Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Arundhati bahattchary(SBI)
CHANDA KOCHAR(ICICI)
Shikashama(AXIS)
Ushasnagwan(LIC)
1. Travis Kalanick-Uber
2. Brian CheskyAirbnb
3. Mark ZuckerbergFacebook
#Wealth-X list-2015 under 40 age billioners
1. Wall mart
2. Exxon mobile
3. Chevron
4. Bershire hathway
5. Apple
#FORTUNE WORLDS GREATEST LEADERS-2015
1. TIM COOK
2. MARIO DRAGHI
3. XIJIPING
4. POPE FRANCIS
5. NARENDRA MODI
# FORTUNE 100 Best Companies to Work For.*Top -5
1. Google
2. The boston consulting group
3. ACUITY
4. SAS instutite
5. Robert.w.baird
Top countries with number of Forbes Global 2000 companies in 2015
Berkshire Hathaway
2. China
232
ICBC
3. Japan
218
Toyota Motor
4. UK
94
HSBC
5. South Korea
66
Samsung Electronics
6. France
61
AXA
7. India
56
Reliance Industries
8. Canada
52
9. Taiwan
47
10. Germany
45
Volkswagen Group
#FORTUNE MISCELLENOUS
FORTUNE_The 100 Best Workplaces for Millennials in 2015_ power home remodelling
group
#FORBES MISCELLENOUS
The Worlds Youngest Billionaires under 402015 Evan Spiegel & Bobby Murphy
Snapchat cofounders
FORBES ASIA RICHEST PERSON -2015 Wang Jianlin, chairman of the Dalian Wanda
Group
TIMES
Wealth-X list-2015 under 40 age billionaires Arun Pudur (INDIA) cel frame
1. ANTHONY FACUIUSA
2. KIRAN AMZUMDAR SHAH-INDIA
3. SIR ANDREW WITTYUK
4. ARTHUR D.LEWISONUSA
5. HEATHER BRESCHUSA
The top 10 most expensive cities in 2015 by WEALTH -X REPORT
1. Luanda, Angola
2. Hong Kong
3. Zurich, Switzerland
4. Singapore
5. Geneva, Switzerland
6. Shanghai, China
7. Beijing, China
8. Seoul, South Korea
9. Bern, Switzerland
1. Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
2. Windhoek, Namibia
3. Karachi, Pakistan
4. Tunis, Tunisia
5. Skopje, Macedonia
6. Banjul, Gambia
7. Minsk, Belarus
8. Cape Town, South Africa
9. Managua, Nicaragua
10. Tbilisi, Georgia
Most of the trading in the Indian stock market takes place on its two stock exchanges: the Bombay Stock
Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE). The BSE has been in existence since 1875. The
NSE, on the other hand, was founded in 1992 and started trading in 1994. However, both exchanges follow
the same trading mechanism, trading hours, settlement process, etc. At the last count, the BSE had about
4,700 listed firms, whereas the rival NSE had about 1,200. Out of all the listed firms on the BSE, only about
500 firms constitute more than 90% of its market capitalization; the rest of the crowd consists of highly illiquid
shares.
Almost all the significant firms of India are listed on both the exchanges. NSE enjoys a dominant share in
spot trading, with about 70% of the market share, as of 2009, and almost a complete monopoly in derivatives
trading, with about a 98% share in this market, also as of 2009. Both exchanges compete for the order flow
that leads to reduced costs, market efficiency and innovation. The presence of arbitrageurs keeps the prices
on the two stock exchanges within a very tight range.
Market Regulation
The overall responsibility of development, regulation and supervision of the stock market rests with the
Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI), which was formed in 1992 as an independent authority. Since
then, SEBI has consistently tried to lay down market rules in line with the best market practices.
India started permitting outside investments only in the 1990s. Foreign investments are classified into two
categories: foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI). All investments in which an
investor takes part in the day-to-day management and operations of the company, are treated as FDI,
whereas investments in shares without any control over management and operations, are treated as FPI.
FIIs are mostly associated with India, which has had, until recently, very restrictive laws on foreign
investment. FIIs in India are still regulated by Indias Securities and Exchange Board (which is similar to the
Securities and Exchange Commission in the United States). Foreign investment in India by FIIs has played a
substantial part in Indias economic growth. This was true even under Indias restrictive foreign investment
laws. Until recently, FIIs were limited as how much equity they could purchase in a domestic Indian
company. The interest was always less than 50%.
But recently, India has changed its foreign investor laws to allow FIIs to own up to 100% of Indian companies
in certain industries. This change, made in 2014, brings India into conformance with other countries foreign
investment policies. Because of the change, India expects FIIs to make investments in India that will help its
economy double in size in 2015.
An investment made by a company or entity based in one country, into a company or entity based in another
country. Foreign direct investments differ substantially from indirect investments such as portfolio flows,
wherein overseas institutions invest in equities listed on a nations stock exchange. Entities making direct
investments typically have a significant degree of influence and control over the company into which the
investment is made. Open economies with skilled workforces and good growth prospects tend to attract
larger amounts of foreign direct investment than closed, highly regulated economies.
*Note_An example of foreign direct investment would be an INDIAN company taking a majority stake in a
company in China.
FDI Limititations__
Agriculture-100%
Civil Aviation100%
Commodity Exchanges49%
Courier Services100%
Defence49%
Insurance49%
Pension26%
Power Exchanges49%
Print Media49%
Tea Plantation100%
Telecom100%
Tourism100%
NOTE
Automatic Route
FDI is allowed under the automatic route without prior approval either of the Government or the Reserve
Bank of India in all activities/sectors as specified in the consolidated FDI Policy, issued by the Government of
India from time to time.
Government Route
FDI in activities not covered under the automatic route requires prior approval of the Government which are
considered by the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB), Department of Economic Affairs.
A business strategy where a domestic firm expands its operations to a foreign country either via a Green field
investment, merger/acquisition and/or expansion of an existing foreign facility. Employing outward direct
investment is a natural progression for firms as better business opportunities will be available in foreign
countries when domestic markets become too saturated.
Note_The increase of a nations outward direct investment can be seen as a proxy that the nations economy
is booming to the extent that sufficient risk capital is available for further ventures.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves establishing a direct business interest in a foreign country, such as
buying or establishing a manufacturing business, while foreign portfolio investment (FPI) is investing in
financial assets, such as stocks or bonds, in a foreign country. A number of other differences follow from the
basic difference in the nature of the two types of investments.
FPI typically has a shorter time frame for investment return than FDI. As with any equity investment, FPI
investors usually expect to quickly realize a profit on their investments. Unlike FDI, FPI doesnt offer control
over the business entity in which the investment is made. Because securities are easily traded, the liquidity of
FPIs makes them much easier to sell than FDIs. FPIs are more accessible for the average investor than
FDIs, since they require much less investment capital.
When making foreign investments, investors have to consider economic factors as well as other risk factors,
such as political instability and currency exchange risk.
*Note _
A program that permits certain licensed international investors to participate in india stock exchanges.Prior to
QFII, foreign investors were not able to buy or sell shares on india stock exchanges because of indias tight
capital controls. With the launch of the QFII program, licensed investors can buy and sell RUPPEEdenominated A shares. Foreign access to these shares is limited by specified quotas that determine the
amount of money that the licensed foreign investors are permitted to invest in indias capital markets.
F.Participatory Notes_p-notes
Financial instruments used by investors or hedge funds that are not registered with the Securities and
Exchange Board of India to invest in Indian securities. Indian-based brokerages buy India-based securities
and then issue participatory notes to foreign investors. Any dividends or capital gains collected from the
underlying securities go back to the investors.
2.Depositary Receipt
Say if an Indian company wants to mobilize capital from abroad, can it do it? Even a novice will
instantaneously come up with an answer like NO. We have too many controls which will not allow raising of
capital abroad easily. This is what we perceive. As we are liberalizing our economy, raising of capital from
outside the country is slowly enabled by the government. ADRs and GDRs are the result of such
liberalization.
A negotiable certificate issued by a U.S. bank representing a specified number of shares (or one share) in a
foreign stock that is traded on a U.S. exchange. ADRs are denominated in U.S. dollars, with the underlying
security held by a U.S. financial institution overseas. ADRs help to reduce administration and duty costs that
would otherwise be levied on each transaction.
This is an excellent way to buy shares in a foreign company while realizing any dividends and capital gains in
U.S. dollars. However, ADRs do not eliminate the currency and economic risks for the underlying shares in
another country. For example, dividend payments in euros would be converted to U.S. dollars, net of
conversion expenses and foreign taxes and in accordance with the deposit agreement. ADRs are listed on
either the NYSE, AMEX or Nasdaq as well as OTC.
A bank certificate issued in more than one country for shares in a foreign company. The shares are held by a
foreign branch of an international bank. The shares trade as domestic shares, but are offered for sale globally
through the various bank branches.
A financial instrument used by private markets to raise capital denominated in either U.S. dollars or euros.
Indian Depository Receipt (IDR) is a financial instrument denominated in Indian Rupees in the form of a
depository receipt created by a Domestic Depository (custodian of securities registered with the Securities
and Exchange Board of India) against the underlying equity of issuing company to enable foreign companies
to raise funds from the Indian securities Markets
A negotiable security (receipt) that is issued by a European bank, and that represents securities which trade
on exchanges outside of the banks home country. Abbreviated as EDRs, these securities are traded on
local exchanges and used by banks and issuing companies in the U.S. and other countries to attract
investment capital from the European region.
A.NRI_non-resident Indian_
NRI is a citizen of India who holds an Indian passport and has temporarily immigrated to another country for
six months or more for employment, residence, education or any other purpose.
the term non-resident refers only to the tax status of a person who, as per section 6 of the Income-tax Act of
1961, has not resided in India for a specified period for the purposes of the Income Tax Act.The rates of
income tax are different for persons who are resident in India and for NRIs. For the purposes of the Income
Tax Act, residence in India requires stay in India of at least 182 days in a calendar year or 365 days spread
out over four consecutive years. According to the act, any Indian citizen who does not meet the criteria as a
resident of India is a non-resident of India and is treated as NRI for paying income tax.
B.PIO__Person of indian origin is a person of Indian origin or ancestry but who is not a citizen of India and
is the citizen of another country. A PIO might have been a citizen of India and subsequently taken the
citizenship of another country, or have ancestors born in India or other states.
Other terms with vaguely the same meaning are overseas Indian and expatriate Indian. In common usage,
this often includes Indian-born individuals (and also people of other nations with Indian ancestry) who have
taken the citizenship of other countries.
Government of India considers anyone of Indian origin up to forty generations removed to be a PIO, with the
exception of those who were ever nationals of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, or Sri
Lanka.The prohibited list periodically includes Iran as well.
The government issues a PIO Card to a PIO after verification of his or her origin or ancestry and this card
entitles a PIO to enter India without a visa. The spouse of a PIO can also be issued a PIO card though the
spouse might not be a PIO. This latter category includes foreign spouses of Indian nationals, regardless of
ethnic origin, so long as they were not born in, or ever nationals of, the aforementioned prohibited
countries.PIO Cards exempt holders from many restrictions that apply to foreign nationals, such as visa and
work permit requirements, along with certain other economic limitations.
In response to persistent demands for dual citizenship particularly from the Diaspora in North America and
other developed countries and keeping in view the Governments deep commitment towards fulfilling the
aspirations and expectations of Overseas Indians.
The Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) Scheme was introduced by amending the Citizenship Act, 1955 in
August 2005. The Scheme was launched during the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas convention 2006 at Hyderabad.
The Scheme provides for registration as Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) of all Persons of Indian Origin
(PIOs) who were citizens of India on 26th January, 1950 or there after or were eligible to become citizens of
India on 26th January, 1950 except who is or had been a citizen of Pakistan, Bangladesh or such other
country as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette.
OCI is not to be misconstrued as dual citizenship. OCI does not confer political rights. The registered
Overseas Citizens of India shall not be entitled to the rights conferred on a citizen of India under article 16 of
the Constitution with regard to equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Any person resident outside India (other than a person resident in Nepal and Bhutan). Individuals / entities of
Pakistan nationality / ownership, entities of Bangladesh2 ownership and erstwhile Overseas Corporate
Bodies5 require prior approval of the Reserve Bank.
4.ACCOUNTS
A.NOSTRO ACCOUNT_
A bank account held in a foreign country by a domestic bank, denominated in the currency of that country.
Nostro accounts are used to facilitate settlement of foreign exchange and trade transactions. The term is
derived from the Latin word for ours. Conversely, accounts that are held by the domestic bank in its home
country for foreign banks are called vostro accounts
For example, a U.S. bank may have nostro accounts with one or more Canadian banks. These accounts will
be denominated in Canadian dollars, which enables efficient settlement of transactions that are Canadian
dollar denominated. Nostro accounts also minimize the exposure of the U.S. bank to undue exchange rate
risk.
*Note_A nostro is our account of our money, held by the other bank
B.VOSTRO ACCOUNT_
The account that a correspondent bank, usually located in the United States or United Kingdom, holds on
behalf of a foreign bank. A vostro account is one in which the domestic bank (from the point of view of the
currency in which the account is held) acts as custodian or manages the account of a foreign counterpart.
Also known as a loro account.
YUDH-ABHYAS__India & US
VARUNA__India&France
30.Committee to Recommend Data Format for Furnishing of Credit Information to Credit Information
Companies Aditya Puri
31.Implementation Group on OTC Derivatives Market Reforms R. Gandhi
32.Report of the Committee on Financial Benchmarks-P. Vijaya Bhaskar
33.Technical Committee on Mobile BankingB Sambamurthy
34.Technical Committee on Enabling Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in Payment System ApplicationsAnil
Kumar Sharma
35.Expert Committee to Revise and Strengthen the Monetary Policy Framework Urjit Patel
36.Additional views on the report received from two members of the Committee on Comprehensive Financial
Services for Small Businesses and Low Income HouseholdsSmt. Shikha Sharma and Shri S S Mundra
37.Committee on Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income Households
Nachiket Mor
37.Working group on BPLR Deepak mohanty
38.Task force on co-operative credit revivial A.Vaidhynathan
39.Rules for NBFC Usha thorat
40.Advisory committe on WAMS waysand means C.ramchandran
41.working group credit bureau information N.H.Siddique
42.Working group on flow control of credit SSI A.S.GANGULY
43.Standing committe on international fiancial standards & codes y.v.reddy
44.Recommendation on development index raghuramrajan
45.report on monetary policy frame work Urjit patel