted up the
ephah[-sized vessel] between the earth and the heavens.
(Zec 6:5) And the angel answered me, These are the four winds or spirits of the heavens, which go
forth from presenting themselves before the Lord of all the earth. (1)
(Zec 8:12) For there shall the seed produce peace and prosperity; the vine shall yield her fruit and
the ground shall give its increase and the heavens shall give their dew; and I will cause the remnant
of this people to inherit and possess all these things.
(Dake)
Zec 8:12
a

[seed shall be prosperous] Seven blessings promised by God:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Prosperity (Zec_8:12)
Vines will yield their fruit.
The ground will give her increase.
The heavens will give their dew.
The remnant of Israel shall possess and enjoy all these things.
Salvation will come from among the Gentiles (Zec_8:13).
The Jews will become a blessing among men.

(Zec 12:1) THE BURDEN or oracle (the thing to be lifted up) of the word of the Lord concerning
Israel: Thus says the Lord, Who stretches out the heavens and lays the foundation of the earth and
forms the spirit of man within him:
(Dake)
Zec 12:1

[The burden of the word of the LORD for Israel, saith the LORD ...]

The 17th and Last Prophecy in Zechariah

Four Predictions-Fulfilled:
1.
2.
3.
4.

The sword will be against My shepherd and My fellow (Zec_13:7).

He shall be smitten.
The sheep shall be scattered.
I will care for the little ones.

Seventy-five Predictions-Unfulfilled
1. I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and Jerusalem
(Zec_12:2).
2. In that day I will make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all people (Zec_12:3).
3. All that burden themselves with it shall be cut in pieces, though all people of the earth be gathered against it.
4. In that day I will smite every horse with astonishment (Zec_12:4).
5. I will smite his rider with madness.
6. I will open My eyes upon the house of Judah.
7. I will smite every horse of the people (the invaders) with blindness.
8. The governors of Judah shall say in their heart, The inhabitants of Jerusalem shall be my strength in the Lord (Zec_12:5).
9. In that day I will make the governors of Judah like a hearth of fire among the wood, and like a torch of fire in a sheaf (Zec_12:6).
10. They shall devour all the people round about.
11. Jerusalem shall be inhabited again in her own place.
12. The Lord shall save the tents of Judah first (Zec_12:7).
13. In that day the Lord shall defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem (Zec_12:8).
14. He that is feeble among them at that day shall be as David.
15. The house of David will be as God, and as the angel of the Lord before them.
16. In that day I will seek to destroy all nations that come against Jerusalem (Zec_12:9).
17. I will pour out upon the house of David and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem the Spirit of grace and supplications (Zec_12:10).
18. They shall look upon Me whom they have pierced.
19. They shall mourn for Him, as one that mourns for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for Him, as one that is in bitterness for his
firstborn.
20. In that day there shall be great mourning in Jerusalem, as the mourning of Hadad-rimmon in the valley of Megiddon (Zec_12:11).
21. The land shall mourn, every family apart, and their wives apart (Zec_12:12-14).
22. In that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of David, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem for sin and uncleanness (Zec_13:1).
23. In that day I will cut off the name of idols out of the land (Zec_13:2).
24. They shall no more be remembered.
25. I will also cause the prophets and the unclean spirit to pass out of the land.
26. When any man shall yet prophesy, then his father and mother shall say to him, You shall not live; for you speak lies in the name of the

Lord (Zec_13:3).
27. In that day the prophets shall be ashamed every one of his vision (Zec_13:4).
28. The prophets will no longer wear rough garments to deceive, but will seek to avoid prophecy (Zec_13:4-5).
29. One shall say to Him, What are these wounds in Your hands?
30. Then He shall say, Those with which I was wounded in the house of My friends.
31. In all the land, two parts therein shall be cut off and die; but the third part shall be left therein (Zec_13:8).
32. I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined (Zec_13:9).
33. I will try them as gold is tried.
34. They shall call on My name, and I will hear them.
35. I will say, It is My people.
36. They shall say, The Lord is my God.
37. The day of the Lord comes, and your spoil shall be divided in the midst of you (Zec_14:1).
38. I will gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle (Zec_14:2).
39. The city shall be taken.
40. The houses shall be rifled.
41. The women shall be ravished.
42. Half the city shall go forth into captivity.
43. The rest of the people shall not be cut off from the city.
44. Then shall the Lord go forth, and fight against those nations, as when He fought in the day of battle (Zec_14:3).
45. His feet shall stand in that day upon the Mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem on the east (Zec_14:4).
46. The Mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst thereof toward the east and toward the west, and there shall be a very great valley.
47. Half the mountain shall remove toward the north, and half toward the south.
48. You shall flee to the valley of the mountains as you fled from the earthquake in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah (Zec_14:5).
49. The Lord My God shall come, and all the saints with You.
50. In that day the light shall not be clear, nor dark (Zec_14:6).
51. It shall be one day which shall be known to the Lord, not day, nor night; but at evening time there shall be light (Zec_14:7).
52. In that day, living waters will go out from Jerusalem: half toward the former sea, and half toward the hinder sea (Zec_14:8).
53. This will be in summer and in winter.
54. The Lord shall be King over all the earth (Zec_14:9).
55. In that day there shall be one Lord, and His name one.
56. All the land shall be turned as a plain from Geba to Rimmon south of Jerusalem (Zec_14:10).
57. It shall be lifted up and inhabited in her place, from Benjamin's gate to the place of the first gate, unto the corner gate, and from the tower
of Hananeel to the king's winepresses (Zec_14:10).
58. Men shall dwell in it (Zec_14:11).
59. There shall be no more utter destruction.
60. Jerusalem shall be safely inhabited.
61. This shall be the plague wherewith the Lord will smite all the people that have fought against Jerusalem: their flesh shall consume away
while they stand upon their feet, and their eyes shall consume away in their holes, and their tongue will consume away in their mouth
(Zec_14:12).
62. In that day a great tumult from the Lord shall be among them (Zec_14:13).
63. They shall lay hold every one on the hand of his neighbor.

64. Judah also shall fight at Jerusalem (Zec_14:14).

65. The wealth of the heathen shall be gathered round about-gold, silver, and apparel, in great abundance.
66. The plague will also be upon all the animals that shall be in the army of the Antichrist (Zec_14:15).
67. Every one that is left of all the nations that come against Jerusalem shall go up from year to year to worship the King, the Lord of Hosts,
and to keep the feast of tabernacles (Zec_14:16).
68. Whoever will not come up of all the families of the earth unto Jerusalem to worship the King, the Lord of Hosts, even upon them there
shall be no rain (Zec_14:17).
69. If the family of Egypt go not up, and come not, they will have no rain (Zec_14:18).
70. This will be the plague the Lord will smite the heathen and other nations with that come not up to keep the feast of tabernacles
(Zec_14:18-19).
71. In that day there shall be upon the bells of the horses, HOLINESS UNTO THE LORD (Zec_14:20).
72. The pots in the Lord's house shall be like the bowls before the altar.
73. Every pot in Jerusalem shall be HOLINESS UNTO THE LORD OF HOSTS (Zec_14:21).
74. All that sacrifice shall come and take them and boil their sacrifices in them.
75. In that day there shall be no more a Canaanite in the house of the Lord of Hosts.
b

[burden of the word] The second burden mentioned by the prophet (Zec_9:1; Zec_12:1).

[which stretcheth forth the heavens, and layeth the foundation of the earth, and formeth the spirit of man within him]
Three great creative works of God:

1. Stretching out the heavens (Isa_42:5; Isa_44:24; Isa_45:12; Isa_45:18; Isa_48:13)

2. Laying the foundation of the earth (Psa_24:2; Psa_102:25; Psa_104:2-5)
3. Forming the spirit in man (Gen_2:7; Num_16:22)

NO REF IN MALACHI
(Mat 3:16) And when Jesus was baptized, He went up at once out of the water; and behold, the heavens were opened, and he [John] saw the Spirit
of God descending like a dove and alighting on Him.
(Dake)
Mat 3:16
a

[out of the water] Would such statements as "out of the water" (Mar_1:10), "they went down both into the water ... they were come up out
of the water" (Act_8:38-39), and others express baptism by burial or by sprinkling?

(Mat 5:18) For truly I tell you, until the sky and earth pass away and perish, not one smallest letter
nor one little hook [identifying certain Hebrew letters] will pass from the Law until all things [it
foreshadows] are accomplished.
(Dake)
Mat 5:18
a

[pass] Greek: parerchomai (G3928), pass away, be changed, or pass from one condition to another. They will never pass out of existence,
but they will be changed and purified by fire, becoming renewed again (Heb_1:10-12; Heb_12:25-29; 2Pe_3:10-13; Rom_8:21-24;
Rev_21:1). They remain forever (Ecc_1:4; Psa_72:17; Psa_89:36-37; Psa_104:5). They will pass away in the same sense old things pass
away when one becomes a new creature in Christ (2Co_5:17-18).

[jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled] A "jot" is the smallest letter and a "tittle" the smallest
ornament placed upon certain Hebrew letters. Every jot and tittle of the whole law or contract at Sinai was fulfilled, ended, and abolished in
Christ and "done away" by Him when He made the new contract (2Co_3:6-15; Act_15:5-29; Gal_3:19-25; Gal_4:21-31; Gal_5:1-5; Gal_5:18;
Eph_2:15; Col_2:14-17; Heb_7:11-28; Heb_8:6-13; Heb_9:1-22; Heb_10:1-18; Rom_10:4).

(Mat 16:2) He replied to them, [1] When it is evening you say, It will be fair weather, for the sky is
red,
(Mat 16:3) And in the morning, It will be stormy today, for the sky is red and has a gloomy and
threatening look. You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but you cannot interpret the
signs of the times.
(Dake)
Mat 16:3
a

[lowring] Dark; cloudy; threatening a storm. They could discern details of the weather, but could not discern prophetic signs of the times
or plain prophecy attested by miracles by their own Messiah. The many prophecies being fulfilled in John and Jesus constituted signs of the
times of that day.

[hypocrites] See notes on Job_27:8; Mat_6:2.

[but can ye not discern the signs of the times?] Question 76. Next, Mat_15:8.

(Mat 24:29) Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon
will not shed its light, and the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be
shaken.(4)
(Dake)
Mat 24:29
a

[Immediately after the tribulation] See Time of the Second Coming.

[those days] Great tribulation (notes, Mat_24:15-21).

[sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the
heavens shall be shaken] See note, Rev_6:12.

(Mat 24:30) Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky, and then all the tribes of the
earth will mourn and [9] beat their breasts and lament in anguish, and they will see the Son of Man
coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory [in brilliancy and splendor]. (5)
(Dake)
Mat 24:30
a

[And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven] And then-immediately after the tribulation (Mat_24:29-31;
Mat_25:31-46).

[all the tribes of the earth mourn] All in the immediate vicinity of Jerusalem, including the armies of all nations surrounding the city
(Zec_14:1-5; Rev_1:7). Many will not see Christ until He is here reigning and the saints take over all parts of the earth. Then people will go
up to Christ (Isa_2:2-4; Isa_52:7; Isa_66:19-21; Zec_8:23).

[see the Son of man coming] See with the natural eyes. Therefore it is not a spiritual coming (2Th_1:7-10; Rev_19:11-21; Zec_14:1-5).

[clouds of heaven] He went away in clouds and He will return with them (Act_1:9-11; Dan_7:13-14; Rev_14:14; Rev_14:16).

[power] Coming in power sufficient to defeat the armies of earth and Satan, all his fallen angels and demons in one day (Zech. 14;
Rev_19:11-21; Rev_20:1-3; Jud_1:14; 2Th_1:7-10; Isa_24:21-23; Joel 2).

[great glory] Mat_25:31; 2Th_1:7-10; 2Th_2:8.

(Mat 24:35)

[19]

Sky and earth will pass away, but My words will not pass away.

(Dake)
Mat 24:35
a

[pass away]

Pass Away
Greek: parerchomai (G3928), to change from one condition or state to another; pass away, as a person passes away in death, or as old things
pass away at the new birth (2Co_5:17). It never means annihilation, but a change only. The heavens and earth are eternal (Psa_72:5-17;
Psa_89:3-37; Psa_104:5; Ecc_1:4) and cannot pass out of existence. They will be changed (Heb_1:10-12; Heb_12:25-28; Rom_8:21-23), be
renovated by fire (2Pe_3:5-13), and be renewed (Rev_21:1), but never pass out of existence. They will be changed but "My words will not be
changed."

(Mat 26:64) Jesus said to him, [23] You have stated [the fact]. More than that, I tell you: You will in
the future see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of [24] the Almighty and coming on the clouds
of the sky.(8)
(Dake)
Mat 26:64
a

[Hereafter shall ye see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven] The 46th
New Testament prophecy in Matthew (Mat_26:64, unfulfilled). Next, Mat_27:63.

[sitting on the right hand of power] Mar_16:19; Act_2:33; Heb_1:3; Heb_12:2.

[coming in the clouds of heaven] Mat_24:29-30; Dan_7:13; Rev_1:7.

(Mar 1:10) And when He came up out of the water, at once he [John] saw the heavens torn open and
the [Holy] Spirit like a dove coming down [[8] to enter] [9] into Him.(3)

(Dake)
Mar 1:10
a

[straightway] See note, Mar_3:6.

[coming up out of the water] How could a person come up out of the water if He was not down in the water? Futhermore, would two
men do this only to get a cup of water to sprinkle or pour on one of them?

[he saw the heavens opened] Six men saw the heavens opened:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
d

Ezekiel (Eze_1:1)
Jesus (Mar_1:10)
Nathanael (Joh_1:51)
Stephen (Act_7:56)
Peter (Act_10:11)
John (Rev_4:1; Rev_11:19; Rev_19:11)

[dove descending upon him] Mat_3:16; Luk_3:21.

(Mar 13:25) And the stars will be falling from the sky, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken.
(4)

(Dake)
Mar 13:25
a

[stars of heaven shall fall] Only twice the stars or meteors are spoken of as falling:

1. In the sixth seal (Rev_6:12-17)

2. At Christ's coming (Mar_13:25; Mat_24:29)
b

[powers that are in heaven shall be shaken] This refers to the satanic hosts that now rule the air (Eph_2:1-3; Eph_6:12). They are
now above us, but will not be at the coming of Christ, for they will be cast down to earth 3 1/2 years before then (Rev_12:7-12). Isaiah
(Isa_24:21-22; Isa_34:4) spoke of them being defeated at the end of this age. Both Isaiah and Jesus made predictions of them while they
were powers in the heavenlies. At Christ's coming they not only will be shaken and completely defeated, but will be cast into prison for
1,000 years (Isa_24:21-22; Rev_20:1-10). The planets and the hosts of heaven are distinguished in 2Ki_23:4-5. The hosts of heaven are
intelligent beings and have been worshiped and served by men in past ages (2Ki_17:16; 2Ki_21:3; 2Ki_21:5; 2Ch_33:3-5; Jer_8:2;
Jer_19:13; Zep_1:5; Act_7:42). That they could not refer to the material heavens is clear from Heb_12:26 where God says He will shake

heaven only once more and this will be when the heavens and earth are renovated by fire at the end of the Millennium, or 1,000 years after
"the host" and "powers of heaven are shaken" as in the above prophecies (2Pe_3:5-13). The word "host" means a mass of persons, an army,
great company, and is so used 491 times of men and angels.

(Luk 2:8) And in that vicinity there were shepherds living [out under the open sky] in the field,
watching [in shifts] over their flock by night.
(Dake)
Luk 2:8
a

[shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night] A clear proof that Christ was not born in December.
Shepherds never kept flocks in the open in the winter from Oct. or Nov. to the next spring (cp. Mat_24:20). It was the custom to send flocks
out after the passover to stay until the first rain in Oct. or Nov. There are no less than 136 different opinions as to the year and the month
He was born. Christian sects have listed every month of the year, but it cannot be proved exactly when He was born.

(Luk 4:25) But in truth I tell you, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the
heavens were closed up for three years and six months, so that there came a great famine over all
the land;
(Luk 12:33) Sell what you possess and give donations to the poor; provide yourselves with purses
and handbags that do not grow old, an unfailing and inexhaustible treasure in the heavens, where
no thief comes near and no moth destroys.
(Dake)
Luk 12:33
a

[Sell that ye have, and give alms] This refers to treasures which God forbids hoarding (Mat_6:19; Mat_19:21; Luk_12:21; Luk_12:3334), not ordinary homes and necessities of life (Luk_12:34), for other passages make men responsible to provide for their own (1Ti_5:8).
The idea is not to hoard and covet like the example of Luk_12:13-21.

[bags which wax not old, a treasure in the heavens that faileth not, where no thief approacheth, neither moth
corrupteth] Money was kept in royal treasuries in bags, the value marked on each one and then sealed. Private bankers also followed this

plan. Money bags are mentioned in 2Ki_5:23; 2Ki_12:10; Job_14:17; Joh_12:6; Joh_13:29.

(Luk 12:56) You playactors (hypocrites)! You know how [intelligently] to discern and interpret and
[18]
prove the looks of the earth and sky; but how is it that you do not know how to discern and
interpret and apply the proof to this present time?
(Dake)
Luk 12:56
a

[Ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky and of the earth; but how is it that ye do not discern this time] After
calling their attention to two clear facts which they recognized (Luk_12:54-55), He then rebuked them for not being willing to accept the
plain facts of the times (Luk_12:56-57; Mat_16:1-4).

[but how is it that ye do not discern this time? Yea, and why even of yourselves judge ye not what is right?] Questions 8687. Next, Luk_13:2.

(Luk 17:24) For like the lightning, that flashes and lights up the sky from one end to the other, so
will the Son of Man be in His [own] day.
(Luk 21:26) Men swooning away or expiring with fear and dread and apprehension and expectation
of the things that are coming on the world; for the [very] powers of the heavens will be shaken and
[9]
caused to totter.
(Luk 21:33) The [11] sky and the earth ([12] the universe, the world) will pass away, but My words will
not pass away.
(Dake)
Luk 21:33
a

[Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away] See note, Mat_24:35.

(Act 2:19) And I will show wonders in the sky above and signs on the earth beneath, blood and fire
and smoking vapor;
(Dake)
Act 2:19
a

[blood] Rev_8:7-8; Rev_11:6; Rev_16:3-6; Eze_38:22.

[fire] Rev_8:5-8; Rev_9:17-18; Rev_11:5; Rev_16:8; Rev_18:8.

[vapour of smoke] Rev_9:2-3; Rev_9:17-18; Rev_18:9; Rev_18:18; Rev_19:3.

(Act 2:34) For David did not ascend into the heavens; yet he himself says, The Lord said to my Lord,
Sit at My right hand and share My throne
(Dake)
Act 2:34
a

[David is not ascended into the heavens] This refers to David's body in resurrection, not to his soul and spirit which are in heaven
(Heb_12:23; Eph_4:8-10; 2Co_5:8; Php_1:21-24).

[The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand] The 6th Old Testament prophecy fulfilled in Acts (Act_2:34; Psa_110:1).
Next, Act_3:22.

(Act 7:56) And he said, Look! I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing at God's right
hand!
(Dake)
Act 7:56
a

[Son of man] The 86th occurrence of this title of 88 times in the New Testament It is used 85 time by the Lord Himself in the 4 gospels.

See note, Joh_1:51.

b

[right hand of God] This is His rightful place by virtue of His achievements and exaltation to original glory (Joh_17:5; Eph_1:20-23;
Php_2:9-11; Heb_1:3-4; see note, Act_2:33).

(Act 10:11) And he saw the sky opened and something like a great sheet lowered by the four corners,
descending to the earth.
(Dake)
Act 10:11
a

[four corners, and let down to the earth] Let down from heaven by four corners and filled with clean and unclean creatures,
illustrating that God wills to save both Jews and Gentiles (Act_10:34-35; Act_11:1-18; Act_15:7-13).

(Act 19:35) And when the town clerk had calmed the crowd down, he said, Men of Ephesus, what
man is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is guardian of the temple of the great
Artemis and of the sacred stone [image of her] that fell from the sky?
(Dake)
Act 19:35
a

[townclerk] Greek: grammateus (G1122), used 67 times and translated "scribe" 66 times and only here "town clerk" (note, Mat_2:4).

[appeased] Greek: katastello (G2687), quieted. Here; Act_19:36.

[he said ...] He made six main points:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
d

No need of advertising the fact that all Ephesians worshiped Diana (Act_19:35).
No man was attempting to contest this fact (Act_19:36).
Not to act so rashly without just grounds for doing so (Act_19:36).
The persons accused were not guilty of breaking the civil laws (Act_19:37).
If they had broken any law, this was not the way to handle it (Act_19:38-39).
They themselves were breaking the law and might be called in question (Act_19:40).

[Ye men of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not how that the city of the Ephesians is a worshiper of the great

goddess Diana, and of the image which fell down from Jupiter?] Question 55. Next, Act_21:13.
e

[worshipper] Greek: neokoros (G3511), temple-sweeper, and means what our word sexton does. He means to say, "The whole city is
devoted to the worship of Diana and it is a reputed honor to the highest people to sweep her temple, and open and shut her doors. Besides,
we offer to her the highest sacrifices, and are entrusted with the religious services that pertain to the emperor's safety."

[fell down from Jupiter] The original image of Diana was supposed to have descended from heaven so long ago that no one knew its
maker or the time it was made. It was in the interests of the priests of Diana to persuade the people that it fell from heaven. Several sacred
things are supposed to have fallen from heaven. Euripides stated that the image of Diana of Tauri fell from heaven. Numa claimed that the
sacred shields were from heaven. Italian papists claimed that the shrine of our lady of Loretto was a divine gift from above. The image of
Minerva of Troy is supposed to have come from Jupiter. St. Isidore said that the heathen priests killed or banished the makers of these
things so they could induce the people to believe that they came from heaven.

(2Co 5:1) FOR WE know that if the tent which is our earthly home is destroyed (dissolved), we have
from God a building, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.
(Dake)
2Co 5:1
a

[tabernacle] Greek: skenos (G4636), tent. Only here and 2Co_5:4. This refers to our body which is compared to a tent in which we dwell.

[dissolved] Greek: kataluo (G2647), dissolve (2Co_5:1); throw down (Mat_24:2; Mar_13:2; Luk_21:6); overthrow (Act_5:39); destroy
(Mat_5:17; Mat_26:61; Mat_27:40; Mar_14:58; Mar_15:29; Act_6:14; Rom_14:20; Gal_2:18); come to nought (Act_5:38); lodge
(Luk_9:12); and be guest (Luk_19:7). When the body dies and goes back to dust again (Gen_3:19), we have a resurrected house to live in
forever. This body must be dissolved before we can get the other body. It is mortal and we, in our present house (2Co_5:5) in which we
groan, are burdened, greatly desiring the immortal body (2Co_5:2-5).

[building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens] This building is our future and eternal immortal house
which we get after this body is dissolved (2Co_5:1-5; 1Co_15:35-54).

(Eph 4:10) He Who descended is the [very] same as He Who also has ascended high above all the
heavens, that He [His presence] might fill all things (the whole universe, from the lowest to the
highest).
(Dake)

Eph 4:10
a

[that he might fill all things] That He might be the fountain of all spiritual, physical, and material gifts to human beings, dispensing
them to all people liberally according to their needs and wants (Jam_1:5-8; Jam_1:17; Mat_7:11; Mat_21:22; Mar_11:22-24; Joh_14:12-15;
Joh_15:7; Joh_15:16; Psa_34:9-10; Psa_84:11).

(Heb 1:10) And [further], You, Lord, did lay the foundation of the earth in the beginning, and the
heavens are the works of Your hands.
(Dake)
Heb 1:10
a

[Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid ...] The 5th Old Testament prophecy in Hebrews (Heb_1:10-12; Psa_102:25-27, unfulfilled).
Next, Heb_1:13. This will be fulfilled at the end of the Millennium when the heavens and earth will be renovated and made renewed
(Heb_1:10-12; Heb_12:25-28; Rom_8:21-25; 2Pe_3:10-13).

[foundation of the earth] See note, Mat_13:35.

[works of thine hands] With His hands God actually formed the earth (Psa_8:3; Psa_8:6; Psa_90:2; Psa_95:5); the heavens (Psa_8:3;
Psa_19:1; Psa_102:25); the planets (Psa_8:3; Isa_40:26; Isa_45:12; Isa_48:13; Heb_1:10); the living creatures (Gen_1:10-27; Gen_2:7-25;
Job_26:13; Rom_9:20; 1Ti_2:13); and all things (Pro_26:10).

(Heb 4:14) Inasmuch then as we have a great High Priest Who has [already] ascended and passed
through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our confession [of faith in Him].
(Dake)
Heb 4:14
a

[Seeing then that we have a great high priest] Paul mentioned Christ as our High Priest before (Heb_2:17; Heb_3:1), but did not
attempt to prove it until now, which he does at great length in Heb_4:13-10:39.

[that is passed into the heavens]

Christ Better than Other Priests

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Jesus Christ was God's only begotten Son (Heb_4:14; Heb_1:5-7; Heb_5:5; Joh_3:16).
He was not a descendent of earthly priests (Heb_7:11-14; Mat_1:1).
He passed into heaven to minister to us (Heb_4:14; Heb_7:25; Rom_8:34).
Jesus Christ was sinless (Heb_4:3; Heb_4:15).
He lives forever to help in the time of need (Heb_4:16; Heb_7:25).
He was not taken from among men or ordained by them, but sent from heaven and ordained by God (Heb_5:1; Heb_5:5; Joh_3:16;
Act_10:38).
7. Christ is a priest after the order of Melchizedek (Heb_5:6; Heb_5:10; Heb_5:20).
8. He was perfect (Heb_5:9).
9. Christ is the author of eternal salvation to all people who obey (Heb_5:9).
10. He made a way of access to God (Heb_4:14-16; Heb_10:19-23).
c

[passed into] Greek: dierchomai (G1330), go or pass through; arrive at (Heb_4:14; Luk_4:30; 1Co_10:1; 1Co_16:5).

[profession] Greek: homologia (G3671) (note, Heb_3:1).

(Heb 7:26) [Here is] the High Priest [perfectly adapted] to our needs, as was fitting--holy,
blameless, unstained by sin, separated from sinners, and exalted higher than the heavens.
(Dake)
Heb 7:26
a

[who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens]

Fivefold Character and Position of Christ

1. Holy (Heb_7:26; 1Pe_2:22)
2. Harmless. Greek: akakos (G172), without evil. Translated "simple" (Rom_16:18)
3. Undefiled. Greek: amiantos (G283), here; Undefiled. 13:4; Jam_1:27; 1Pe_1:4. Here it means that He had no physical imperfection and
nothing low, base, or unbecoming in His life and conduct
4. Separate from sinners. Greek: chorizo (G5563). Translated "separate" (Heb_7:26; Rom_8:35; Rom_8:39) and "put asunder" (Mat_19:6;
Mar_10:9). He lived a perfect life not being unequally yoked together with sinners in their sinful ways
5. Made higher than the heavens. He was more exalted than angels and all other created beings of heaven (Heb_7:26; Eph_1:20-23;
Php_2:9-11; 1Pe_3:22)

(Heb 12:26) Then [at Mount Sinai] His voice shook the earth, but now He has given a promise: Yet
once more I will shake and make tremble not only the earth but also the [starry] heavens. (10)
(Dake)
Heb 12:26
a

[Whose voice then shook the earth] This indicates that it was the voice of God that spoke the law on Sinai (Heb_1:1-2).

[Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven] The 27th and last Old Testament prophecy in Hebrews (Heb_12:26;
Hag_2:6, unfulfilled).

(Jas 5:18) And [then] he prayed again and the heavens supplied rain and the land produced its
crops [as usual]. [I Kings 18:42-45.]
(2Pe 3:5) For they willfully overlook and forget this [fact], that the heavens [came into] existence
long ago by the word of God, and the earth also which was formed out of water and by means of
water,
(Dake)
2Pe 3:5
a

[ignorant] Greek: lanthano (G2990), to be unseen or unnoticed. Translated "ignorant of" (2Pe_3:5; 2Pe_3:8); "unawares" (Heb_13:2);
and "be hid" (Mar_7:24; Luk_8:47; Act_26:26).

[that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water]

Twelve Things that People Are Willingly Ignorant Of

1. That by the Word of God the heavens were created of old (2Pe_3:5; Psa_68:33; Psa_93:2; Psa_102:25; Mic_5:2).
2. That the earth was established in and out of water (2Pe_3:5; Psa_24:2; Psa_136:6).
3. That "the world that then was" refers to the pre-Adamite world or social system which was destroyed by a great universal flood before
Adam (2Pe_3:6; Gen_1:2; Psa_104:5-9; Jer_4:23-26; Isa_14:12-14; Eze_28:11-17). See notes on these scriptures.
4. That the heavens and the earth which are now were restored from chaos and judgment about 6,000 years ago in Adam's day (2Pe_3:7;
Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25).
5. That the heavens and the earth entered their second sinful career through Adam and are now reserved for a second universal renovation

(by fire) at the time of the great white throne judgment at the end of the Millennium (2Pe_3:7; 2Pe_3:10-12; Rom_8:18-25; Heb_1:10-12;
Heb_12:25-28; Rev_20:7-15).
6. That with God a thousand years is like a day and a day like a thousand years. He inhabits eternity and is not subject to time to get His
work done before death as is the case with us (2Pe_3:8-9; Isa_57:15; Eph_3:11).
7. That the Lord is not slack concerning His promises but is longsuffering to all men, wishing that all would come to repentance (2Pe_3:9;
1Ti_2:4; Rev_22:17).
8. That the day of the Lord is to come as a thief in the night, in which day (the end of it) the heavens and the earth will be renovated and
made new a third time (2Pe_3:10-13; Isa_65:17; Isa_66:22-24; Rev. 21-22).
9. That all rebellion will then be put down (2Pe_3:13; 1Co_15:24-28).
10. That the righteous natural people left on earth after the rebellion of Rev_20:7-10 will multiply and replenish the new earth forever,
carrying out God's original program for Adam, as would have been done if man had not sinned (2Pe_3:13; Gen_1:26-31; Gen_8:22;
Gen_9:12; Isa_9:6-7; Isa_59:20; Dan_2:44-45; Dan_7:13-14; Dan_7:27; Mat_25:34; Mat_25:46; Luk_1:32-33; Rev_11:15; Rev_21:1-27;
Rev_22:1-5).
11. That God will move His capital city from the planet heaven to the planet earth to dwell with men forever and administer the affairs of the
universe from the earth (2Pe_3:13; Rev_21:1-22-5).
12. That the resurrected saints, saved from Abel to the Millennium, will be heirs of God and joint heirs with Christ and will reign as kings and
priests on earth helping God administer the affairs of the universe forever (2Pe_3:13; Psa_149:5-9; Dan_7:18-27; Mat_19:28; Rom_8:17;
1Co_4:8; 1Co_6:2; Eph_2:7; 2Ti_2:12; 2Th_1:4-10; Rev_1:6; Rev_2:26-27; Rev_5:9-10; Rev_11:15; Rev_12:5; Rev_20:4-6; Rev_22:5).
This ignorance of the Biblical facts is not forced upon man. They are willingly ignorant, preferring to remain in darkness, even scoffing at the
second coming of Christ and denying Him who bought them with His own blood (2Pe_2:1-2; 2Pe_3:5; 2Pe_3:8). They shut their eyes against
light and refuse all evidence.
c

[by the word of God the heavens were of old] This refers to God speaking the materials into existence out of which He then formed
the heavens and the earth (note, Heb_1:10).

[standing out of the water and in the water] This proves the earth was not created all wet as in Gen_1:2, but dry, then flooded, and
later restored to a dry state as in Gen_1:9-10.

(2Pe 3:7) But by the same word the present heavens and earth have been stored up (reserved) for
fire, being kept until the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly people.
(Dake)
2Pe 3:7
a

[which are now, by the same word are kept in store] The present heavens and the earth, as restored to a second perfect state in the
days of Adam (Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25; Exo_20:11).

[unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men] The 6th New Testament prophecy in 2 Peter (2Pe_3:7,
unfulfilled). Next, 2Pe_3:10. This proves that the time of the renovation of the heavens and the earth by fire of 2Pe_3:10-13 will be at the
time of the great white throne judgment at the end of the Millennium (2Pe_3:7; Rev_20:11-15).

(2Pe 3:10) But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, and then the heavens will vanish (pass
away) with a thunderous crash, and the [[1] material] elements [of the universe] will be dissolved
with fire, and the earth and the works that are upon it will be burned up.
(Dake)
2Pe 3:10
a

[the day of the Lord will come ...] The 7th and last New Testament prophecy in 2 Peter (2Pe_3:10-13, unfulfilled). See The Day of the
Lord.

[as a thief in the night] See note, 1Th_5:2.

[which the heavens shall pass away] In the day of the Lord the renovation of the earth will take place-not at the beginning of it, but at
the end (2Pe_3:7; Rev_20:7-15).

[heavens] The atmospheric heavens, not the starry space or the planet heaven.

[pass away]

Pass Away-Change
Greek: parechomai (G3928), pass away; pass from condition to another. It never means annihilation. Used of:
1. Passing of time (time is now past, Mat_14:15; 1Pe_4:3)
2. Events coming to pass (Paul's fast was past, Act_27:9)
3. The unchangeableness of God's Word-generations will pass and heaven and earth will be changed, but not the Word of God (Mat_5:18;
Mat_24:34-35; Mar_13:30-31; Luk_16:17; Luk_21:32-33)
4. People passing by certain places (Mat_8:28; Mar_6:48; Luk_18:37; Act_16:8)
5. Denoting neglect (Pharisees passed over judgment and the love of God, Luk_11:42)
6. The coming of persons (come forth, Luk_12:37; go, Luk_17:7; came, Act_24:7)
7. Never passing up duty (the prodigal's brother never transgressed, Luk_15:29)
8. Danger passing away (Jesus praying that the cup and the hour might pass, Mat_26:39; Mat_26:42; Mar_14:35)
9. Sins passing away (2Co_5:17)
10. Dying (pass away, Jam_1:10)
11. Passing away of the heavens and the earth (2Pe_3:10; Rev_21:1), or the changing of them, like old things passing away and all things

becoming new at the new birth (2Co_5:17). In this last usage it means they will be:
(1) Purified by fire (2Pe_3:7; 2Pe_3:10-12)
(2) Delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the sons of God (Rom_8:21)
(3) Changed to a new state (Heb_1:10-12)
(4) Re-created or renewed to their original perfection (Heb_12:25-28; Isa_65:17; Isa_66:22-24; 1Pe_3:13; Rev_21:1)
(5) Cleansed of all the curse and its effects (Rev_22:3)
f

[great noise] Greek: rhoizedon (G4500), a rushing sound; swish; illustrating the length and suddenness of the renovation. Used only
here.

[elements] Greek: stoicheion (G4747). Translated "element" (2Pe_3:10; 2Pe_3:12; Gal_4:3; Gal_4:9); "rudiment" (Col_2:8; Col_2:20);
and "principle" (Heb_5:12). It has reference to the principles or basic elements of the present world system of evil spirits, sinful and fallen
nature, germs, corruptions, and all elements by which people corrupt themselves.

[melt] Greek: luo (G3089), to loose. Translated "melt" (2Pe_3:10); "dissolve" (2Pe_3:11-12); "destroy" (Joh_2:19; 1Jn_3:8); "break up"
(Act_13:43); "break" (Mat_5:19; Joh_5:18; Joh_7:23; Joh_10:35; Act_27:41; Eph_2:14); "put off" (Act_7:33); "unloose" (Mar_1:7;
Luk_3:16; Joh_1:27); "be loosing" (Luk_19:33); and "to loose" 23 times (Mat_16:19; Mat_18:18; Mat_21:2; Mar_7:35; Mar_11:2-5;
Luk_13:15-16; Luk_19:30-33; Joh_11:44; Act_2:24; Act_13:25; Act_22:30; Act_24:26; 1Co_7:27; Rev_5:2; Rev_5:5; Rev_9:14-15;
Rev_20:3; Rev_20:7). Here it means the loosing of the atmospheric heavens and the earth from the curse by fire, not their annihilation.

[fervent heat] Greek: kausoo (G2741), burning heat (2Pe_3:10; 2Pe_3:12).

[earth] Greek: ge (G1093), the ground (2Pe_3:10).

[works] Greek: ergon (G2041), works, toil, deeds, labor, and acts of man. It is used of religious works as well as other kinds of work.

[burned up] Greek: katakaio (G2618), to burn down to the ground; wholly consume with fire. It has reference to the things of earth and of
man that need to be removed, so that the things that need not be moved may remain eternally (Heb_12:25-28).

(2Pe 3:12) While you wait and earnestly long for (expect and hasten) the coming of the day of God
by reason of which the flaming heavens will be dissolved, and the [ [3] material] elements [of the
universe] will flare and melt with fire?(3)
(Dake)
2Pe 3:12
a

[Looking for] Let us look forward to the renewal of the earth and to the day of God in the new earth when He will be all and all, as before
rebellion and sin (1Co_15:24-28; Rev_21:1-27; Rev_22:1-5).

[hasting unto the coming] Expecting and desiring the day of God. Man cannot hasten or hinder the coming of Christ, the coming
kingdom, the day of God, or anything else fixed in God's own time (Act_1:7).

[day of God] The day of God is when God rules supremely again over all His creation without one person rebelling against Him, and as it
was before Lucifer and Adam's rebellions (1Co_15:24-28; Eph_1:10; Rev_21:1-27; Rev_22:1-5; Isa_65:17; Isa_66:22-24; 2Pe_3:13).

[wherein the heavens being of fire shall be dissolved, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat] This will be at the end
of the day of the Lord and the beginning of the day of God (2Pe_3:7; 2Pe_3:10-13; 1Co_15:24-28; Rev_20:7-15).

(2Pe 3:13) But we look for new heavens and a new earth according to His promise, in which
righteousness (uprightness, freedom from sin, and right standing with God) is to abide. (4)
(Dake)
2Pe 3:13
a

[promise] Isa_65:17; Isa_66:22-24.

[new heavens and a new earth] Three times earth made new:

1. At its first creation (Gen_1:1)

2. At the recreation in the six days of Gen_1:3-31; Gen_2:1-25; Exo_20:11; Exo_31:153.
fire (2Pe_3:7; 2Pe_3:12-13; Isa_65:17; Isa_66:22-24; Rev_21:1-27; Rev_22:1-5)
c

At the renovation of the heavens and the earth by

[dwelleth righteousness] The earth was originally created to be inhabited (Isa_45:18). This purpose will be realized forever when the
natural people who do not rebel with Satan at the end of the Millennium (Rev_20:7-10) will remain on the earth after its renovation by fire
and multiply forever, as God intended Adam and his race to do before the fall (Gen_1:26-31; Gen_8:22; Gen_9:12; Isa_9:6-7; Isa_59:20;
Dan_2:44-45; Dan_7:13-27; Luk_1:31-33; Rev_11:15; Rev_22:5).

(Rev 6:13) And the stars of the sky dropped to the earth like a fig tree shedding its unripe fruit out
of season when shaken by a strong wind.(5)
(Dake)
Rev 6:13
a

[stars of heaven fell unto the earth] Five times the stars will become affected, corresponding with the sun above, but only twice are

they spoken of as falling to the earth: first, during the 6th seal (Rev_6:13); second, at the coming of Christ immediately after the tribulation
(Mat_24:29-31). There will be several years between the two events. This does not refer to true stars, all of which are much bigger than our
earth, but to meteors or shooting stars.

(Rev 6:14) And the [3] sky rolled up like a scroll and vanished, and every mountain and island was
dislodged from its place.
(Dake)
Rev 6:14
a

[heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together] This does not mean the extinction of the heavens any more than it does in
Rev_20:11 and Rev_21:1, for they are seen many times after this (Rev_8:1; Rev_8:10; Rev_8:13; Rev_9:1; etc.).

[every mountain and island were moved out of their places] This does not mean the extinction of the islands and mountains, for
several years later they are again affected by another great earthquake (Rev_16:20). The earth abideth forever (Ecc_1:4; Psa_1:4-5).

(Rev 9:1) THEN THE fifth angel blew [his] trumpet, and I saw a star that had fallen from the sky to
the earth; and to the angel was given the key [1] of the shaft of the Abyss (the bottomless pit).
(Dake)
Rev 9:1
a

[star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit] This is an intelligent person, not an
actual meteor or shooting star. Personal pronouns and personal acts are ascribed to him (Rev_9:1-2). Only an intelligent being could be
given a key to a material place and a command to obey, as here. Even Satan's angels are referred to as stars (Rev_12:3-9). There is no
indication that this is a fallen angel. He will descend from heaven to open the abyss, liberating the creatures who will fulfill this vision in
Rev. 9. He must be a holy and trusted angel to have the key to the pit. If a fallen one, he could liberate all the fallen creatures that are now
there. He is not the angel of the bottomless pit (Rev_9:11), for no king of demons could be trusted with such a key.

(Rev 10:5) Then the [mighty] angel whom I had seen stationed on sea and land raised his right hand
to heaven (the [1] sky),(1)

(Rev 10:6) And swore in the name of (by) Him Who lives forever and ever, Who created the heavens
([2] sky) and all they contain, and the earth and all that it contains, and the sea and all that it
contains. [He swore] that no more time should intervene and there should be no more waiting or
delay,
(Dake)
Rev 10:6
a

[time] Greek: chronos (G5550), time (Rev_10:6; Mat_2:7; Mat_2:16; Mat_25:19; Luk_1:57; Luk_4:5; Joh_5:6; Joh_14:9; Act_1:6-7;
Act_3:21; etc.). The idea is that delay in the time of fulfillment of the mystery of God (Rev_10:7) will be no longer. It could not mean that
time as we know it will come to an end, for time made up of seconds, hours, days, weeks, months, and years will go on forever (Gen_1:14;
Gen_1:18; Gen_8:22; Psa_72:5; Psa_72:17; Psa_89:36-37; Jer_31:35-36). Time is eternal and we are in eternal time now. In this sense we
are now in eternity, for we shall continue to exist forever either in heaven, earth, or hell. That time does not end here is clear from the next
verse, which speaks of days continuing after this (Rev_10:7). The rest of the revelation mentions many days, years, and times after this
delay no longer (Rev_11:1-3; Rev_12:6; Rev_12:14; Rev_13:5; Rev_20:4-7; etc.).

(Rev 11:6) These [two witnesses] have power to shut up the sky, so that no rain may fall during the
days of their prophesying (their [1] prediction of events relating to Christ's kingdom and its speedy
triumph); and they also have power to turn the waters into blood and to smite and scourge the earth
with all manner of plagues as often as they choose. (4)
(Rev 12:4) His tail swept [across the sky] and dragged down a third of the stars and flung them to
the earth. And the dragon stationed himself in front of the woman who was about to be delivered, so
that he might devour her child as soon as she brought it forth. (2)
(Dake)
Rev 12:4
a

[third part of the stars of heaven] Symbolic of the third of God's angels that rebelled with Lucifer and showing how many will be with
him in the future war in heaven under the 7th trumpet (Rev_12:4; Rev_12:7-12).

[stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was born] This is the

dragon's first purpose-to destroy the man-child as soon as it is born. He fails in this because God takes the man-child to heaven (Rev_12:5).

(Rev 12:12) Therefore be glad (exult), O heavens and you that dwell in them! But woe to you, O earth
and sea, for the devil has come down to you in fierce anger (fury), because he knows that he has
[only] a short time [left]!(6)
(Dake)
Rev 12:12
a

[wrath] Ten things constituting the 3rd woe:

1. Great tribulation such as never was or will be again (Mat_24:15-22; Dan_12:1; Rev_7:9-17; Rev_11:15-19:21)
2. War on Israel (Rev_12:13-15; Dan_8:24; Dan_11:40-45; Dan_12:1; Mat_24:15-22)
3. War on the remnant (Rev_12:17)
4. Forced worship of Satan and Antichrist (Rev_13:4-18; Rev_14:9-11; Rev_15:2-4; Rev_20:4-6)
5. War on Christians (Rev_12:11; Rev_7:9-17; Rev_13:7-10; Rev_14:13; Rev_15:2-4; Rev_20:4-6)
6. Deception by miracles (Rev_13:13-17; Rev_16:13-16; Rev_19:20; 2Th_2:8-12; Mat_24:24)
7. Physical brands on people enforced by law and the death penalty (Rev_13:16-18; Rev_14:9-11)
8. Forced denial of God, Christ, and the Holy Spirit (Rev_13:1-5; Rev_14:9-11)
9. World wars (Dan_11:40-45)
10. Mobilization of all nations to Armageddon where they will be killed by the millions (Rev_14:17-20; Rev_16:13-16; Rev_19:19-21;
Eze_39:2; Joel 3; Zech. 14)

(Rev 13:13) He performs great signs (startling miracles), even making fire fall from the sky to the
earth in men's sight.
(Rev 16:21) And great (excessively oppressive) hailstones, as heavy as a talent [between fifty and
sixty pounds], of immense size, fell from the sky on the people; and men blasphemed God for the
plague of the hail, so very great was [the torture] of that plague. (11)
(Dake)
Rev 16:21

[a talent] Greek: talantiaios (G5006), about 114 pounds.

(Rev 19:17) Then I saw a single angel stationed in the sun's [4] light, and with a mighty voice he
shouted to all the birds that fly across the sky, Come, gather yourselves together for the great supper
of God,(9)
(Dake)
Rev 19:17
a

[the supper of the great God] The supper of the great God:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The invited guests (Rev_19:17; Mat_24:28; Luk_17:34-37; Eze_39:17-21)

The supper foretold (Rev_19:18; Mat_24:28; Luk_17:37; Isa_34:3; Eze_39:17)
The supper gathered (Rev_19:19; Rev_14:14-20; Rev_16:13-16; Rev_17:14; Ezekiel 38-39; Zec_14:2)
The supper slain and prepared (Rev_19:20-21; Rev_14:14-20; Isa_34:1-17; Isa_63:1-7; Ezekiel 38-39; Joel 3; Zech. 14)
The supper eaten (Rev_19:21; Mat_24:28; Luk_17:37; Eze_39:17-21)

(Rev 20:11) Then I saw a great white throne and the One Who was seated upon it, from Whose
presence and from the sight of Whose face earth and sky fled away, and no place was found for
them.
(Dake)
Rev 20:11
a

[great white throne, and him that sat on it]

Seven Judgments of Scripture

1. Judgment of believers' sins in the cross of Christ (Joh_12:31-32)
(1) Subjects: believers as to sin (Rom_6:10; Heb_9:25-28)
(2) Time: on the cross (Joh_3:14; 1Pe_2:24; Joh_17:4)
(3) Place: Calvary (Luk_23:33; John 19)
(4) Basis: Christ's perfect work (Joh_3:16; Joh_5:24; Rom_6:8)
(5) Result: death to Christ; life to believers (Rom_4:1-24; Rom_5:1-21; Rom_8:1-16)

2. Believers' self-judgment throughout life (1Co_11:31-32)

(1) Subjects: believers walking in the the light (1Jn_1:7)
(2) Time: every day (Rom_6:16-23; Rom_8:1-13; Eph_4:22-32; Col_3:5-17)
(3) Place: in the earth (Rom_8:1-16; Heb_12:5-11)
(4) Basis: obedience to God and His Word (Jam_1:22-25)
(5) Result: chastisement or approval from God (Heb_12:5-11)
3. Judgment of Israel for her many centuries of rebellion (Eze_20:33-44)
(1) Subjects: the living Jews of the future tribulation (Zec_12:10-14; Zec_13:1)
(2) Time: during the great tribulation (Jer_30:3-11; Mat_24:4-15; Dan_9:27; Dan_12:1)
(3) Place: Palestine, Edom, and Moab (Zec_12:1-14:21; Dan_11:40-45; Isa_16:1-5; Eze_20:33-44; Hos_2:14-17; Mat_24:15-31; Rev_12:6;
Rev_12:14)
(4) Basis: obedience to God and His Word (Jam_1:22-25)
(5) Result: conversion of Israel as a nation at the second coming (Isa_1:27; Isa_66:7-8; Jer_30:3-11; Eze_22:19-22; Zec_12:10-14;
Zec_13:1; Mat_23:37-39; Mat_24:31; Rom_11:25-29)
4. Judgment of angels for rebellion against God (2Pe_2:4; Jud_1:6-7)
(1) Subjects: fallen angels (2Pe_2:4; 2 Peter 4; Jud_1:6-7; Rev_12:7-12; 1Co_6:3)
(2) Time: at the great white throne judgment after the Millennium (2Pe_2:4; Jud_1:6-7; Rev_20:11-15)
(3) Place: before the great white throne in heaven (Rev_20:11-15)
(4) Basis: obedience to God (2Pe_2:4; Jud_1:6-7; Eze_28:11-17)
(5) Result: eternal damnation in the lake of fire (Rev_20:10; Mat_25:41; Mat_25:46)
5. Judgment of believers' works (Rom_14:10; 1Co_5:10-11; 2Co_3:11-15, notes)
6. Judgment of the living nations at the second coming (Mat_25:31-46, notes)
7. Judgment of the wicked dead (Rev_20:11-15; Act_17:21; Rom_2:16)
(1) Subjects: The wicked dead (Rev_20:5-6; Rev_20:12-15) who are not judged at the judgment of the nations 1,000 years before
(Mat_13:30; Mat_13:39-50; Mat_24:51; Mat_25:3-46; Rev_14:9-11; Rev_19:20). These include all wicked people from Adam to end
of Millennium.
(2) Time:
(A) End of the Millennium (Rev_20:7-15)
(B) When heavens and earth are renovated by fire (Rev_20:11; 2Pe_3:7-13; Heb_1:10-12; Heb_12:25-28; Rom_1:21-23)
(3) Place: at the great white throne (Rev_20:11; Psa_9:7-8). The throne is literal and the white indicates absolute righteousness and
justice of the judgment (Psa_45:6-7; Psa_96:10-13; Joh_7:24; Act_17:31; 2Ti_4:8), just as white robes indicate the righteousness of
the saints (Rev_19:8)
(4) Basis:
(A) Law of conscience (Rom_2:12-16)
(B) Law of memory (Luk_16:25)
(C) Law of Moses (Rom_2:12-16)
(D) Law of character (Heb_3:8-10; Eph_4:19)
(E) Gospel (Rom_2:12-16)
(F) Records of personal acts (Mat_12:36; Luk_12:2-9; Joh_3:18; Rev_20:12)
(G) The book of life (Rev_3:5; Rev_13:8; Rev_17:8; Rev_20:12; Rev_20:15; Rev_21:27; Rev_22:18-19; Exo_32:32-33; Psa_69:28;
Dan_12:1; Luk_10:20; Php_4:3)

(H) The Word of God (Joh_12:48)

(5) Judges:
(A) God the Father (Rev_20:12; Heb_12:23-24; Heb_13:4; Rev_6:10; Rom_2:12-16)
(B) God the son (Joh_5:19-27; Act_10:42; 2Ti_4:8; Rev_19:11). God will judge by Jesus Christ. The Father will decree, the son will
execute (Act_10:42; Act_17:31; Rom_2:16).
(6) Nature: It will not be a spiritual, invisible, endless process but a definite, literal, visible, and personal trial in God's court similar to a
trial on earth (Rev_20:11-15; Psa_9:8; Mat_7:2; Mat_7:21; Act_17:31; Rom_2:12-16; Heb_9:27)
(7) Universality:
(A) The sea gave up the dead in it. This could only refer to bodies, for souls and spirits of the wicked dead do not remain in the sea at
physical death. They go to hell and await the resurrection of their bodies (Rev_20:13; Luk_16:19-31; Isa_14:9).
(B) Death gave up the dead that are in it. This could only refer to bodies, for the body only dies at physical death (Jam_2:26). Souls are
dead in trespasses and in sins while yet in the body (Mat_8:22; Eph_2:1-9; 1Ti_5:6). Physical death only, therefore, could be the
reference
(C) Hades delivered up the souls that are in it (Rev_20:13). Souls and not the bodies of the wicked go to Hades (Luk_16:19-31, notes)
(8) Purpose:
(A) To give every man a fair trial before his eternal punishment (Act_17:31; Psa_9:8)
(B) To judge the secrets of people (Rom_2:16)
(C) To judge idle words (Mat_12:36)
(D) To judge all the works, thoughts, actions, and sins of man (1Ti_5:24; 1Pe_1:17; Rev_20:12-13; Rev_22:12; Rom_2:5-6; Rom_2:1216)
(E) To mete out degrees of punishment according to deeds (Mat_7:2; Mat_10:15; Mat_11:22-24; Mat_12:41-45; Mat_23:12-14;
Mat_23:33; Mar_6:11; Luk_10:14; Luk_11:31-32; Rev_20:11-15; Rev_22:12)
(9) Length: time in judging all the wicked is not known, but the length of the sentence for all will be eternall (Mat_5:29-30; Mat_10:28;
Mat_13:42-50; Mat_18:9; Mat_23:15; Mat_23:33; Mat_24:51; Mat_25:41; Mat_25:46; Mar_9:42-48; Luk_12:5; Heb_6:2;
Heb_10:26-31; Rev_2:11; Rev_14:9-11; Rev_19:20; Rev_20:10-15; Rev_21:8; Rev_22:15; Isa_66:22-24)
(10) Results: all in death and hell sent to the lake of fire (Rev_20:14-15)
b

[fled] Greek: pheugo (G5343), to flee. Translated "flee" 28 times (Mat_3:7; Mat_10:23; Joh_10:5; etc.) and "escape" (Heb_11:34;
Heb_12:25). That it is used in a figurative sense here and in Rev_12:6; Rev_16:20 is clear. If it were literal, the heavens and islands would
not be in existence at this time, for twice they flee in the tribulation (Rev_6:14; Rev_16:20). They will never pass out of existence for they
are eternal (Psa_72:8-10; Psa_72:17; Psa_78:69; Psa_89:36; Psa_97:1-6; Psa_104:5; Ecc_1:4). The reference is to the shaking of the
heavens and the earth as if they were passing away (Psa_18:7; Psa_60:2; Psa_68:8; Isa_44:23; Isa_54:10; Isa_55:12; Isa_64:1-3)

(Rev 21:1) THEN I saw a new [1] sky (heaven) and a new earth, for the former [2] sky and the former
earth had passed away (vanished), and there no longer existed any sea. (1)
(Dake)
Rev 21:1

[new heaven and a new earth] This will be the result of the renovation of the heavens and the earth by fire (2Pe_3:10-13, notes). The
New Heavens and New Earth are mentioned in Rev_21:1; 2Pe_3:13; Isa_65:17; Isa_66:22-24.

[were passed away] Greek: parerchomai (G565), pass from one condition to another (note, 2Pe_3:10).

[no more sea] The large oceans covering about three-fourths of the earth will be no more, but there will be an abundance of rivers, lakes,
and small seas on earth forever (Psa_72:8-17; Psa_97:1-6; Psa_146:6; Isa_42:10; Isa_60:5; Isa_66:19; Ezekiel 47; Zec_14:8; Jer_5:22;
Jer_31:35; Jer_33:22; etc.).