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Chapter

17

Solution Processes & Karst


Topography
Impact of Solution Process
Solution and Precipitation
Caverns and Related Features
Karst Topography
Hydrothermal features

Solution and Precipitation


Carbonic acid

Dissolved carbon dioxide


gas

Dissolution Processes

Weathers/erodes all rocks


Carbonate sedimentary
rock - limestone

Bedrock structure

Role in dissolution
More openings, more
groundwater penetration

Precipitation processes

Minerals precipitate out


Hot better than cold
Chapter 17 Solution Processes and Karst Topography

Caverns and Related Features


Cavern

Large
Open underground areas
Limestone depositions

2 stages

Initial excavation

Dissolves bedrock
Leaves voids

Decoration stage

Compounds left behind


Speleothem Precipitated deposits of
minerals
Stalactite hangs
down
Stalagmite
develops from
ground up

Chapter 17 Solution Processes and Karst Topography

Karst Topography
Karst

Sinkhole (doline)
Depression

Collapse doline

Collapsed cavern roof

Uvala

Chain of intersecting
sinkholes

Tower karst

Steep-sided hills

Mogote

Haystack hills

Swallow hole

Opening in sinkhole
where surface
drainage can escape

Chapter 17 Solution Processes and Karst Topography

Hydrothermal Features
Hot springs

Hot water through


fissures

Geysers

Water ejected hot


spring

Fumaroles

Steam ejected hot


spring

Yellowstone

3 conditions

Heat source
Abundance of water
Weak ground surface
Chapter 17 Solution Processes and Karst Topography

Supplemental Slides

The following slides are provided


as supplemental materials and
explanations for chapter
concepts.
Chapter 17 Solution Processes and Karst Topography

Landform
Development

Karst Landforms
Landforms developed as a result of the
dissolving of limestone by groundwater

Humid climate with ample precipitation


If in arid climates, developed in past climates that
were wetter

Active movement of groundwater ability to


continually replace minerally dissolved
unsaturated water
Sinkholes circular depression landforms

Chapter 17 Solution Processes and Karst Topography

Sinkholes
Solution sinkholes

Depressions caused by dissolution

Collapse sinkoles

Depressions caused by subsidence

Caves / caverns

System of connected passageways within soluble rock

Disappearing streams

Streams that lose their surface flow through infiltration

Swallow hole

Rivers swallowed by caverns thuough holes in caves

Dolines

Another term for sinkholes

Valley sinks (Uvalas)

Coalescence of sinkholes into larger structure

Haystack hills (hums)

Remnant landforms in form of small hills

Chapter 17 Solution Processes and Karst Topography

Limestone Cave
Features

Speleothems

Depostional forms in caves

Stalactites

Travertine or dripstone deposits that hang from ceilings of


caves

Stalagmites

Travertine or dripstone deposits that develop from floors


(ground) of caves

Speleology

The science of cavern studies - caves

Geothermal water

Hot or boiling groundwater

Hot spring

Geothermal water flowing out

Geyser

Intermittent geothermal water flow

Chapter 17 Solution Processes and Karst Topography

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