Topic :

capacitor
Prepared by :
Ashwini R. Binnar
Guided by Mr. Lullhe

Introduction
Defination of capacitor:

Capacitor displays its true

characteristics only when a
change in voltage is made in the
network.

To store the electric charge

per unit volume it is called

What is purpose of
capacitor
The main function of
capacitor are
To Store electricity or
energy & also
To supply required reactive
power
To improve power factor of

Capacitors

A basic capacitor has two parallel

plates separated by an insulating
material
A capacitor stores an electrical charge
between the two plates
The unit of capacitance is Farads (F)
Capacitance values are normally
smaller, such as F, nF or pF

Capacitance
The relationship between
voltage difference and charge
is normally linear

This allows us to define

capacitance

Capacitance has units of

Coulomb/Volt
Farad,
Q Also known as a
C
C
abbreviated
FF V
V
Q C V

A Farad is a very large

amount of capacitance

Capacitors in Parallel
When capacitors are joined at
V
both ends like this, they are
said to be in parallel

They have the same

voltage across them Q1 C1V

They can be treated like a Q C V

2
2
single capacitor:

C1
Q C V

C2
C C1 C2

Q Q1 Q2 C1 C2 V

Capacitors in Series
When capacitors are joined at
Q C1V1
V
one end, with nothing else,
C
Q C2 V2
they are said to be in series
1
C

They have the same

2
Q
Q
voltage across them V V1 V2
Q

They can be treated like a

C1 C2 C 1 1 1
C C1 C2
single capacitor

Capacitors
Storing a charge
between the plates

Electrons on the left plate

are attracted toward the
positive terminal of the
voltage source

+
+

_
_

This leaves an excess of

positively charged holes
The electrons are pushed
toward the right plate
Excess electrons leave a
negative charge

Energy density in a
capacitor
Energy density is energy

over volume

U 12 C V

A
2

u E
1
2 0

We can associate the energy with

the electric field itself

This formula can be shown to be

completely generalizable

It has nothing in particular to do

with capacitors

Capacitors
Types of Capacitors
_ Fixed mica, ceramic,
electrolytic, tantalum and
polyester-film
Tantalum
capacitor

Aluminum
electrolytic
capacitor

Sliver mica
capacitor

Different types of
capacitor

Ac motor
capacitor

Water
pump
capacitor

Motor run
capacitor

Electrolytic capacitor

Some capacitors
are polarised, they
can only be
connected one
way around
Electrolytic
capacitors are
polarised
Used as to stored

Variable Capacitors

Variable capacitors are

used in communication
equipment, radios,
televisions and VCRs
They can be adjusted by
consumers by tuning
controls
Trimmers are internal
adjusted capacitors
that a consumer cannot
adjust
Used to radio tunning

Capacitors
Polyester-film Capacitors
_ The capacitor can be used for
both dc and ac networks.

Metalized polyester film capacitor

(MPE)

Capacitors
Ceramic Capacitors
_ Made in different shapes and sizes but
the basic construction is the same
_ Ceramic capacitors have very low leakage
current and can be used in both dc and ac
networks.

Different type of ceramic

Applications
_ Capacitors find applications in:
_ Electronic flash lamps for cameras
_ Line conditioners
_ Timing circuits
_ Electronic power supplies
_ Transmission line

Thank's...