Science in China Series A: Mathematics

Nov., 2008, Vol. 51, No. 11, 19891999

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2-Cocycles of original deformative Schr

odingerVirasoro algebras
LI JunBo1, 2 , SU YuCai3 & ZHU LinSheng2
1

Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

Department of Mathematics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China

Department of Mathematics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
(email: sd junbo@163.com, ycsu@ustc.edu.cn)

Abstract Both original and twisted Schrodinger-Virasoro algebras, and also their deformations were
introduced and investigated in a series of papers by Henkel, Roger and Unterberger. In the present
paper we aim at determining the 2-cocycles of original deformative Schr
odinger-Virasoro algebras.
Keywords:
MSC(2000):

Schr
odinger-Virasoro algebras, 2-cocycles, second cohomology groups
35K55, 35B40

Introduction

Both original and twisted Schrodinger-Virasoro algebras, and also their deformations were introduced by Henkel[1, 2] , Unterberger[2, 3] and Roger[3], in the context of non-equilibrium statistical
physics, closely related to both Schrodinger Lie algebras and the Virasoro Lie algebra, which
are known to be important in many areas of mathematics and physics (e.g., statistical physics).
Unterberger[4] constructed the explicit non-trivial vertex algebra representations of the original sector. Later the derivation algebra and automorphism group of the twisted sector were
determined (cf. [5]). Almost at the same time, the derivations, central extensions and automorphism group of the extended sector were investigated by Gao, Jiang and Pei[6] . Furthermore,
irreducible modules with finite-dimensional weight subspaces and indecomposable modules over
both original and twisted sectors were considered, and the second cohomology group of a class
of twisted deformative sectors was determined by the authors[7, 8] .
The infinite-dimensional Lie algebras L, (, C) considered in this paper called the
original deformative Schr
odinger-Virasoro Lie algebras (cf. [3]), possess the same C-basis
1
{Ln , Mn , Yp | n Z, p 2 + Z} with the following Lie brackets:
[Ln , Lm ] = (m n)Lm+n ,


+1
n + Yp+n ,
[Ln , Yp ] = p
2
[Ln , Mm ] = (m n + 2)Mm+n ,

(1.1)
[Yp , Yq ] = (q p)Mp+q ,

(1.2)

[Yp , Mm ] = [Mn , Mm ] = 0.

(1.3)

Received February 11, 2008; accepted April 25, 2008; published online August 30, 2008
DOI: 10.1007/s11425-008-0115-y
Corresponding author
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10471091, 10671027),
Foundation of Shanghai Education Committee (Grant No. 06FZ029) and One Hundred Talents Program from
University of Science and Technology of China

LI JunBo et al.

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Our purpose is to determine the 2-cocycles of the original deformative Schr

odinger-Virasoro
algebras L, (, C) defined above. The 2-cocycles on Lie algebras play important roles in
the central extensions of Lie algebras, which can be used to construct many infinite-dimensional
Lie algebras, and further to describe the structures and some of the representations of these
type Lie algebras. As the cohomology groups are closely related to the structure of Lie algebras
(e.g., the close relations between the first cohomology group and the derivation algebras and Lie
bialgebras[912]), the computation of cohomology groups seems to be important and interesting
as well. Maybe due to the reasons stated above, there appeared a number of papers on 2-cocycles
and cohomology groups of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and conformal algebras[1319]. Now
let us formulate our main results below.
Recall that a 2-cocycle on some L, is a C-bilinear function : L, L, C satisfying
the following conditions:
(v1 , v2 ) = (v2 , v1 ) ( skew-symmetry),
([v1 , v2 ], v3 ) + ([v2 , v3 ], v1 ) + ([v3 , v1 ], v2 ) = 0 (Jacobi identity),

(1.4)

for v1 , v2 , v3 L, . Denote the vector space of 2-cocycles on L, by C 2 (L, , C). For any
C-linear function f : L, C, define a 2-cocycle f as follows:
f (v1 , v2 ) = f ([v1 , v2 ]),

v1 , v2 L, ,

(1.5)

which is usually called a 2-coboundary or a trivial 2-cocycle on L, . Denote the vector space
of 2-coboundaries on L, by B 2 (L, , C). A 2-cocycle is said to be equivalent to a 2-cocycle
if is trivial. For a 2-cocycle , we denote the equivalent class of by []. The quotient
space H2 (L, , C) = C 2 (L, , C)/B 2 (L, , C) is called the second cohomology group of L, .
Usually one calls a 2-cocycle on L, the Virasoro cocycle, denoted by Vir , if
(Ln , Lm ) =

n3 n
m,n , while other components vanishing.
12

(1.6)

The main results of the paper can be formulated as follows:

Theorem 1.1.
(i) If
/ { 12 Z}, then for any C, H2 (L, , C)
= C is generated by the
Virasoro cocycle.
(ii) For 12 + Z and = 3, 1, 1, H2 (L, , C)
= C is generated by the Virasoro cocycle.
(iii) For 12 + Z and = 3, H2 (L3, , C)
= C2 is generated by the Virasoro cocycle and
an independent cocycle of the form c(Ln , Yp ) = n,p (all other components vanishing).
(iv) For 12 + Z and = 1, H2 (L1, , C)
= C3 is generated by the Virasoro cocycle and
other two independent cocycles c1 and c2 defined by (all other components vanishing)
c1 (Mm , Yp ) = p,m3 , c2 (Lm , Yp ) =

m(m + 1)
p,m .
2

(v) For 12 + Z and = 1, H2 (L1, , C)

= C3 is generated by the Virasoro cocycle and
other two independent cocycles c1 and c2 defined by (all other components vanishing)
c1 (Lm , Yp ) = m(m2 1)p,m ,
c2 (Lm , Mn2 ) = c2 (Ym , Yn ) = m(m2 1)m,n .

2-Cocycles of original deformative Schr

odinger-Virasoro algebras

1991

(vi) For Z, if = 1, H2 (L, , C)

= C is generated by the Virasoro cocycle; while if
2
= 1, H2 (L1, , C)
C
is
generated
by
the
Virasoro cocycle and an independent cocycle of
=
the form c(Yp , Yq ) = q,p2 (p + ) (all other components vanishing).
Throughout the paper, we denote by Z the set of all nonzero integers, by C the set of all
nonzero complex numbers and C\Z = {x | x C , x
/ Z }.
2

Proof the main results

Let be any 2-cocycle. Define a C-linear function f : L, C as follows:

1

(L0 , Ln ) if n = 0, C ,
n
f (Ln ) =

1
(L , L ) if n = 0, C ,
1
1
2
1
1
1

/ Z
if n = 2, Z or
n + 2 (L0 , Mn )
2
2
f (Mn ) =

1
1

(L1 , M21 ) if n = 2, = 1 and Z,

+1
2

1
1
1

(L0 , Yp )
/ + Z,
if p = , + Z or

p+
2
2
f (Yp ) =

2
1

(L1 , Y1 ) if p = , = 3 and + Z.
+3
2

(2.1)

(2.2)

(2.3)

Let = f Vir where f and Vir are respectively defined in (1.5) and (1.6), then
(Lm , Ln ) = 0, m, n Z.

(2.4)

The proof of Theorem 1.1 is included in the following three technical lemmas.
Case 1.

/ 12 Z

Lemma 2.1.
Proof.

= 0.

According to (2.2) and (2.3), one has

(L0 , Yp ) = (L0 , Mn ) = 0, n Z, p

1
+ Z.
2

(2.5)

For any p, q 12 + Z, using the Jacobi identity on the triple (L0 , Yp , Yq ), together with (2.4),
we obtain (p + q + 2)(Yp , Yq ) = 0, which together with our assumption
/ 12 Z forces
(Yp , Yq ) = 0.

(2.6)

For any m, n Z, p 12 + Z, using the Jacobi identity on the four triples (Lm , Yp , L0 ),
(Lm , Mn , L0 ), (Yp , Mn , L0 ) and (Mm , Mn , L0 ) in (1.4) respectively, one has
(m + p + ) (Lm , Yp ) = 0,

(2.7)

(m + n + 2) (Lm , Mn ) = 0,

(2.8)

(p + n + 3) (Yp , Mn ) = 0,

(2.9)

(m + n + 4)(Mm , Mn ) = 0.

(2.10)

Then our assumption

/ 12 Z, together with (2.7) and (2.8) gives
(Lm , Yp ) = (Yp , Mn ) = (Lm , Mn ) = 0.

(2.11)

LI JunBo et al.

1992

Similar to the proof of Subcase 1.3 given in [8], one also has
(Mm , Mn ) = 0, m, n Z.

(2.12)

Then this lemma follows.

This lemma in particular proves Theorem 1.1 (i).
Case 2.

1
2

+Z

Lemma 2.2.
For any C, = 0 unless the following subcases:
(i) if = 1, then (Mm , Ym3 ) = (M0 , Y3 ), (Lm , Ym ) = m(m+1)
(L1 , Y1 );
2
(ii) if = 3, then (Lm , Ym ) = (L0 , Y );
(iii) if = 1, then (Lm , Ym ) = m(m2 1)c1 , (Ym , Ym ) = m(m2 1)c1 ,
(Lm , Mm2 ) = m(m2 1)c1 ; for any m Z, and some constants c1 , c1 C.
Proof.

According to (2.2) and (2.3), one has

(L0 , Yp ) = 0 if p = ,

(L1 , Y1 ) = 0 if = 3,

(L0 , Mn ) = 0 if n = 2,

(L1 , M21 ) = 0 if = 1.

(2.13)
(2.14)

For any m, n Z, p, q 12 + Z, using the Jacobi identity on the triples (L0 , Yp , Mm ), (L0 , Mm ,
Mn ), (L0 , Yp , Yq ), (L0 , Lm , Mn ) and (L0 , Lm , Yp ) in (1.4) respectively, together with (2.13)
and (2.14), one has
(p + m + 3)(Yp , Mm ) = 0,

(2.15)

(m + n + 4)(Mm , Mn ) = 0,

(2.16)

(p q)(L0 , Mp+q ) + (p + q + 2)(Yp , Yq ) = 0,

(2.17)

(m 2 n)(L0 , Mm+n ) + (m + n + 2)(Lm , Mn ) = 0,

(2.18)

(m(1 + ) 2(p + ))(L0 , Ym+p ) + 2(m + p + )(Lm , Yp ) = 0.

(2.19)

For any m Z, p 12 + Z, p = 2 m
2 , using the Jacobi identity on the triple (Yp4 , Ypm ,
Mm ), one has (m + 2p 4)(Mm4 , Mm ) = 0, which together with (2.16), gives
(Mm , Mn ) = 0, m, n Z.

(2.20)

Using (2.14), the identities (2.17) and (2.18) can be rewritten as

(Yp , Yq ) = (L0 , M2 ) = (Lm , Mn ) = 0 if (p + q + 2)(m + n + 2) = 0.

(2.21)

The identities (2.13) and (2.19) together give

(Lm , Yp ) = 0 if m + p = ,

( L0 , Y ) = 0 if = 3.

(2.22)

From (2.4), (2.15) and (2.20)(2.22), the left components we have to present in this case are
listed in the following ( n Z, p 12 + Z):
(Yn , Ln ), (L2n , Mn ), (Y2p , Yp ) and (Mn , Yn3 ).
Step 1. The computation of (Mn , Yn3 ), n Z

2-Cocycles of original deformative Schr

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1993

For any m, n Z, using the Jacobi identity on the triple (Lnm , Yn3 , Mm ), one has
2(m( 1 + ) + 2 n)(Mn , Yn3 )
= (4 + (3 + )n ( + 1)m)(Mm , Ym3 ).
If = 0, taking m = 0 in (2.23), one has

(Mn , Yn3 ) =

(2.23)


3n
(M0 , Y3 ).
1+
4

(2.24)

Substituting (2.24) back into (2.23), one has

(m n)(m(1 + ) + 2(n + 2))(M0 , Y3 ) = 0,
which forces (M0 , Y3 ) = 0 and further (Mn , Yn3 ) = 0, n Z by (2.24). If =
0, 2
/ Z, taking m = 0 in (2.23), one has

(Mn , Yn3 ) =

3n + 4 + n
(M0 , Y3 ).
4 2n

Similarly, one also can prove (Mn , Yn3 ) = (M0 , Y3 ) = 0. If = 0,

m = 0 in (2.23), one has
(Mn , Yn3 ) =

3n + 4 + n
2
(M0 , Y3 ) if n =
.
4 2n

Z, taking

(2.25)

2
Taking (m, n, ) = ( 2
, 1, 1) and (m, n) = ( , 0) in (2.23) respectively, and using (2.25), one
has

(6 1)(1 + )
1

(M0 , Y3 ), if = 1, = ,

2 1
2

1
(2.26)
(M 2 , Y 2
)=
if = 1, = ,
(M1 , Y 52 ),

2(1 + 2)
2

(M0 , Y3 ),
Z.
if = 0, 1,
1

For the special case = 1, = 12 , by taking n = 2 in (2.25) and m = 2, n = 1 in (2.23), we

obtain
(M2 , Y 72 ) = 4(M1 , Y 52 ) = 5(M0 , Y 32 ),
which gives
5
(M1 , Y 52 ) = (M0 , Y 32 ).
4
Taking (m, n) = (0, 2
) in (2.23), one has

3(+1)
(M0 , Y3 )

(M0 , Y3 ) = 0,

(2.27)
= 0, which infers

if = 0, 1.

Then adding up the results obtained after (2.27), one has

if 1 = C, + Z,
0,
2
(Mn , Yn3 ) =

1
(M , Y
+ Z.
0
3 ), if = 1,
2

(2.28)

(2.29)

LI JunBo et al.

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Step 2. The computation of (Yn , Ln ), n Z

Applying the Jacobi identity on the triple (Lm , Ln , Ymn ), m, n Z, one has
(2mn( + 3))(Lm , Ym )
= (m( + 3) 2n)(Ln , Yn ) + 2(m + n)(Lnm , Ymn ).

(2.30)

Replacing n by n and m by m + n in (2.30) respectively, one has

(2m+n( + 3))(Lm , Ym )
= (m( + 3) + 2n)(Ln , Yn ) + 2(m n)(Lnm , Ym+n ),

(2.31)

(2(m+n) n( + 3))(Lmn , Ym+n )

= ((m + n)( + 3) 2n)(Ln , Yn ) + 2(m + 2n)(Lm , Ym ).

(2.32)

If = 3, by taking n = 1 then (2.30) can be rewritten as

(m + 1)(L1m , Ym1 ) m(Lm , Ym ) = (L1 , Y1 ).

(2.33)

Using induction on m in (2.33), we obtain

(Lm , Ym ) = (L0 , Y ),

m Z.

(2.34)

If = 3, taking n = 1 in both (2.31) and (2.32), together with (2.13), we have

(2m ( + 3))(Lm , Ym ) = 2(m + 1)(L1m , Ym1 ),

(2.35)

(2(m 1) + ( + 3))(L1m , Ym1 )

= ((m 1)( + 3) + 2)(L1 , Y1 ) + 2(m 2)(Lm , Ym ).

(2.36)

If ( + 5)( 1) = 0, then identities (2.35) and (2.36) together give

(Lm , Ym ) =

2(m + 1)(( + 1) m( + 3))

(L1 , Y1 ).
2 + 4 5

(2.37)

Taking (Lm , Ym ) and (L1m , Ym1 ) obtained from (2.37) back to (2.35), one has
m(2m 3)(2 + 4 + 3)
(L1 , Y1 ) = 0, m Z,
2 + 4 5

(2.38)

which forces (since the index m can be shifted and our assumption = 3) (2 + 4 + 3)
(L1 , Y1 ) = 0. In other words, the system consisting of linear equations (2.35) and (2.36) has
nonzero solutions
if and only if = 1 under our assumption ( + 5)( 1)( + 3) = 0.

(2.39)

If = 1, then (2.37) can be rewritten as

m(m + 1)
(L1 , Y1 ), m Z.
2

(2.40)

(m 2)(Lm , Ym ) = (m + 1)(L1m , Ym1 ),

(2.41)

(Lm , Ym ) =
If = 1, then (2.35) becomes

2-Cocycles of original deformative Schr

odinger-Virasoro algebras

1995

which further gives (by taking m = 2 in (2.41))

(L1 , Y1 ) = 0.
Then using induction on m in (2.41), one can deduce

m(m2 1)c1 if m  2 1,
(Lm , Ym ) =

m(m2 1)c2 if m < 2 1,

(2.42)

(2.43)

for some constants c1 , c2 C. One thing left to be done is to investigate the relations between
the constants c1 and c2 . If = 1, then (2.36) becomes
(m + 2n)(Lm , Ym ) = (2m + n)(Ln , Yn ) + (m n)(Lnm , Ym+n ),
(m n)(Lmn , Ym+n ) = (2m + n)(Ln , Yn ) + (m + 2n)(Lm , Ym ),
which together with each other force
(2m + n)((Ln , Yn ) + (Ln , Yn )) = 0.

(2.44)

Then using (2.43) and (2.44), we obtain c1 = c2 , which together with (2.43) gives
(Lm , Ym ) = m(m2 1)c1 , m Z.

(2.45)

If = 5, then (2.31) and (2.32) convert to the following form:

(m n)(Lm , Ym ) = (n m)(Ln , Yn ) + (m n)(Lnm , Ym+n ),

(2.46)

(m + 2n)(Lmn , Ym+n ) = (m + 2n)(Ln , Yn ) + (m + 2n)(Lm , Ym ). (2.47)

Furthermore, taking n = 1 in both (2.46) and (2.47), and using (2.13), one has
(m + 1)((Lm , Ym ) (L1m , Ym1 )) = 0,
(m 2)((Lm , Ym ) (L1m , Ym1 )) = (m 2)(L1 , Y1 ).
Then recalling (2.13), one can deduce the following relation:
(Lm , Ym ) = 0, m Z.

(2.48)

If
/ {5, 3, 1, 1}, the identities (2.37) and (2.38) together also force (2.48) to hold.
Step 3. The computation of (L2n , Mn ), n Z
Using the Jacobi identity on (L2m , Ln , Mmn ), m, n Z, we obtain
(m + 2n(1 + ))(Lm2 , Mm ) (m + 2 + n)(Lnm2 , Mmn )
= ((m + 2)(1 + ) n)(Ln , Mn2 ).

(2.49)

Replacing n by n and m by m + n in (2.49), one respectively gets

(m + 2+n(1 + ))(Lm2 , Mm ) (m + 2 n)(Lnm2 , Mm+n )
= ((m + 2)(1 + ) + n)(Ln , Mn2 ),

(2.50)

(m + 2n)(Lnm2 , Mm+n ) (2n + m + 2)(Lm2 , Mm )

= ((n + m + 2)(1 + ) n)(Ln , Mn2 ).

(2.51)

LI JunBo et al.

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Then using the same arguments given in Lemma 2.2 of [8], we obtain the following results.
If = 0, then
(m + 2)(m + 2 + 1)
(L1 , M12 ),
2

m Z.

(2.52)

(Lm2 , Mm ) = (m + 2 1)(m + 2)(m + 2 + 1)c1 ,

m Z,

(2.53)

(Lm2 , Mm ) =
If = 1, then

for some constant c1 C. If = 1, then

if m  2,
(m + 2)(L0 , M2 ),
(Lm2 , Mm ) =

(m + 2 + 2)(L , M
0
2 ), if m < 2,
by (2.21), which can be rewritten as
(Lm2 , Mm ) = 0, m Z.

(2.54)

(Lm2 , Mm ) = 0, m Z.

(2.55)

If
/ {1, 0, 1}, then

Step 4. The computation of (Y2p , Yp ), p

1
2

+Z

Using the Jacobi identity on (Lm , Yn , Ym+n ), m, n Z, one has

(m(1+) 2n)(Ymn , Ym+n )
= 2(m + 2n)(Lm , Mm2 ) (m(3 + ) + 2n)(Yn , Yn ).

(2.56)

In particular, taking n = 0 in (2.56), one has

m(1 + )(Ym , Ym ) = 2m(Lm , Mm2 ) m(3 + )(Y , Y ).

(2.57)

If = 1, then (2.56) becomes

(Lm , Mm2 ) = (Y , Y ), m Z ,
which together with (2.54) forces (Y , Y ) = (L0 , M2 ) = 0. Then (2.54) can be rewritten
as
(Lm2 , Mm ) = 0,

m Z.

(2.58)

So in this case, (2.56) can be rewritten as

(Ym , Ym ) = m(Y1 , Y1 ), m Z.
Then (2.56) becomes m(m + n)(Y1 , Y1 ) = 0, which implies (Y1 , Y1 ) = 0, and
further
(Ym , Ym ) = 0,

m Z.

(2.59)

2-Cocycles of original deformative Schr

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If = 0, using (2.52) and (2.57), we obtain

(Ym , Ym ) = m(m + 1)(L1 , M12 ) 3(Y , Y ), m Z ,

(2.60)

which together with (2.56) gives 6(Y , Y ) + mn(L1 , M12 ) = 0, n Z, m Z and

further forces (Y , Y ) = (L1 , M12 ) = 0. Then recalling (2.52) and (2.60), we obtain
(Lm2 , Mm ) = (Ym , Ym ) = 0, m, n Z.

(2.61)

If = 1, using (2.53) and (2.57), we obtain

(Ym , Ym ) = m(m2 1)c1 2(Y , Y ), m Z ,

(2.62)

for some constant c1 C. Using (2.53), (2.62) and (2.56), we obtain (Y , Y ) = 0. Then
(2.62) can be rewritten as
(Ym , Ym ) = m(m2 1)c1 ,

m Z .

(2.63)

If
/ {1, 0, 1}, using (2.55) and (2.57) with n = 0, we obtain
m(1 + )(Ym , Ym ) = m(3 + )(Y , Y ),
which gives
(Ym , Ym ) =

3+
(Y , Y ),
1+

m Z .

(2.64)

Taking (2.64) back to (2.56), one has (Y , Y ) = 0, which gives

(Ym , Ym ) = 0, m Z.

(2.65)

Then this lemma follows.

Then the lemma proves Theorem 1.1 (ii)(v).
Case 3.
Z
Lemma 2.3.
(i) For the subcase = 1, one has = 0.
(ii) For the subcase = 1, only (Yp , Yp2 ) ( p 12 + Z) is not vanishing, given in (2.71).
Proof.

One has
1
+ Z,
2
(L0 , Mn ) = 0, if n = 2, (L1 , M21 ) = 0 if = 1.

(L0 , Yp ) = 0, p

For any m, n Z, p, q
one has

1
2

(2.66)
(2.67)

+ Z, according to the identities (2.15)(2.19), (2.66) and (2.67),

(p + q + 2)(Yp , Yq ) = (m + n + 2)(Lm , Mn ) = 0,

(2.68)

(L0 , M2 ) = (m + n + 4)(Mm , Mn ) = (Yp , Mm ) = (Lm , Yp ) = 0.

(2.69)

Similarly, one also can prove that (2.20) holds in this case. Then from (2.66)(2.69), the left
components we have presented in this case are listed in the following (where m is an arbitrary
integer):
(Y2m , Ym )

and (L2m , Mm ),

LI JunBo et al.

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which will be taken into account together as follows.

As in Case 2, the results (2.52)(2.55) still hold in this case. Hence we shall cite them
directly here using the same notations. Using the Jacobi identity on (Lm , Yp , Ym+p2 ),
m Z, p 12 + Z, one has
(22p + m(1 + ))(Ymp , Ym+p2 )
= 2(m + 2p 2)(Lm , Mm2 ) (2p 2 + m(3 + ))(Yp , Yp2 ).

(2.70)

If = 1, then (2.70) becomes (recalling (2.54))

( p)(Ymp , Ym+p2 ) + (p + m)(Yp , Yp2 ) = 0,
from which we can deduce
(Yp , Yp2 ) = (p )c,

1
+ Z,
2

(2.71)

for some constant c C. If = 0, using (2.52) and (2.70), we obtain (taking m = 1)

(2(p + 1) (2 + 1))(Y1p , Yp12 ) = (2(p 1) (2 + 1))(Yp , Yp2 ).
Using induction on n = p

1
2

(2.72)

where p is that determined in (2.72), one has

(Yp , Yp2 ) = (2(p + 1) (2 + 1))(2p (2 + 1))c ,

(2.73)

for some constant c C. Taking (Lm2 , Mm ) and (Yp , Yp2 ) respectively given in (2.52)
and (2.73) back to the identity (2.70), we obtain
m(m + 1)(4(m 1)(L1 , M12 ) + (2p + 2 m)c ) = 0,

m Z, p

1
+ Z,
2

which forces (L1 , M12 ) = c = 0. Then (2.52) and (2.73) becomes

(Lm2 , Mm ) = (Yp , Yp2 ) = 0,

m Z, p

1
+ Z.
2

(2.74)

If = 1, using (2.53) and (2.70), we obtain (taking m = 1)

(p + 1 )(Y1p , Yp12 ) = (p 2 )(Yp , Yp2 ).
Using induction on n = p

1
2

(2.75)

where p is that given in (2.75), one has

(Yp , Yp2 ) = (p 1 )(p )(p + 1 )c ,

1
+ Z.
2

(2.76)

Taking (Lm2 , Mm ) and (Yp , Yp2 ) respectively given in (2.53) and (2.76) back to (2.70),
one can deduce
c1 m(m2 1)(m + 2p 2) c m(m2 + p2 + m(p 1) 2p(1 + ) + (2 + )),
for any m Z, p

1
2

+ Z, which forces c1 = c = 0. Then

(Lm2 , Mm ) = (Yp , Yp2 ) = 0,

m Z, p

1
+ Z.
2

2-Cocycles of original deformative Schr

odinger-Virasoro algebras

1999

If
/ {1, 0, 1}, using (2.55), one can rewrite (2.70) as (taking m = 1)
(2p 2 1 )(Y1p , Yp+12 ) = (2p 2 + 3 + )(Yp , Yp2 ).
Similarly, one also can deduce that (2.65) holds in this case. Then this lemma follows.
Then the lemma proves Theorem 1.1 (vi).
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