Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
heavy combination
vehicle
Assessment
Contents
What this Learner’s Guide is about ........................................ 3
Planning your learning ........................................................... 4
How you will be assessed ...................................................... 7
Section 1............................................................................................. 9
How are articulated vehicles correctly driven under license
testing conditions? ................................................................. 9
Section 2........................................................................................... 45
How are prime movers coupled and uncoupled to trailers, under
license testing conditions? ................................................... 45
This
Learner’s
Guide
is
about
the
skills
and
knowledge
required
to
drive
a
heavy
combination
vehicle
safely
including
systematic
and
efficient
control
of
all
vehicle
functions,
monitoring
of
traffic
and
road
conditions,
management
of
vehicle
condition
and
performance,
coupling
and
uncoupling
of
trailer,
and
effective
management
of
hazardous
situations.
Assessment
of
this
unit
will
usually
be
undertaken
within
a
licensing
examination
conducted,
by
or
under
the
authority
of,
the
relevant
state/territory
Road
Traffic
Authority.
The
Elements
of
Competency
from
the
unit
TLIC507D
Drive
heavy
combination
vehicle
covered
in
this
Learner’s
Guide
are
listed
below.
Drive
the
heavy
combination
vehicle
Monitor
traffic
and
road
conditions
Monitor
and
maintain
vehicle
performance
This
unit
of
competency
is
from
the
Transport
and
Logistics
Training
Package
(TLI07).
It
is
important
to
plan
your
learning
before
you
start
because
you
may
already
have
some
of
the
knowledge
and
skills
that
are
covered
in
this
Learner’s
Guide.
This
might
be
because:
• you
have
been
working
in
the
industry
for
some
time,
and/or
• you
have
already
completed
training
in
this
area.
Together
with
your
supervisor
or
trainer
use
the
checklists
on
the
following
pages
to
help
you
plan
your
study
program.
Your
answers
to
the
questions
in
the
checklist
will
help
you
work
out
which
sections
of
this
Learner’s
Guide
you
need
to
complete.
This
Learner’s
Guide
is
written
with
the
idea
that
learning
is
made
more
relevant
when
you,
the
learner,
are
actually
working
in
the
industry.
This
means
that
you
will
have
people
within
the
enterprise
who
can
show
you
things,
discuss
how
things
are
done
and
answer
any
questions
you
have.
Also
you
can
practise
what
you
learn
and
see
how
what
you
learn
is
applied
in
the
enterprise.
If
you
are
working
through
this
Learner’s
Guide
and
have
not
yet
found
a
job
in
the
industry,
you
will
need
to
talk
to
your
trainer
about
doing
work
experience
or
working
and
learning
in
some
sort
of
simulated
workplace.
Assessment
of
this
Unit
of
Competency
will
include
observation
of
real
or
simulated
work
processes
using
workplace
procedures
and
questioning
on
underpinning
knowledge
and
skills.
It
must
be
demonstrated
in
an
actual
or
simulated
work
situation
under
supervision.
Section 1
Section outline
Pre-‐departure checks
Securing loads
Driving
an
articulated
vehicle,
in
various
road,
weather
and
task
conditions
Pre-‐Departure Checks
This
sub-‐section
may
also
be
a
simple
revision
exercise.
However,
it
is
no
less
important
than
previously,
even
if
you
have
become
an
experienced
rigid
vehicle
driver.
You
may
have
already
completed
this
activity
for
rigid
vehicles.
However,
it
is
vital
and
should
be
undertaken
for
articulated
vehicles.
Drivers
of
articulated
vehicles
must
complete
full
pre-‐departure
checks
before
moving
off
in
those
vehicles.
Your
company
will
have
a
policy
on
the
checks
you
must
undertake
before
you
drive
a
vehicle.
These
tasks
will
vary
from
company
to
company,
according
to
how
much
responsibility
your
company
gives
you
to
check
the
serviceability
of
their
articulated
vehicles.
Before you start this activity, look at the following checklist and
discuss any details you are unsure of with your trainer. Then use
the checklist to tick off the successfully completed tasks when you
have finished the activity.
After coupling:
Many
vehicles
provide
access
to
engine
bays
and
other
systems
by
a
tilt
mechanism
for
the
cab.
In
these
vehicles,
there
are
specific
tasks
that
must
be
performed
to
achieve
this
access,
especially
to
make
sure
of
the
safety
of
the
driver
and
other
workers.
Your trainer will provide you with a Prime Mover Vehicle with cabin
tilt functions. You are required to perform the tasks listed in the
following table, then check with your trainer to make sure that the
tasks have been completed correctly.
Securing a load
You
may
have
already
completed
this
activity
for
rigid
vehicles.
However,
it
is
vital
and
should
be
undertake
for
articulated
vehicles.
It
must
be
completed
if
you
have
not
worked
as
the
driver
of
heavy
rigid
vehicles
transporting
loads
other
than
passengers
during
the
previous
twelve
months.
The
driver
and
the
person
loading
an
articulated
vehicle
are
responsible
to
make
sure
the
load
is
properly
restrained
by
the
vehicle
and
trailer
structures,
their
attachments
and
the
load
securing
equipment.
The
driver,
the
vehicle
owner
and
the
person
loading
an
articulated
vehicle
are
responsible
to
make
sure
each
of
these
is
serviceable
and
working
properly.
These
three
people
must
also
make
sure
that
the
vehicle
and
trailer
structures,
their
attachments
and
the
load
securing
equipment
are
strong
enough
to
hold
and
secure
the
load.
In
all
loading
activities,
you
should
refer
to
the
‘Load
Restraint
Guide’.
That
document
shows
all
methods
and
requirements
of
load
securing,
so
you
should
keep
a
copy
of
it
with
you
at
all
times
to
ensure
that
you
load
in
accordance
with
relevant
regulations.
Correct
Incorrect
Why _____________________
Correct
Incorrect
Why _____________________
Correct
Incorrect
Why _____________________
Correct
Incorrect
Why _____________________
1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Symbol Meaning
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Symbol Meaning
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
• completed
a
relevant
unit
of
competency
such
as
TDT
D4
97A
Load
and
unload
goods/cargo
in
the
last
3
months.
In
either
case
your
supervisor
or
workplace
trainer
may
permit
you
to
use
this
sub-‐section
as
a
revision
exercise.
There
are
a
number
of
methods
to
properly
secure
loads,
just
as
there
are
some
practices
which
must
never
be
used.
You
will
properly
secure
loads
if
you
always
follow
this
list
of
“DOs”
and
“DON’Ts”:
DO:
• make
sure
you
have
enough
lashings
that
are
in
good
condition
and
strong
enough
to
secure
the
load
• make
sure
that
tie-‐down
lashings
are
as
near
to
vertical
as
possible
• make
sure
that
direct
lashings
attached
to
loads
on
wheels
are
not
near
vertical
• attach
lashings
at
tie
rail
support
points
• check
and
re-‐tighten
the
lashings
and
other
restraining
devices
as
required
• use
lashing
protectors
on
sharp
edges
• use
wedges
and
chocks
to
block
your
load
• make
sure
that
loose
bulk
loads
cannot
fall
or
be
blown
off
the
vehicle
• use
a
vehicle
that
is
built
strongly
enough
for
the
job
• take
extreme
care
when
releasing
any
fixed
lever
load-‐binder.
DON’T:
• use
faulty
equipment
• attach
chains
or
webbing
between
tie
rail
support
points
• tie
down
loads
onto
greasy
or
dirty
steel
decks
• stand
over
and
push
down
on
load-‐binders.
Your trainer will provide you with an articulated vehicle to load and
unload in this activity. If you are unsure of what you are required to
do, you must seek assistance and/or use the ‘Load Restraint
Guide’.
Read all of the steps in the following table that you are required to
do before you start this activity.
1. Identify load Check that the tray area is suitable for the
characteristics load, with adequate space and capacity
When you have marked all the steps as complete, discuss with
your trainer any areas of your work that require improvement to
make sure loads are secure and safe.
Braking
You
may
have
already
completed
this
activity
for
rigid
vehicles.
However,
it
is
vital
and
should
be
undertaken
for
articulated
vehicles.
Heavy
vehicles
will
be
more
difficult
to
stop
under
braking,
depending
on
their
size
and
their
load.
Road
and
weather
conditions
affect
braking
performance.
The
speed
of
vehicles
will
also
affect
braking
performance,
as
will
the
time
taken
by
drivers
to
react
to
the
need
for
braking.
You
must
consider
all
these
factors
when
driving,
especially
as
the
loss
of
vehicle
control
(skidding)
is
both
dangerous
and
frequent.
For
example,
the
heavier
the
vehicle,
the
wetter
the
road,
the
faster
the
speed,
the
more
tired
the
driver
and
the
harder
the
braking,
the
more
likely
it
is
that
skidding
will
occur.
As
a
professional
driver
of
an
articulated
vehicle,
you
should
be
aware
of
the
danger
posed
by
your
vehicle
should
you
lose
control
of
its
speed
or
direction.
The
following
braking
rules
must
be
applied
at
all
times:
• brake
early
and
gradually
• brake
in
a
straight
line
• allow
for
the
trailer
and
its
own
braking
system
• allow
for
the
load
• match
your
braking
to
the
road
surface
• ease
off
as
the
vehicle
slows
• test
your
brakes
after
driving
through
water.
Downhill
speed
should
be
controlled
by
use
of
engine
speed
and
correct
gear
selection.
If
braking
is
necessary
during
a
descent,
a
driver
should,
if
possible,
try
to
brake
only
when
the
vehicle
is
travelling
in
a
straight
line.
Braking
on
a
bend
increases
the
risk
of
skidding
and
should
usually
only
be
used
in
an
emergency.
If
braking
must
be
applied
on
a
bend,
it
should
be
done
as
gently
as
possible.
Driving
articulated
vehicles
in
reverse
requires
specific
skills
and
may
be
the
only
way
to
manoeuvre
the
vehicle
into
and
out
of
loading
bays
and
delivery
points
in
warehouses.
Driving
in
reverse
is
often
used
in
built-‐up
areas
where
access
by
turning
is
restricted
and
unavailable
to
articulated
vehicles.
In
these
situations,
the
driver
will
need
to
successfully
position
the
vehicle
using
a
combination
of
forward
and
reverse
gears
in
a
tight
space.
Look at the diagram below. Which one of the four steering positions
shows how the front wheel must be turned as the Prime Mover
begins to reverse?
1 2 3 4
Professional Driving
Most
road
users
will
be
non-‐professional
drivers
who
have
not
received
as
much
training
as
drivers
of
articulated
or
other
commercial
vehicles.
Professional
drivers
are
courteous
and
drive
in
a
defensive
manner.
Driving
in
such
a
manner
will
encourage
a
more
tolerant
attitude
towards
the
Road
Transport
Industry
and
people
employed
in
it.
You
will
hopefully
have
helped
to
achieve
some
of
this
tolerance
during
your
previous
driving
experiences.
What are the three steps to take when controlling a drive wheel
skid?
1. ________________________
________________________
2. ________________________
________________________
3. ________________________
________________________
What are the three actions you need to perform when controlling a
trailer wheel skid?
1. ________________________
________________________
2. ________________________
________________________
3. ________________________
________________________
Drivers
of
articulated
vehicles
are
required
to
safely
park
and
secure
their
vehicle
according
to
road
laws
and
company
policy.
Tasks
include:
• appropriate
site
selection
• trailer
stability
• vehicle
lock-‐up
• load
placement
and
security.
You are now required to park and secure the vehicle that you have
just driven. At the conclusion of this activity, your trainer will advise
you of areas of your work that may require improvement.
Section 2
Section outline
Coupling trailers
Uncoupling trailers
Coupling a trailer
The
safety
and
security
of
coupling
trailers
to
prime
movers
or
other
rigid
vehicles
is
critical.
think
how
dangerous
it
would
be
for
a
trailer
to
break
away
from
its
towing
vehicle,
whether
loaded
or
not.
Therefore,
the
serviceability
of
coupling
parts
and
the
checking
of
the
coupling
function
cannot
be
stressed
too
much.
Tasks
you
will
be
required
to
undertake
when
coupling
include:
• positioning
towing
vehicle
• inspecting
and
preparing
coupling
parts
/
equipment
• stabilising
the
position
of
the
trailer
in
preparation
for
coupling
• adjusting
the
trailer
height
and
aligning
the
coupling
parts
• coupling
the
trailer
• applying
trailer
brakes,
then
testing
connections
• securing
coupling
equipment
and
related
tools.
Your trainer will provide you with a prime mover suitable for
coupling to a given trailer. You are required to complete the
coupling, then discuss this activity with your trainer.
4. Check / adjust Check that the turntable and King Pin are
trailer height aligned
When you have marked all the steps as complete, discuss with
your trainer any areas of your work that require improvement to
make sure trailers are coupled safely.
Uncoupling a trailer
During
uncoupling
of
trailers,
the
safety
and
security
of
the
process
remains
as
critical
as
in
coupling.
Therefore,
the
suitability
of
the
uncoupling
area,
the
stability
of
landing
gear
and
their
ability
to
hold
the
load,
and
checking
during
the
uncoupling
function
also
cannot
be
stressed
too
much.
Tasks
you
will
be
required
to
perform
when
uncoupling
include:
• selecting
a
suitable
uncoupling
site
• positioning
the
articulated
vehicle
• lowering
trailer
landing
gear
• disconnecting
hoses
and
cables
• releasing
turntable
jaws
• uncoupling
the
trailer
• applying
trailer
park
brake,
if
applicable,
and
install
wheel
chocks
• securing
coupling
equipment
and
related
tools.
When you have marked all the steps as complete, discuss with
your trainer any areas of your work that require improvement to
make sure trailers are uncoupled safely.
Additional
resources
Web
sites:
• National
Transport
Commission
http://www.ntc.gov.au/
• Australian
Transport
Safety
Bureau
http://www.atsb.gov.au
• Road
and
Traffic
Authority
(NSW)
http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au
• VicRoads
(Vic)
http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au
• Department
of
Infrastructure,
Transport,
Regional
Development
&
Local
Government
http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/
• NSW
Workcover
http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au
• Queensland
Rural
Fire
Service
http://www.ruralfire.qld.gov.au
• WorkSafe
Victoria
(including
publications
section)
http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/WorkSafe/Hom
e/Forms+and+Publications/
• Attorney
General’s
Department
(relevant
legislation)
http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/Legislation
Organisations:
• National
Transport
Commission
Level
15,
628
Bourke
Street,
Melbourne,
Victoria,
Australia
3000)
Telephone:
03
9236
5000
Facsimile:
03
9642
8922
• Commonwealth
Bookshop
109
Queens
St
Melbourne,
Victoria
Telephone
(03)
9670
4224
• Standards
Australia
19
–
25
Raglan
St
South
Melbourne,
Victoria
Telephone
(03)
9693
3555
Feedback on
activities
The responses provided in this section are suggested responses.
Because every workplace is different, your responses may vary
according to your specific workplace procedures, the equipment
available and the nature of the business.
Correct
Incorrect X
Correct X
Incorrect
Correct X
Incorrect
Correct
Incorrect X
Symbol Meaning
Sling here
Keep dry
Symbol Meaning
Use no hooks
This way up
Symbol Meaning
Correct Incorrect
Correct Incorrect
Correct Incorrect
Look at the diagram on the next page. Which one of the four
steering positions shows how the front wheel must be turned as the
Prime Mover begins to reverse?
Answer: 1
1 2 3 4
1. What are the three steps to take when controlling a drive wheel
skid?
2. What are the two actions you need to perform when controlling
a trailer wheel skid?