MT 21_CAD/CAM 3(1-2)

Lecture: Week 1

Than Lin, Ph.D.

Instructor, Undergraduate Program
Asian Institute of Technology

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Grading: Quizzes (10%) Mid

Mid-Term
Term Exam (30%)
Laboratory Exercises (10%) & Project (10%) and Final Exam (40%)
CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Textbook:
Kunwoo Lee Principles of CAD/CAM/CAE Systems.

References:
References
Farid M. Amirouche, Principles of Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing,
2nd Edition,
Edition Prentice-Hall,
Prentice Hall 2004
2004.
P N Rao CAD/CAM Principles and Applications

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Introduction to CAD/CAM/CAE
Contents
Overview
Definitions
D fi iti
off CAD,
CAD CAM,
CAM and
d CAE
Integrating the Design and Manufacturing Process
through
h
haC
Common D
Database
b
Using CAD/CAE/CAM Systems for
Product
d Developmentl
Practical
i l Example
l

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Overview

Figure: Product Cycle

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Result of Synthesis
A conceptual design of the prospective product in the form of sketch (layout drawing)
that shows the relationships among the various product components
The major financial commitments needed to realize the product idea are made
The functionality of the product is determined
Most of the information generated and handled is qualitative and consequently is hard
to capture in the computer system

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Analysis Sub-Processes

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Definitions of CAD/CAM/CAE
Computer Aided Design (CAD) The technology concerned with the use of
computer
t systems
t
to
t assist
i t in
i the
th creation,
ti
modification,
difi ti
analysis,
l i and
d
optimization of a design [Groover and Zimmers 1984]
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)- the technology concerned with the
use of computer systems to plan, manage, and control manufacturing
operations through either direct or indirect computer interface with the
plants production resources
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)- The technology concerned with the
use of computer systems to analyze CAD geometry, allowing the designer to
simulate and study how the product will behave so that the design can
be refined and optimized

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Definitions of CAD/CAM/CAE
CAD,CAM, and CAE- Concerned with automating specific functions of
the product cycle and making more efficient
Developments done separately,
separately not fully realized the potential of integrating
the design and manufacturing activities of the product cycle
CIM has been introduced to solve this problem, aimed at trying the separate is
lands of automation together into a smoothly running, efficient system.
CIM-concerned with using the computer database as a way to run an entire
enterprise more efficiently, having an impact on accounting, scheduling,
shipping, and other management functions

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Integrating the Design & Manufacturing Process through a

common database-A
database A Scenario

To show how CAD/CAM/CAE are overla

id on the product cycle to
realize the goals of better quality(Q),
lower Cost, and Quick delivery(D)

Assume [Design specification calls for the

p
]
cabinet to have four spaces]
-Disc player
-Cassette player
-Receiver
Receiver
-Storage compartment

Figure:
Audio
Fi
A di system
t
cabinet to be
designed

Designer to determine Dimensions of Ca

binet, Material, thickness and
considers assemblyy
CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Integration of CAD/CAM/CAE through the data-base

Figure: Integration of CAD,CAM and CAE through

the database
CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Using CAD/CAM/CAE Systems for Product Development-A Practical Example

-Task To design & Manufacture

the front piece of cellular phone
-Assume that Styling and
p
design
g carried out
conceptual
CAD
Mold Design
Mold Flow
CAM

Mold Assembly

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

A case study of CAD/CAE/CAM

Four steps in the product cycle of this arm lift weight

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Step 1
Conceptual and geometric design (CAD)

Design - Using drafting software to draw the outline curve

Model
M d l - Using
U i 3D modeling
d li software
ft
tto model
d l th
the partt as a
revolution surface
Database - Store the design as a file in computer
Computer-aided drafting system and geometric modeling
system are the two most important components of CAD.

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Step 2
Analysis of CAD geometry and optimization (CAE)
Simulation
Analyses
y of stress,, strain,, deformation,, heat transfer,, kinema
tics, linkage, dynamics, fluid flow, etc.
Optimization
Finite-element
Fi
it l
t method
th d (FEM) is
i the
th mostt widely
id l usedd method
th d in
i
CAE.

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Finite-Element Method
Finite-element
Finite element modeling
Divide the CAD geometry into small pieces of required shape
to approximate
pp
the design
g by
y a mesh
mesh.
Finite-element
Finite element analysis
Calculate stress, strain, displacement etc. at any place in the
model byy solvingg a set of system
y
equations
q
and shape
p functio
ns on the mesh.
(An Example)

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Step 3
Modify the design geometry (CAD again)

Get
G t feed
f d back
b k ffrom th
the Fi
Finite-element
it l
t analysis
l i
Modify the design geometry and other design data acc
ordingly

(An Example)

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Step 4
Make it, that is, manufacture it (CAM)
Manufacturing process planning
Use computer technology to plan, manage, and control
manufacturing process.
Numerical control (NC) machining
Th ttechnique
The
h i
off using
i programmed
d iinstructions
t ti
to
t control
t la
machine tool that grinds, cuts, mills, punches, bends, or turns
raw stock into the finished part.
part
Rapid prototyping
Build a prototype of the part directly from the CAD model as a
sstack
c of
o layers
ye s by means
e s of
o laser
se or
o other
o e techniques.
ec ques.
CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

What is made of CAD/CAM/CAE

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Computer science: algorithms

Your program:

My program:

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Math: geometry
v2
v1

p2
S(u) = ???

p1
Gi
Given
t points
two
i t p1 andd p2, andd two
t vectors
t v1 andd v2,
find four vectors a0, a1, a2, and a3, such that the vector

function S(u) = a0 + a1u + a2u2 + a3u3 satisfies:

1.

it is a smooth function in (0u1), and

2
2.

its meets the boundary conditions

S(0) = p1 and dS(u)/du|u=0 = v1
S(1) = p2 and dS(u)/du|u=1
u 1 = v2
CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Design the profile using a drafting software

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Modeling the part using a 3D geomet

ric modeling software
CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Basic 3D mesh elements

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

The triangular mesh of the model

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Property analysis
Finitee element
e e e method
e od (FEM)
(
)
or Finite difference method (F
DM) or Finite volume method
For static and dynamics responses
Meshing boundary condition i
teration

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Property analysis

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Illustration of an FEM process

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

New design: one arc of radius 25 now should be a curve of height 25 and
width 45 that is required to smoothly connect to its two adjoining lines.

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Before (without NC)

Now (with NC)

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

NC Machining Programming
To program the NC machine tool to correctly cut the part

Given the CAD data:

1.

How to compute the

correct tool path
(dotted)?

2.

How to identify and

determine the two
phases of machining?

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)

Rapid Prototyping

Fi
Figure
11. A schematic
h
ti drawing
d
i off a LOM process.

Laminated Object Manufacturing

CAD/CAM 3(1-2), AIT-UG (January 2013)