ChE 2 Elementary Chemical Engineering

Chemical Processes

Outline
Chemical Process Industries
What are chemical processes?

Process Diagrams
How do we represent them?

Unit Operations
What comprises a process?

Chemical Process Industries

Recall: different manufacturing processes

Chemical Process Industries

Why process?
Make product with desired function

Chemical Process Industries

Why process?
Convert waste material to useful products

Chemical Process Industries

Why process?
Improve performance of natural materials

Chemical Process Industries

Why process?
Convert materials to energy

Chemical Process Industries

Chemical process
Convert raw materials into needed products by changing the

chemical and/or physical properties of the materials

Combination of steps in which materials are converted into desired
products using equipment and conditions that facilitate the
conversion.

Chemical Process Industries

Chemical process
Convert raw materials into needed products by changing the

chemical and/or physical properties of the materials

Combination of steps in which materials are converted into desired
products using equipment and conditions that facilitate the
conversion.

Chemical Process Industries

Chemical process
Ex. Compare the lab-scale process with the industrial process

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bYIow9pc6M

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Chemical Process Industries

Raw materials

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Chemical Process Industries

Raw materials

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Chemical Process Industries

Raw materials

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Outline
Chemical Process Industries
What are chemical processes?

Process Diagrams
How do we represent them?

Unit Operations
What comprises a process?

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Process Diagrams
Block Flow Diagrams (BFD)

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Process Diagrams
Process Flowsheet / Flow Diagrams (PFD)

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Process Diagrams
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

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Outline
Chemical Process Industries
What are chemical processes?

Process Diagrams
How do we represent them?

Unit Operations
What comprises a process?

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Unit Operations
Any chemical process, on whatever
scale conducted, may be resolved into
a coordinate series of what may be
termed Unit Operations" ... The
number of these basic operations is
not large and relatively few of them
are involved in any particular process.
(Brown, et al., 1950)
Encyclopedia of ChE Equipment:
http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/

Arthur D. Little
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Unit Operations
General Classifications
Heat Transfer

Heat
Exchangers

Condensers

Dryers

Evaporators

Cooling Towers
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Unit Operations
General Classifications
Mass Transfer (Separation Processes)

Distillation

Extraction

Crystallization

Absorption

Reverse
Osmosis

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Unit Operations
General Classifications
Mechanical Operations

Filtration

Sedimentation

Cyclones

Crushing

Mixing
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Unit Operations
General Classifications
Transport and Storage

Pumps

Compressors

Tanks

Conveyors

Turbines
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Unit Operations
General Classifications
Reactors

Stirred Tank

Tubular

Packed Bed

Fluidized Bed

Fuel Cells
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