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Design requirements
1. Maximum bending stress, fb must not exceed allowable stress, Fb.
2. Deflection should not exceed allowable limit.
3. Maximum shear stress, fv shall not exceed allowable shear stress.
Design procedure:
1. Calculate design load.
2. Calculate design moment, M and bending stress, fb.
3. Select a trial beam size and calculate allowable bending stress, Fb (see below)
4. Calculate deflection and check with allowable deflection ratio.
5. Calculate design shear and shear stress, fv.
6. Calculate allowable shear stress, Fv.
When
[ASD F1-6]
When
[ASD F1-7]
For any value of l/rT.
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S-Beam-ASD
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[ASD F1-8]
Note: for channels bent, allowable stress is determined from [F1-8].
Where
rT (inch) is radius of gyration of a section comprising the compression flange plus 1/3 of the compression web area, taken about an axis in
(note: rT is available in AISC steel table for most W and I section)
Af is area of flange,
Cb = 1.75+1.05(M1/M2)+0.3(M1/M2) but not more than 2.3.
M1 and M2 are the smaller and the larger applied moments
M1/M2 is positive if M1 and M2 have the same sign.
W and I shape hot-roll section bending about its minor axis,
1. Compact section: allowable bending stress,
Fb = 0.75 Fy
2. Non-compact section: allowable bending stress
Fb = 0.60 Fy
Maximum width-thickness for compression flange for W, I and Channel section
a. Compact section: bf/t 65/Fy.
b. Non-compact secton: bf/t 95/Fy.
Cantilever beams:
1. For cantilever beam, the compression flange is at the bottom of the beam. If the bottom flange is unbraced, the unsupported length is th
cantilever beam.
2. If bracing is provided at the bottom flange, the unsupported length is the spacing between bracings.
Continuous beams:
1. For the positive moment portion of the beam, the compression flange is at the top of the beam. The unsupported length is determined a
supported beam.
2. For the negative moment portion of the beam, the compression flange is at the bottom of the beam. The unsupported length is determin
cantilever beam.
D+L
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Roof members
Supporting plaster ceiling
Supporting non-plaster ceiling
Not supporting ceiling
Floor members
Exterior walls and interior partitions
With brittle finishes
With flexible finishes
L/360
L/240
L/180
L/360
L/360
L/240
L/180
-
L/240
L/180
L/120
L/240
L/240
L/120
Example 1:
Situation: A structural steel beam is supporting a roof as shown in the figure. The beam is simply supported at each end.
Design Code: AISC ASD 9th edition
Roof live load: WL = 12 psf
Roof dead load: WD = 20 psf
Length of beam: L = 35 ft
Unsupported length (Joist spacing): Lb = 5 ft
Tributary width: TriB = 35 ft
Material: ASTM A36, yield strength, Fy = 36 ksi
Requirements: Select a W24 beam
Solution:
Total load on beam: W = (WL+WD) TriB = 1120 lb/ft.
Maximum moment: M = W L2/8 = 171.5 kip-ft
Maximum unsupported length, Lb = 5 ft
Try W24x55, From AISC steel Table, d = 23.57 in, bf = 7 in, tf =0.5 in, Af = bf tf=3.5 in2, tw = 5/16 in
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Situation: A structural steel beam with is supporting a roof as shown in the figure. The beam is simply supported at each end.
Design Code: AISC ASD 9th edition
Roof live load: WL = 12 psf
Roof dead load: WD = 20 psf
Length of beam: L = 36 ft
Length of cantilever: a = 12 ft
Tributary width: TriB = 24 ft
Material: ASTM A992, yield strength, Fy = 50 ksi
Requirements: Select a W18 beam
Solution:
Total load on beam: W = (WL+WD) TriB = 768 lb/ft.
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