Structural Analysis (II)

Method (2)

Chapter 5: Deflection

Conjugate beam Method ....

. Slope() Deflection (y)

Conjugate beam:

Deflection (y) ) (
. Slope( )

( M ) ( -M ) ( Elastic load ) ( Conjugate beam)

EI
:
Rotation or Slope( )or (y')= Shear force of elastic load = Qelastic
Deflection ( )or (y)= Moment of elastic load = Melastic
Real(Original) beam

Conjugate beam:

Elastic load = d(y) =- M

Load = dM(x) = w

EI
dx
Rotation = d(y) = Qelastic
dx

dx

Shear = dM(x) = Q
dx

Deflection = y = Melastic

Moment = M(x)

- M/EI

wt/m'

Rotation)

Deflection)

Structural Analysis (II)

Chapter 5: Deflection

(Conjugate beam) ( Original beam)

Conjugate Support

Real Support

Fixed support

Free end

M 0 , Q0

0 ,0

Free end

Fixed support

M = 0 , Q=0

= 0 , =0
End support (Roller or Hinge)

End support (Roller or Hinge)

M = 0 , Q0

= 0 , 0

Interior support (Roller or Hinge)

Internal hinge

= 0 , 0

M = 0 , Q0
L

Internal hinge
L

0 , L R 0

(QL=QR)

(R = L)
R

Interior support (Roller or Hinge)

M 0 , QL QR

Examples
Real Beam

Conjugate Beam

(???)
Indetreminate Beam

Structural Analysis (II)

Chapter 5: Deflection

Steps of Solution :

.Conjugate beam method ( ) ( y)

FOR Real beam
Reactions

Bending Moment Diagram

Examples

. ( B.M.D)

6t

(1)

12t.m

WL

= 24m.t

3t/m`

12t.m

B.M.D
WL

= 24m.t

(2)
4 t/m`

6t

2 t/m`
C

15 t

21 t
WL/8=32m.t

8 m.t

14 t
WL/8=9m.t

12 m.t

B.M.D

8 m.t

12 m.t

B.M.D
WL/8=32m.t

WL/8=9m.t

)Structural Analysis (II

Chapter 5: Deflection

) ( Inertia )( Inertia
:

8t

8t

2I

8t

12mt

6mt

B.M.D
12mt

12mt

12mt

2I

Modified B.M.D

6mt

Or

3mt
6mt

12mt

6mt

I
12mt

24mt

FOR Conjugate beam

) (Given ) (Conjugate Beam .
) (Conjugate Beam ) (Elastic loads ).(Modified B.M.D
) (Elastic loads ).(Conjugate Beam
= ) (
).( B.M.D

= ) (C.g ).( B.M.D

) ( B.M.D ) ( Elastic loads .

ML

Datum

1
2ML

Datum

Structural Analysis (II)

Chapter 5: Deflection
1
2M1L

M1

Datum

1
2M2L

M2
Datum

2
3ML

M1

1
2M1L

M1

Datum

M2

Datum

M2

1
2M2L

Datum

M1
Datum

M1
M2

1
2M1L

Datum

M2

Datum

M1
M1

1
2M2L

1
2M1L

2
3ML

Datum

1
2M2L

M2

M2
Datum

2
3ML

Structural Analysis (II)

Chapter 5: Deflection

.( Rotation) (Deflection )

Rotation ( )=

Qelastic

Deflection (y) =

Qelastic

Melastic

Moment

Shear force

Negtive )

Positive )
Q

-ve

+ve

+ve

( )= - ve

Negtive )

Positive )
M

( )= + ve

Melastic

( y )= + ve

-ve

( y )= - ve

Solved Examples
Ex(1)

Using the Conjugate beam method, determine the rotation at points (a,b,c and d)
and deflection at points(c,d and e).
a

10t

2t/m'
c

Solution

10t
d

3t

EI = Constant

Reactions and Bending moment diagram (Original beam)

10t

2t/m'

10t

18.8t
a

3t

16.2t

6.0t.m
c

2*3
t.m
8 =2.25

47.4t.m

46.8t.m
2*3
t.m
8 =2.25

Structural Analysis (II)

Chapter 5: Deflection

Elastic loads( Area of bending moment)

6.0
6.0

2.25

12

71.1

t.m

47.4

46.8
71.1 70.2

Modified B.M.D( M )
EI
93.6

4.5

4.5

Conjugate beam

93.6

71.1
4.5
70.2

b
d

138.7

12

4.5
71.1
164.3

( M)
EI

6.0

12

Elastic Reactions

269.4
e

6.0

93.6

4.5
71.1

71.1
4.5
70.2

Elastic loads on Conjugate beam

132.7

Structural Analysis (II)

Chapter 5: Deflection

Required rotation and deflection

Rotation ( )=

Qelastic

Melastic

Deflection (y) =
Left

Right

+ve Sign summary

+ ve

Point (a)

a = 1 [164.3] = + 164.3 (Clockwise)

EI
EI

164.3

Point (c)

c = 1 [164.3-4.5-71.1] = + 88.7 (Clockwise)

EI
EI
yc = 1 [164.3(3)-4.5(1.5)-71.1(1)] = + 415.05 (Down)
EI
EI

93.6

164.3

Point (d)

b
d

12

d = 1 [ -138.7 -12 +93.6] = - 57.1 (Anti-Clockwise)

EI
EI

Point (e)

e = 1 [ -132.7] = - 132.7 (Anti-Clockwise)

EI
EI
ye = 1 [ -268.8] = - 269.4 (Upward)
EI
EI

138.7

b = 1 [-138.7] = - 138.7 (Anti-Clockwise)

EI
EI

138.7

4.5
71.1

Point (b)

269.4
e

132.7

Structural Analysis (II)

Ex(2)

Chapter 5: Deflection

Using the Conjugate beam method, determine the rotation at points (a,b,c and d )
and deflection at points(c and d ).

4t
d

4t/m'

2I

Solution
12t.m
d

Required rotation and deflection

B.M.D

Point (a)
a = 1 [+7.88] = + 7.88 (Clockwise)
EI
EI

18

18

12
3

9t.m

Conj.beam

d = 1 [-10.12] = - 10.12 (Anti-Clockwise)

EI
EI
yd = 1 [+ 12.36] = + 12.36 (Downward)
EI
EI

12.36

10.12

4.5

36

Elastic loads
a
d

18

36

9
18

18

7.88

9
18

Point (d)

18t.m

36
d

18

14.62

c = 1 [18 - 14.62 - 4.5]

EI
= - 1.12 (Anti-Clockwise)
EI
yc = 1 [14.62(3) + 4.5(1.0) -18(1.125)]
EI
= + 28.11 (Downward)
EI

18

4.5

14.62

18

4.5

4.5

18

b = 1 [-14.62] = - 14.62 (Anti-Clockwise)

EI
EI
d

2I

4*6
t.m
8 =18.0

Point (b)

Point (c)

6t.m

Elastic Reactions

Structural Analysis (II)

Ex(3)

2t/m'

Chapter 5: Deflection

Using the Conjugate beam method, determine :

* the rotation at points (a ,b,d and e ),
* the relative (change in) rotation at point( f ),
* the deflection at points(d ,e ,f and j).
j

6t

Solution
f

16t

2t/m'
j

4t

6t

EI = Constant
c

3t

6.75t

16.25t
40

10
10t.m

5t.m
b

9t.m

1t.m

16t.m

1.33
27
85.33
85.33

1.33

27

40

85.33

10
b

29.33

40

16

16

1.33

27

10

24.13

10.2

10

Structural Analysis (II)

Chapter 5: Deflection

Required rotations and deflections

a = 1 [+29.33]
EI
29.33
= +
(Clockwise)
EI

Point (b)

29.33

Point (f)(Internal Hinge )

f/L = 1 [-16+10-1.33] = - 7.33 (Anti-Clockwise)
EI
EI
f/R = 1 [-16+10-1.33+24.13 ] = + 16.8 (Clockwise)
EI
EI

16

f/L ]= + 16.8- -7.33 = + 24.13 = Rf

EI
EI
EI
EI
yf = 1 [-16(2)+10(1.33)-1.33(1)] = - 20 (Upward)
EI
EI

16

24.13

10

f/rel = [f/R

b = 1 [-16] =-16
EI
EI
(Anti-Clockwise)

1.33

Point (a)

10

Point (d)
d = 1 [29.33+10-42.7] = - 3.37 (Anti-Clockwise)
EI
EI

5t.m
d

29.33

yd= 1 [+29.33(4)+10(1.33)-42.7(1.5)]
EI
=+66.6
(Downward)
EI

16t.m

Point (e)

42.7

e = 1 [13.5-10.2 ] = + 3.3 (Clockwise)

EI
EI

ye= 1 [+10.2(3)-13.5(1)] = + 17.1 (Downward)

EI
EI

9t.m

10.2
13.5

Point (j)
Real beam
6t

2t/m'

Conj. beam
16.88

6.75t

29.33

2.25

t.m

11.25t.m
4.5

M = 6.75(3) - 6(1.5) = 11.25t.m

j

y = 1 [+29.33(3)-16.88(1) -4.5(1.5)] = + 64.36

EI
EI
j

(Downward)

11

Structural Analysis (II)

Ex(4)

Chapter 5: Deflection

Using the Conjugate beam method, determine :

* the rotation at points (c and e ),
* the relative (change in) rotation at point( d ),
* the deflection at points(c ,e and d ).
2t/m'

Solution

I d

2I

2I

7t
a

2I

8t.m

4t.m

B.M.D(Original beam)

16t.m

3.5

3.5

24.2

4t.m

4t.m 2t.m

4.0
c

21.33

16t.m

21.33

42.67
a

8.0

4.0

8.0

42.67

Elastic Reactions

4t

I d

7t.m

Conjugate beam

13t

7t

7t.m

2I

4t

16t

2t/m'

Reactions(Original beam)
7.0t.m

[take EI = 6000 t/cm]

8.0

4.0

8.0

16.29
c

4.0

27.25

12.29

12

Structural Analysis (II)

Chapter 5: Deflection

Required rotations and deflections

Point (c)

27.25

12.29
1 [-12.29] = - 0.002rad (Anti-Clockwise)
c = 6000
1 [-27.25] = - 0.454 cm (Upward)
yc = 6000

Point (d)(Internal Hinge )

3.5

24.2

1 [+ 3.5] = 5.833*10 -4 rad (Clockwise)

d/L = 6000
1 [+ 3.5 + 24.2 ] = + 4.6167*10 -3 (Clockwise)
d/R = 6000
d/rel =

d/R

24.2 = 4.033*10-3 rad

- d/L = Rd = 6000
EI

1 [3.5(0.67)] = + 0.039 cm (Downward)

yd = 6000

21.33

Point (e)
e

4.0

8.0

16.29

1 [-16.29-8-4+21.33] = - 0.00116 rad (Anti-Clockwise)

e = 6000
1 [16.29*4 + 8*2.67+ 4*1.33-21.33*1.5] = + 0.997 cm
ye = 6000

(Downward)

13