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TLIF107C  
Follow  OHS  Procedures    

  Armstrong’s  Driver  Education  


 
Learner  Guide  
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Contents
What this Learner’s Guide is about ........................................ 4
Planning your learning ........................................................... 5
How you will be assessed ...................................................... 8

Section 1........................................................................................... 10
Occupational health and safety responsibilities ................... 10

Section 2........................................................................................... 30
Potential hazards and remedial action ................................. 30

Section 3........................................................................................... 47
Accident and incident emergency procedure ....................... 47

Section 4........................................................................................... 58
Stress related factors and recommended strategies............ 58

Additional resources ....................................................................... 64

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What this Learner’s Guide is about

This  Learner’s  Guide  is  about  the  skills  and  knowledge  required  to  
follow  and  apply  OHS  procedures  when  carrying  out  work  activities,  
including  identifying  and  following  workplace  procedures  for  hazard  
identification  and  risk  control,  contributing  to  arrangements  for  the  
management  of  occupational  health  and  safety,  and  completing  
occupational  health  and  safety  records.  

The  Elements  of  Competency  from  the  unit  TLIF107C  Follow  


occupational  health  and  safety  procedures  covered  in  this  Learner’s  
Guide  are  listed  below.  
Follow  workplace  procedures  for  hazard  identification  and  risk  
control  
Contribute  to  arrangements  for  the  management  of  
occupational  health  and  safety  
Complete  occupational  health  and  safety  records  
This  unit  of  competency  is  from  the  Transport  and  Logistics  
Training  Package  (TLI07).  

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Planning your learning

It  is  important  to  plan  your  learning  before  you  start  because  you  may  
already  have  some  of  the  knowledge  and  skills  that  are  covered  in  this  
Learner’s  Guide.  This  might  be  because:  
• you  have  been  working  in  the  industry  for  some  time,  
and/or  
• you  have  already  completed  training  in  this  area.  

Together  with  your  supervisor  or  trainer  use  the  checklists  on  the  
following  pages  to  help  you  plan  your  study  program.  Your  answers  to  
the  questions  in  the  checklist  will  help  you  work  out  which  sections  of  
this  Learner’s  Guide  you  need  to  complete.  

This  Learner’s  Guide  is  written  with  the  idea  that  learning  is  made  more  
relevant  when  you,  the  learner,  are  actually  working  in  the  industry.  
This  means  that  you  will  have  people  within  the  enterprise  who  can  
show  you  things,  discuss  how  things  are  done  and  answer  any  
questions  you  have.  Also  you  can  practise  what  you  learn  and  see  how  
what  you  learn  is  applied  in  the  enterprise.  

If  you  are  working  through  this  Learner’s  Guide  and  have  not  yet  found  
a  job  in  the  industry,  you  will  need  to  talk  to  your  trainer  about  doing  
work  experience  or  working  and  learning  in  some  sort  of  simulated  
workplace.    

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Section 1: Occupational health and safety


responsibilities

Are  you  able  to:   Yes   No  


1. explain  a  brief  history  of  occupational  
health  and  safety  in  the  road  transport  
industry?          
2. list  employer,  supervisor  and  employee  
responsibilities,  rights  and  obligations  
relating  to  occupational  health  and  safety  
in  the  workplace?        
3. state  the  role  and  functions  of  safety  
committees  and  representatives  in  a  work  
document?          

Section 2: Potential hazards and remedial action

Are  you  able  to:   Yes   No  


1. identify  physical,  chemical,  behavioural  
and  environmental  hazards  that  may  
cause  injury  or  health  problems  in  a  road  
transport  environment?        
2. recommend  remedial  action  to  control  
potential  hazards?        

Section 3: Accident and incident emergency


procedure

Are  you  able  to:   Yes   No  


1. outline  the  emergency  procedures  in  the  
event  of  an  accident/incident  in  the  
workplace?        
2. identify  an  accident/incident  report  form  
and  any  other  documentation  required?        
3. list  the  First  Aid  facilities  that  should  be  
found  in  the  workplace  and  identify  their  
location?        

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4. describe  the  role  of  and  identify  the  


location  of  the  First  Aid  officer  in  the  
workplace?        

Section 4: Stress related factors and


recommended strategies

Are  you  able  to:   Yes   No  


1. list  stress  related  factors  that  may  
influence  an  individual’s  capacity  to  work  
according  to  the  established  safe  work  
practices?        
2. outline  strategies  that  could  be  
implemented  to  improve  an  individual’s  
capacity  to  work  according  to  the  
established  safe  work  practices?          

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How you will be assessed

Assessment  of  this  Unit  of  Competency  will  include  observation  of  real  
or  simulated  work  processes  using  workplace  procedures  and  
questioning  on  underpinning  knowledge  and  skills.  It  must  be  
demonstrated  in  an  actual  or  simulated  work  situation  under  
supervision.  

You  will  be  required  to:  


• give  a  verbal  report  about  an  OHS  issue  in  a  road  transport  
environment  and  its  solution  
• report  on  workplace  procedures  and  safe  work  practices  
• report  on  the  resolution  of  an  OHS  issue  in  the  workplace.    

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Section 1

Occupational health and safety


responsibilities

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Section outline

Areas  covered  in  this  section  

The  background  to  Occupational  Health  and  Safety  in  your  industry  

Roles  and  responsibilities  of  key  people  

Safety  committee  and  safety  representatives  

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What is the background to occupational health


and safety in your industry?

Each  state/territory  in  Australia  has  laws  known  as  Acts  of  Parliament  
to  make  sure  all  workplaces  are  safe  and  healthy.  These  acts  try  to  
prevent  accidents  in  the  workplace  and  encourage  employers  and  
employees  to  cooperate  to  solve  health  and  safety  issues  at  work.  

These  laws  also  set  out  what  everyone  should  be  doing  to  help  make  
working  conditions  safe.  

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Activity 1: Occupational health and safety legislation

What do you know about the legislation for occupational health and
safety? What legislation particularly relates to your work?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Who is your OHS Safety Officer?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

What do they do at your site?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Why?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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Activity 2: What OHS legislation applies in your workplace?

Ask your OHS officer to show you the main OHS legislation that
applies at your worksite.

What is the name of that legislation?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

What is the name of the government body that has the job of
making sure this law is obeyed in this state/territory?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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Legislative framework

Accidents  cost  a  lot  to  everybody  in:  


• pain  
• time  
• money.  

There  are  acts,  regulations  and  codes  of  practice.  

The  acts,  such  as  the  one  you  looked  at  in  Activity  2,  are  laws  about  
health  and  safety  at  work.  

Regulations  are  made  from  acts  to  give  details  on  how  parts  of  the  law  
are  to  be  carried  out.  Examples  are:  
• manual  handling  
• noise  
• machinery  
• general  safety  regulations.  

Codes  of  practice  are  not  laws.  They  are  developed  so  that  people  can  
carry  out  the  requirements  of  acts  and  regulations  in  the  day-­‐to-­‐day  
operation.  They  can  be  used  as  evidence  in  court  cases  so  you  need  to  
know  what  applies  at  your  workplace.  

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Activity 3: Codes of practice

Ask your OHS officer to show you a list of current codes of practice.

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Standards

There  are  minimum  standards  developed  to  make  sure  that  we  
produce  safe,  high  quality  goods  and  services.  Standards  Australia  is  a  
private  organisation  that  produces  Australian  Standards.    Worksafe  
Australia  produces  National  Standards.  

There  are  also  Guidance  notes  and  guides  to  help  you  on  suggested  
work  practices  to  follow.  

Measuring safety performance

At  many  work  sites,  there  are  records  kept  of  injuries  that  occur  at  
work.  Any  accident  that  results  in  a  person  losing  a  day  or  affecting  a  
shift  usually  requires  a  report  and  is  looked  at  in  depth.  these  are  
sometimes  called  lost  time  injuries.  To  compare  to  the  number  of  
hours  worked  by  people  at  the  worksite  gives  the  lost  time  injury  
frequency  rate,  which  can  then  be  compared  to  industry  averages.  

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Activity 4: What is the lost time injury frequency rate?

Do you know what the current lost time injury frequency rate is?
Ask your OHS officer or trainer.

________________________________________________________

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Rehabilitation

This  is  an  important  aspect  of  OHS  management.  The  aim  is  to  get  the  
injured  person  back  to  work  as  soon  as  possible  after  an  accident.  
Work  may  have  to  be  changed  a  bit,  or  the  injured  person  may  need  
other  duties  for  a  while.  The  company  needs  to  monitor  the  return  to  
work  to  make  sure  that  the  injury  does  not  get  worse  or  happen  again.  
An  injured  person  on  rehabilitation  will:  
• retain  job  skills  
• continue  social  contact  with  fellow  workers  
• continue  to  receive  all  pay  benefits.  

In  addition,  the  company  continues  to  keep  the  services  of  a  valuable  
skilled  employee.  

Roles and responsibilities of key people

The  key  people  are  the  employer,  the  employee  and  the  trainer.  These  
people  are  working  to  keep  the  workplace  healthy  and  safe.  However,  
each  person  at  work  should  be  committed  to  making  the  workplace  a  
safe  place.  It  is  very  useful  to  involve  employees  in  changes  to  the  
workplace,  as  everyone  the  feels  that  they  can  support  that  change  
and  co-­‐operate.    

Employer  

Employers  have  a  legislative  duty  to  make  sure  that  the  workplace  is  
safe  and  healthy.  These  duties  may  include:  
• provide  and  maintain  safe  machines  and  systems  of  work  
• organise  for  the  safe  use,  handling,  storage  and  transport  
of  substances  used  in  the  workpalce  such  as  toxic  
chemicals  
• provide  a  safe  working  environment  by  controlling  hazards  
such  as  dust,  noise  and  fumes  
• provide  welfare  facilities  such  as  washrooms,  change  
rooms  and  meal  areas  
• give  out  information  on  hazards  so  that  all  people  in  the  
workplace  understand  how  to  manage  hazards  
• provide  instruction,  training  and  supervision  to  employees  
to  make  sure  work  is  carried  out  safely  

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• monitor  the  work  environment  and  employee  health  


• keep  information  and  records  on  health  and  safety.  

Employees  

The  laws  say  that  the  employee  has  a  duty  to  take  care  of  their  own  
health  and  safety  and  also  other  workers.  The  duties  include:  
• follow  safe  practices  and  methods  of  work  
• use  the  safety  clothing  and  equipment  provided  
• not  purposely  interfere  with  or  misuse  any  equipment,  or  
do  anything  that  may  be  a  danger  to  others.  

Each  person  at  work  should  be  involved  in  making  the  workplace  safe  
and  healthy.  Employees  know  their  work  best,  understand  the  work  
processes  and  know  the  dangerous  aspects  of  equipment  and  the  
environment  they  work  in.    

It  is  also  important  to  know  what  your  responsibilities  are  while  you  
are  on  a  customer’s  premises.  Check  with  other  drivers  and  your  
trainer  to  find  out  what  the  health  and  safety  issues  are  relevant  when  
visiting  other  workplaces.  

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Activity 5: Working safely

Discuss with another work mate or your trainer a specific work task
or tasks. List three things you must remember to do so that the
work is done safely.

Work task:

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

To make it safe:

1. ___________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________

What you can do to make it safe for others:

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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Safety committee and safety representatives

It  is  important  to  involve  both  employees  and  employers  in  the  input  
on  how  to  identify  and  improve  workplace  hazards.  

Legislation  has  outlined  several  ways  of  involving  employees  in  health  
and  safety.    

These  include:  
• designated  work  groups  (DWG)  
• health  and  safety  representatives  
• health  and  safety  committees  
• issue  resolution  procedures.  

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Activity 6: Who is involved in OHS in your workplace and


what is their role?

How are people involved in health and safety at your workplace?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Who is your health and safety representative?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Do you know what your health and safety committee does?

Specify

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

The government used to tell the workplace what to do about health


and safety, but this didn’t work very well, because there was no
reason for companies to improve conditions unless they were told
to. The approach now is that employers and employees can best
work out what is needed for a particular situation, following general
government guidelines.

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Designated work groups

These  are  formed  to  link  people  together  depending  on:  


• how  many  workers  there  are  
• the  type  of  work  done  
• who  does  similar  work  
• who  works  similar  hours  or  shifts  
• which  workers  are  located  close  to  each  other  
• the  kinds  of  hazards  present.  

Members  of  each  DWG  can  elect  their  own  health  and  safety  
representative.  This  person  can  then  represent  the  group’s  interests  in  
health  and  safety  issues.  

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Activity 7: Designated work groups

Who is in your designated work group?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Who is your elected health and safety representative?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Is there a deputy to take over when the representative is away?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Explain the role of your representative

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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Health and safety representatives

This  person  is  a  link  between  workers  and  management.  The  rights  and  
responsibilities  of  this  representative  relate  to  the  DWG  for  which  they  
have  been  elected.  Some  duties  are:  
• after  giving  notice  inspect  the  workplace  at  any  reasonable  
time  (managers  and  health  and  safety  representatives  may  
inspect  together)  
• go  with  an  Inspector  during  an  inspection  of  the  workplace  
• organise  with  management  to  have  safety  problems  fixed  
• if  practicable,  be  consulted  on  changes  to  the  workplace  
which  may  affect  the  health  and  safety  of  people  in  their  
DWG  
• be  given  time  and  facilities  to  carry  out  duties  and  to  
receive  training  
• attend  health  and  safety  committee  meetings  
• be  present  at  an  interview  between  an  employee  and  an  
inspector  after  consultation  with  management  and  with  
the  employee’s  permission  
• have  access  to  information  about  workplace  hazards  and  
the  health  and  safety  of  employees.  

Health and safety committee

This  committee’s  main  jobs  are  to  improve  health  and  safety  systems  
in  the  workplace  and  to  concentrate  on  the  long  term  issues.  Day-­‐to-­‐
day  issues  are  handled  by  the  health  and  safety  representative  and/or  
management  representative  of  the  area,  but  any  of  these  issues  which  
are  unresolved  may  be  discussed  at  the  committee.  

The  committee  is  composed  of  managers  and  employees,  this  helps  to  
have  both  groups  working  together.  

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Activity 8: The OHS committee

Does your company have a Health and Safety Committee? Yes/No

Who are its members?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

How often does it meet?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

How can you find out what is happening in the committee and what
decisions are being made?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Government inspectors

The  government  has  a  team  of  workplace  inspectors  who  have  the  
right  to  enter,  search  and  inspect  a  workplace  at  any  reasonable  time  
of  day  or  night.  The  Inspector’s  job  is  to  check  the  safety  of  the  
workplace.  Inspectors  can  advise  to  help  employees  and  management  
work  together  to  find  a  solution  to  problems.  An  Inspector  may  also  be  
called  in  to  make  decisions  when  there  is  a  dispute  about  health  and  
safety.  

The procedures for dealing with OHS issues

If  there  is  a  health  and  safety  problem  someone  needs  to  know  about  
it.  You  should  talk  to:  
• your  trainer  
• OHS  officer  
• employee  OHS  representative  
• a  health  and  safety  committee  member.  

Some  organisations  have  had  management,  health  and  safety  


representatives,  the  health  and  safety  committee  and  employees  
together  to  establish  steps  for  dealing  with  health  and  safety  issues  
and  how  to  settle  any  disagreements.  These  are  called  Grievance  
Procedures,  or  agreed  issue  resolution  procedures.  Consider  the  
following  sample  steps  -­‐  you  should  really  have  most  problems  fixed  by  
following  steps  1  and  2.  

Step  1:     Issue  -­‐  consultation  with  OHS  employee  rep./trainer.  

Step  2:     No  resolution  -­‐  consultation  with  OHS  management  rep.  and  
  manager.  

Step  3:     No  resolution  -­‐  advice  from  OHS  manager  and  medical  officer.  

Step  4:     No  resolution  -­‐  refer  to  OHS  committee.  

Where  the  issue  involves  an  immediate  threat  to  health  and  safety,  the  
health  and  safety  representative  should  immediately  contact  the  
manager.  Some  work  may  need  to  be  stopped  in  that  area  and  
employees  given  other  work  to  do.  

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Activity 9: Case study

You are standing near your truck, waiting for the loading of some
pallets. You notice that the Forklift operator is loading some old
pallets which don’t look very strong. Some of the pallets are
crooked on the Forklift. When the operator tries to put them on the
truck several fall sideways and one falls onto your foot. It is not a
serious injury but the work area has pallets spread out over it, and
the area is potentially dangerous for other loading.

What would you do first?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Who would you go to with the issue?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

How would you resolve it?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 29


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TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Section 2

Potential hazards and remedial


action

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Section outline

Areas  covered  in  this  section  

Hazards  
− physical  
− chemical  
− environmental  
− human  behaviour  
− biological  

Remedial  action  

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 31


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What is a hazard?
A  hazard  is  anything  which  has  the  potential  to  cause  injury  or  illness.  

Any  type  of  work  has  hazards  that  are  common  to  that  work.  This  can  
include  the  working  environment,  the  pace  of  work,  equipment  or  
chemicals  used  and  the  tasks  performed.  

Hazards  can  be  put  into  five  categories  as  follows.  

Physical  

Hazards  in  this  category  include  noise  and  vibration,  extremes  of  
temperature  and  humidity,  poor  ventilation  and  lighting  of  the  work  
area  and  a  workplace  which  is  cluttered  or  untidy.  Electrical,  fire  and  
dust  hazards  are  physical.  

Chemical  

One  aspect  of  these  hazards  is  poor  ventilation  which  can  cause  
problems  with  dust,  fumes,  vapours,  gases  and  liquids.    

Another  aspect  covers  the  range  of  dangerous  goods  and  chemicals.  
These  include:  explosives,  gases,  miscellaneous  dangerous  substances  
and  articles,  flammable  liquids,  flammable  solids,  infectious  
substances,  poisons,  oxidising  agents,  organic  peroxides,  toxic  
substances,  radioactive  material,  corrosive  substances.  

Environmental  

Hazards  in  this  category  include  ergonomic  issues  such  as  the  
condition  and  design  of  equipment  and  furniture  and  occupational  
overuse  injuries  such  as  incorrect  lifting.  It  also  includes  storage  and  
manual  handling  of  dangerous  goods  and  other  loads,  spills  and  leaks,  
slips  and  falls  and  the  danger  of  falling  objects.  Job  and  task  design,  
and  tool  and  equipment  design  are  a  part  of  this  category.  

Human  behaviour  

Because  of  the  nature  of  the  industry,  shiftwork  and  its  effects  should  
be  considered  as  a  potential  hazard.  Other  hazards  in  behavioural  
aspects  are:  dealing  with  customers,  loss  of  control  over  work,  
boredom,  overwork,  skill  levels,  harassment,  noise,  discrimination  and  
abuse.  

Biological  

This  category  includes  hazards  such  as  infections,  bacteria  and  viruses.  

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ADELG1006 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Activity 10: Identifying hazards

Ask three different people in your workplace what hazards they


have come across. List the hazards they give under the five
category headings.

Physical Chemical Environmental Human Biological


behaviour

Which categories do they clearly see as hazards?

____________________________________________________

Put in any other hazards you can think of. Make sure you have at
least two items in each column.

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 33


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
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Taking action to fix it

Having  identified  the  hazards  it  is  important  to  assess  them,  then  
control  them  continuously.  It  is  the  responsibility  of  each  worker  to  be  
alert,  and  to  continuously  review  their  work  practices  and  potential  
hazards.  

The  first  step  in  managing  hazards  is  to  have  a  system  or  systems  of  
analysing  and  reporting  on  them.  

Identifying hazards

There  are  several  ways  that  you  can  find  out  about  hazards  in  the  
workplace.  Some  companies  use  just  one  or  two  methods,  others  use  
many.  Here  are  seven  identification  methods  which  can  be  used:  
• inspections  and  audits  
• hazard  reports  
• job  analysis  
• health  monitoring  data  
• injury  and  disease  trends  
• Material  Safety  Data  Sheets  
• workplace  environment  monitoring  data.  

Inspections and audits

One  way  to  check  hazards  is  to  audit  the  workplace.  This  usually  
requires  an  inspection.  The  people  involved  in  this  should  be  the  
people  working  in  the  area,  health  and  safety  representatives,  health  
and  safety  committee  members,  trainers  and  managers.  

It’s  best  to  involve  the  people  working  in  the  area  in  assessing  their  
own  workplace,  as  they  know  the  place  best,  and  would  be  the  
potential  accident/incident  victims.  

The  audit  should  be  performed  as  often  as  required  by  the  type  of  
work  being  done.  If  it  is  a  place  storing  and  moving  chemicals,  the  
audit  could  be  weekly.    

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Hazard reports

When  hazards  have  been  identified,  there  needs  to  be  a  type  of  
reporting  system  to  make  sure  the  information  goes  to  the  right  
person,  so  that  something  is  done  about  it.  Hazards  need  to  be  
identified,  assessed  and  controlled  continuously,  so  that  you  have  a  
safer  workplace.  

Job analysis

This  is  a  way  of  checking  carefully  the  tasks  a  person  has  to  do  in  their  
job.  The  tasks  are  broken  down  into  steps  and  any  hazards  that  may  be  
involved  are  identified.  Safe  operating  procedures  can  be  written  from  
this.  

Health monitoring data

What  you  monitor  depends  on  the  type  of  work  being  done.  Health  
monitoring  includes  hearing,  asbestos,  lead  and  pesticide  testing.  It  
would  be  useful  to  carry  out  some  of  these  tests  before  a  person  starts  
the  work  so  that  the  results  can  be  compared  later.    

Injury and disease trends

Most  companies  keep  records  of  injuries  that  cause  time-­‐off  work.  
These  are  called  Lost  Time  Injuries  or  LTI’s.  These  figures  can  then  be  
worked  out  as  a  rate  by  comparing  them  to  the  number  of  hours  
worked  by  people  at  the  work  site  where  these  injuries  occurred.  This  
rate  is  called  the  Lost  Time  Injury  Frequency  Rate  (LTIFR)  and  can  be  
compared  to  other  company  sites  or  industry  averages.  From  this,  
particular  hazards  or  hazardous  processes  can  be  highlighted.  

Material Safety Data Sheets

Most  workplaces  use  or  store  some  chemicals  or  hazardous  


substances.  Employees  need  to  have  access  to  the  Material  Safety  
Data  Sheets  (MSDS)  for  any  substances  used  in  the  workplace.    The  
MSDS  provide  information  to  assist  in  safety  handling  potentially  
hazardous  or  dangerous  materials  such  as  solvents,  chemicals  and  
poisons.  

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 35


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Workplace environment monitoring data

Sometimes  the  work  site  may  need  to  be  looked  at  closely  using  
specialised  testing  equipment.  You  may  use  someone  within  the  
company,  or  an  outside  expert.  Tests  could  include  lighting,  noise  and  
toxic  substance  levels.  

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ADELG1006 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009
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Activity 11: Hazard reporting

Find out about the hazard reporting system at your company.


Answer the following questions.

List the steps people need to take when they become aware of a
hazard or hazardous situation.

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

What happens to the information once it has been passed on? You
may need to speak to someone else in the company to find this out.

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Practise filling out your company’s hazard report form.

Show you completed form to your trainer for feedback.

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 37


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

How do you decide which hazards to sort out


first?

Some  hazards  have  the  potential  to  be  more  dangerous  than  others.  
You  need  to  sort  out  the  priorities,  assessing  the  risk.  Risk  is  the  
likelihood  of  injury  or  illness  arising  from  exposure  to  any  hazard.  You  
work  out  the  risk  by  talking  to  people  who  know  about  the  hazard,  
and  have  experience.    

Let’s  consider  the  simplest  way.  You  could  work  out  how  likely  it  is  
that  an  incident  will  happen,  and  balance  that  against  how  serious  the  
resultant  incident  could  be.  Your  priority  becomes  the  incidents  that  
could  happen  often  and  could  have  serious  consequences.  Naturally,  
all  hazards  will  eventually  need  to  be  assessed  and  acted  on,  so  you  
need  to  make  a  priority  order  of  the  hazards  you  have  identified  in  
your  workplace.  

Controlling the hazards

There  are  several  control  methods  which  can  be  used  to  control  the  
risks  effectively.    

Elimination:  
• removing  the  risk.  

Substituting:  
• using  a  better  or  less  risky  piece  of  equipment  or  
substance.  

Engineering  controls:  
• finding  ways  to  better  design  the  work  area,  such  as  better  
ventilation,  redesigning  the  layout,  enclosing  the  area.  

If  these  are  not  productive  or  feasible  methods  of  controlling  the  risk,  
then  it’s  possible  to  use  methods  which  generally  rely  on  human  
elements  to  work.  

Administrative  controls:  
• using  a  range  of  administration  methods  which  will  
systematically  reduce  risk,  such  as  training,  work  
scheduling  and  job  rotation,  supervision  and  
housekeeping.  

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Personal  protective  clothing  and  equipment:  


• includes  gloves,  ear  muffs,  overalls  and  masks,  which  
provide  a  barrier  to  the  hazard.  This  is  the  last  option  to  
consider  when  treating  risk  as  it  is  more  effective  to  try  to  
remove  or  eliminate  the  hazard.  

Let’s  look  at  some  aspects  of  the  controls  and  risk  management  in  
more  detail.  

Training

One  of  the  most  important  aspects  of  workplace  health  and  safety  is  
to  be  trained  in  what  safe  processes  and  procedures  are.  Your  
company  will  regularly  run  OHS  courses,  both  when  you  start  at  the  
job  and  as  the  need  arises  during  your  time  in  the  workplace.  These  
courses  could  include  dangerous  goods  storage  and  handling,  manual  
handling  skills,  First  Aid.  It  is  in  your  interest  to  make  sure  that  you  are  
always  up-­‐to-­‐date  on  OHS  requirements  in  the  workplace.  

Safety procedures manual

There  are  often  details  given  in  safety  procedures  manuals  developed  
by  the  company.  You  should  make  sure  you  have  read  these,  and  
follow  them.  Check  your  area’s  OHS  Manual  to  revise  the  safety  rules  
for  your  particular  work  area.  

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 39


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Activity 12: Manual handling procedures

Find out from your company OHS Manual the safety rules on
manual handling procedures.

Comment on how much you are familiar with and follow these
procedures. Give an example.

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

If you do not have safety rules on manual handling procedures,


write out below what you believe to be appropriate procedures.

Check these with your OHS officer.

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Ask your trainer to observe how you lift and handle materials and to
give you feedback on this aspect of your work.

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Housekeeping

Your  work  area  should  be  clearly  planned  and  laid  out,  so  that  you  can  
avoid  potential  hazards.  Make  sure  you  keep  the  area  clean  and  tidy  
remove  any  rubbish  from  the  site  and  regularly  maintain  this.  It’s  not  
just  a  matter  of  it  looking  good,  it’s  important  to  make  a  habit  of  
having  an  uncluttered  work  area  so  that  you  avoid  accidents.  

Work area layout

Not  only  do  you  need  to  have  orderly  and  clear  work  practices,  you  
also  need  to  have  an  environment  which  is  logically  laid  out  with  clear  
signage  to  indicate  various  aspects  of  the  workplace  activities.  
• The  physical  layout  should  include  marked  walkways,  
clearly  marked  exits,  clear  access,  and  aisle  ways  and  
separate  food/eating  areas  and  wash  facilities.  There  
should  also  be  designated  smoking  areas.    
• In  case  of  accident  you  need  to  know  where  the  
emergency  equipment  and  spill  collection  devices  are  
stored,  how  to  access  fire  fighting  equipment  and  oxygen  
apparatus.  In  your  First  Aid  area  there  will  need  to  be  eye  
wash  kits  and  showers  or  hand  basins  to  deal  with  minor  
spills  and  leaks.  
• The  machinery  or  equipment  will  need  to  have  safety  
guards  or  shields  where  necessary,  and  guard  rails  to  
indicate  safe  working  distances.  
• Security  is  an  important  aspect  of  your  work  area  layout.  
All  personnel  should  be  identified  and  provided  with  
clearance  to  enter  work  areas  (perhaps  after  a  safety  
induction  program);  the  area  should  be  supervised,  and  
good  security  such  as  gates  and  locks  installed  where  
required.  

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 41


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Activity 13: Workplace layout

Is your workplace clearly marked with exits, walkways and hazard


areas?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Where do you find the fire fighting equipment?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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Protective clothing and equipment

Protective  clothing  and  equipment  provide  a  barrier  to  a  hazard.  If  you  
remove  the  clothing,  or  it  is  not  properly  maintained  (i.e.  a  hole  in  your  
overalls)  then  the  hazard  could  cause  harm  immediately.  Consider  the  
following  checklist,  and  answer  the  questions  according  to  your  
specific  work  area.  

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 43


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Activity 14: Checklist

Do you wear the Yes No Sometimes


following?

Hearing protection (ear   


muffs or plugs)

Safety footwear   

Protective clothing (overalls,   


dustcoats)

Eye protection (safety   


glasses, chemical goggles)

Respirators   

Hand protection (gloves)   


Are the areas appropriately signposted indicating what equipment
should be worn?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

If not, where should signs be posted and what type?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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ADELG1006 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009
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Information systems

Your  workplace  has  a  range  of  ways  of  informing  you  about  hazardous  
situations.  They  could  include:  
• procedures  manuals  -­‐  could  be  individual  work  area  or  
more  general  
• sign  posting  -­‐  should  be  part  of  the  physical  layout  
• labelling  -­‐  clear  labelling  is  vital  to  your  industry  functioning  
safely  and  efficiently  
• Material  Safety  Data  Sheet  -­‐  these  must  be  available  for  
any  substances  used.  

The  workplace  also  sets  up  procedures  to  deal  with  potential  hazards:  
• safety  work  permits  
• confined  space  entry  procedures  
• lock-­‐out  and  tag-­‐out  procedures  
• health  and  safety  policy.  

You  should  know  about  each  of  these.  If  you  are  unsure  about  your  
company’s  policy  and  procedures,  contact  your  training  officer  or  OHS  
officer.  

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 45


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Section 3

Accident and incident emergency


procedure

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ADELG1006 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Section outline

Areas  covered  in  this  section  

Emergency  procedures  

First  Aid  facilities  

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 47


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

First Aid facilities emergency procedures

Emergency procedures in the workplace

You  are  probably  aware  of  site  plans  at  your  workplace  indicating  exits  
and  evacuation  points.  It  is  important  to  know  what  to  do  if  there  is  an  
emergency.  

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ADELG1006 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Activity 15: Emergency procedures

How do you know if an accident has occurred?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

What is the initial emergency response?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

What is the plant or workplace evacuation plan? Where do you go?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Who is in charge of the evacuation?

____________________________________________________

What are your responsibilities in emergency situation/evacuations?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 49


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

You  should  know  the  workplace  emergency  procedures,  which  will  


cover:  
• what  a  person  should  do  
• how  to  raise  the  alarm  
• a  plan  to  evacuate  the  site.  

Emergency  phone  numbers  should  be  displayed  near  telephones.  

What  can  cause  an  evacuation?  Well,  it  could  be  the  result  of  a  spillage,  
gas  leak,  or  an  emergency  such  as  a  fire  or  explosion.  Your  worksite  
should  practise  the  evacuation  procedures  at  least  every  six  months,  
and  it  is  important  that  everyone  recognises  the  signals  and  reacts  to  
them  immediately.  

The  person  in  charge  in  an  emergency  is  the  fire  warden  with  the  
authority  to  direct  people  in  emergency  situations.  Once  the  fire  
services  or  other  emergency  services  arrive,  the  fire  chief  or  officer-­‐in-­‐
charge  is  the  person  who  will  direct  the  emergency  situation.  

Your  workplace  can  also  include  the  customer  where  you  are  picking  
up  or  delivering.  If  you  have  been  delivering  to  the  one  customer  for  a  
while,  you  may  know  what  their  procedures  are.    

You  may  be  in  the  truck  when  there  is  an  emergency.  The  more  you  
know  about  emergency  procedures,  the  more  you  will  react  quickly  
and  instinctively  if  there  is  an  accident  or  incident  when  you  are  on  the  
road.  Make  yourself  familiar  with  your  company  procedures  so  that  
you  can  respond  immediately.    

Accident/incident  reporting  

It’s  best  to  try  to  stop  accidents  or  incidents  before  they  occur,  so  it  
can  be  important  to  report  accidents  or  incidents  even  if  they  don’t  
seem  too  serious.  The  reporting  should  then  lead  to  the  situation  
being  improved.    

These  could  include:  


• minor  injury  
− an  injury  which  requires  First  Aid,  but  there  is  no  time  lost  from  
work  except  for  rest  and  treatment  
• property  damage  
− no-­‐one  is  hurt  but  there  is  some  damage  to  equipment  
• near  misses  

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− no-­‐one  is  hurt  although  something  has  gone  wrong.  There  is  
potential  for  the  incident  to  have  damaged  someone  or  
property.  

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 51


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

There  are  accidents  or  incidents  which  must  be  reported  by  the  
employer  to  the  relevant  authorities.  These  involve  serious  injury  or  
death  of  one  or  more  workers,  and  the  loss  of  time  from  work,  
including  hospital  treatment.  

Procedures  for  accident  reporting  are  similar  to  being  involved  in  a  car  
accident.  You  need  to  know  exactly  what  information  is  required  by  
your  company,  and  make  sure  that  you  obtain  all  those  details.  

There  will  be  procedures  for  this,  such  as  the  completion  of  an  
accident  book  or  accident/incident  forms.  These  provide  not  only  a  
description  of  what  happened  but  an  official  log  which  can  be  used  to  
maintain  accurate  records.  Talk  to  your  trainer  about  the  procedures  in  
your  workplace.  

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ADELG1006 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Activity 16: Accident report form

Ask your trainer to show you the workplace accident reporting


procedures. Make sure you complete at least one accident report
form with feedback from the trainer.

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 53


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

First Aid facilities

You  should  have  the  following  First  Aid  facilities  at  your  workplace,  
depending  on  what  is  stored  in  your  work  area:  
• First  Aid  kit  
• emergency  equipment  
• spill  collection  devices  
• fire  fighting  equipment  
• oxygen  apparatus  
• eye  wash  kit  
• showers/hand  basins.  

All  First  Aid  kits  should  be  easy  to  find,  and  should  be  well-­‐stocked.  Do  
you  have  a  First  Aid  kit  in  the  truck?  Make  sure  it  has  a  list  of  its  
contents,  and  they  are  there.  In  an  accident  on  the  road  you  will  need  
to  react  quickly  and  be  sure  of  having  the  relevant  materials.  

The  application  of  First  Aid  requires  a  person  to  be  trained.  There  
should  be  training  courses  in  First  Aid  at  your  workplace,  and  you  
should  know  who  is  qualified  to  deliver  First  Aid.  

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ADELG1006 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009
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Activity 17: Location of First Aid

Draw up a site plan, indicating where the First Aid stations are
located.

Who is your First Aid officer?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

What are the responsibilities of the First Aid officer? If you are not
sure, talk to your First Aid officer.

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 55


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Activity 18: Case study

You are driving over the Westgate Bridge when there is an accident
involving your truck. You have obtained details of the accident as
required by your company. You will be unable to complete the
delivery as the truck has damage requiring workshop repair.

What do you do immediately?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

What do you do when you return to the worksite/despatch?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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ADELG1006 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009
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Section 4

Stress related factors and


recommended strategies

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 57


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Section outline

Areas  covered  in  this  section  

Stress  related  factors  in  the  workplace  

Strategies  to  improve  work  practices  

Page 58 © Australian National Training Authority 2003


ADELG1006 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009
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Strategies to improve work practices

Stress factors in the workplace

Working  in  the  transport  industry,  you  will  have  times  when  you  are  
under  stress.  It  may  be  because  of  the  pressure  of  delivering  to  a  
difficult  timeline,  or  having  to  do  deliveries  at  peak  hour  within  time  
constraints.  It  could  be  working  to  the  difficulties  in  another  
company’s  workplace,  such  as  computers  going  down  when  you’re  
waiting  to  pick  up  a  delivery.    

Other  factors  which  could  cause  stress  are:  


• working  hours  
−  you  may  be  required  to  work  an  11  to  12  hour  day,  or  longer  
• shift  work,  overtime  
− it  can  take  a  while  to  get  used  to  different  shifts  and  overtime  
could  put  on  added  personal  pressure  
• fear  or  worry  
− it  is  often  said  that  driving  is  a  young  man’s  game,  and  the  
pressure  of  injury  or  change  could  cause  you  to  worry  about  
your  future  employment  prospects  as  you  get  older  
• environmental  factors  
− there  may  be  temperature  variations  such  as  extreme  heat  or  
cold,  or  your  cab  may  be  uncomfortable  because  it’s  old  or  
badly  designed  
• technology  
− new  technology  systems  could  be  added  to  your  job,  when  you  
already  feel  uneasy  about  technology.  

Everyone  reacts  to  stress  in  different  ways.  You  could  have  strategies  
such  as  talking  to  your  trainer  about  the  hours,  or  finding  ways  to  
make  your  truck  more  comfortable  and  yourself  more  injury-­‐free.    

One  thing  to  avoid  is  to  use  substances  such  as  alcohol  or  drugs  as  a  
way  to  relieve  the  stress  -­‐  these  are  definitely  not  safe  work  practices,  
and  will  be  in  contravention  of  company  policy!  

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 59


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
TLIF107C Follow occupational health and safety procedures

Activity 19: Stress in the workplace

Write down three factors which have recently stressed you or a


workmate.

1. ___________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________

What have you or your workmate done to help with the stress?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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Talking to others

The  first  person  to  talk  to  is  your  trainer,  and/or  your  OHS  
representative,  who  will  consider  with  you  ways  to  improve  the  work  
practices  in  your  area.  These  could  include:  
• changing  shifts  to  suit  different  personalities  
• regular  vehicle  checking  and  maintenance  schedules  
• encouraging  drivers  to  do  training  in  defensive  driving  
• regular  communication  about  changes  in  the  work  
environment  
• training  in  manual  handling  and  other  aspects  of  injury  
prevention.  

If  you  have  a  persistent  problem  with  some  of  the  stressors  listed  
above,  you  may  need  to  talk  to  an  expert  about  it.  There  are  specialists  
in  counselling  and  general  health  who  could  provide  you  with  some  
strategies  to  overcome  some  of  your  stress-­‐inducing  issues.  Talk  to  
your  OHS  representative  or  your  trainer.  

Strategies  

There  may  be  strategies  to  make  your  job  safer  and  more  efficient.    
• Job  redesign  
− this  involves  looking  at  the  way  a  series  of  tasks  are  carried  out  
and  minimising  the  risks  by  changing  some  of  the  tasks  to  safer  
work  practices.  You  may  need  to  use  some  mechanical  device  
or  other  support  to  lift  heavy  objects.  

Another  strategy  which  can  relieve  boredom  or  working  longer  hours  
than  you  are  used  to  is  to  take  scheduled  breaks  
• Job  rotation    
− this  involves  people  try  different  jobs  within  the  work  unit.  This  
then  means  they  get  variety  and  they  have  more  flexibility  in  
their  skills.  

Rehabilitation  from  injury  could  require  either  job  redesign  or  modified  
light  duties.    

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 61


Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L July 2009 ADELG1006
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Activity 20: Case study

The trainer is worried about Don, aged 43, who has been with the
company for 20 years and has been one of their best drivers. He
has recently been bad tempered and is a bit rough on his truck. It is
requiring more maintenance time, particularly as Don has been
involved in three minor accidents over the last month. They
seemed to be the result of Don trying to do more deliveries in less
time. Don is working overtime whenever he can. He had a back
injury about six months ago, was on lighter duties for about four
weeks and really didn’t like it. He wants to prove that he can still do
the driving job.

What should the trainer do?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Outline some strategies he could suggest to Don.

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

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Additional
resources

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 63


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Web  sites:  
• Unionsafe    
(sponsored  by  Workcover  Authority  if  NSW)    
http://www.unionsafe.labor.net.au  
• Workcover  Authority  of  NSW    
(use  links  to  locate  relevant  authorities  in  other  states/territories)  
http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au  
• Workplace  OHS    
http://www.workplaceohs.com.au  
• National  OHS  Commission  
http://www.nohsc.gov.au    

Publications:  
• The  union  may  feature  OHS  information  and  issues  in  their  
newsletter  or  on  their  web  site  (speak  to  your  union  
representative).  
• Ackerman  K.B.  Practical  Handbook  of  Warehousing,  Van  Nostrand  
Reinhold,  New  York.  
• Occupational  Health,  Safety  and  Welfare  Regulations  (federal  and  
state/territory)  
• Approved  Code  of  Practice  (federal  and  state/territory),  for:  
 Labelling  of  workplace  substances  
 Control  of  workplace  hazardous  substances  
 Occupational  health  and  First  Aid  in  the  workplace  
 Manual  handling  

Videos:  
• Head  over  heels  –  Safety  Image  Pty  Ltd.  
(Part  of  the  Safety  Awareness  Video  Programmes)  
• Slips,  trips  and  falls  –  Safety  care  services  
• Hand  tools  safety  –  Vo-­‐tech  training  services  
• Safety  matter  OHS,  A  joint  approach  –  Workcover  corporation.    
 

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