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DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (331102)

PRACTICAL: 06

STUDY OF HALF SUBSTRACTOR CIRCUIT AND


FULL SUBSTRACTOR CIRCUIT
1.0 AIM :

 To design and realize adder and substractor.

2.0 PRIOR CONCEPTS :

 Knowledge of 2 bit and 3 bit addition and subtraction.

3.0 INTRODUCTION

 Digital system consist of basically two types of circuits:


o Combinational Logic System
o Sequential Logic System

 In a combinational circuit, the output at any time depends only on the input
values at that time.

 In the sequential circuit, the output at any time depends on the present input
values as well as the past output values.

4.0 HALF SUBSTRACTOR :

 A half substractor is a combinational circuit which is used to perform subtraction


of two bits.
 It has two inputs, X (minuend) and Y (subtrahend) and two outputs D
(difference) and Bout. (Borrow out).

24 | P a g e
SOHIL VOHRA (LECTURER - SHRI K.J. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BHARUCH (C.E. DEPTT))
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (331102)

 From the truth table, it is clear that the difference output is 0 if X = Y and 1 if X
≠Y.

 The Borrow output Bout is 1 whenever X < Y. If X < Y, then the subtraction is done
by borrowing 1 from next higher bit.

 The Boolean experience for Difference and Borrow can be as shown :


o D=X Y
o B=XY

 From the above equations, the half substractor can be implemented using an Ex-
OR gate, a NOT gate and an AND gate.

5.0 FULL SUBTRACTION :

 A full substractor is a combinational circuit that performs subtraction involving


three bits, namely minuend bit, subtrahend bit and the borrow from the previous
stage.
 It has three inputs X(minuend), Y (subtrahend) and Bin (Borrow in).

 One can notice that the equation for D is the same as the sum output for a full
adder, and the borrow output Bout resembles the carry output for full adder except
that one of the inputs is complemented.

25 | P a g e
SOHIL VOHRA (LECTURER - SHRI K.J. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BHARUCH (C.E. DEPTT))
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (331102)

 From these similarities, it is possible to convert a full adder into a full substractor
by merely complementing that input prior to its application to the inputs of gates
which form the borrow output.

6.0 EXERCISE

6.1 Is it possible to construct the half substractor using only NOR gate? Why?
Ans :

6.2 Is it possible to construct the full substractor using only NAND gate?
Ans :

6.3 What is the difference between half substractor and full substractor?
Ans :

6.4 Is full substractor a combinational circuit? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans :

26 | P a g e
SOHIL VOHRA (LECTURER - SHRI K.J. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BHARUCH (C.E. DEPTT))
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (331102)

6.5 “We can create a full substractor from full adder with a mere change in
circuit of full adder.” Justify this statement.

Ans :

7.0 ASSIGNMENTS
7.1 What is the full substractor? Explain with diagram.
7.2 What is the half substractor? Explain with diagram.
7.3 How can we construct full substractor circuit using half substractor?
7.4 Design a half substractor using only NAND gate. Explain the functioning of
the circuit and show that the output is that of the half substractor circuit.
7.5 Design a full adder using only NOR gate. Explain the functioning of the
circuit and show that the output is that of the full substractor circuit.

Grades for Exercise: .................................................

Grades for Assignment: .................................................

Signature of Lab Co-ordinators: .................................................

27 | P a g e
SOHIL VOHRA (LECTURER - SHRI K.J. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BHARUCH (C.E. DEPTT))

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